Control architecture of energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a control architecture of energy storage equipment. The control architecture comprises a bus, a BMS, an EMS, a PCS and an auxiliary system. The BMS, the EMS and the auxiliary system are all connected with the bus, and the PCS is only connected with the BMS and is only used for executing AC / DC conversion. According to the utility model, three core subsystems, namely the EMS, the PCS and the BMS, in an existing energy storage system are simplified and integrated, on one hand, the PCS is only responsible for simple AC / DC conversion by weakening the function of the PCS, the PCS is only communicated with the BMS, and the EMS and the BMS are integrated into a bus system control framework; compared with the situation that a PCS, a BMS and an EMS in an existing control framework need to communicate with one another, the system response efficiency is improved, the data consistency is effectively guaranteed, and meanwhile good flexibility and expansibility are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular relates to a control architecture of energy storage equipment. Background Art

[0002] The current mainstream energy storage equipment control system is mainly designed with a 3S architecture, that is, an integrated design with "PCS energy storage converter, BMS battery management system, EMS energy management system" as the three core systems. Although the technology is relatively mature and stable, and the subsystems are relatively independent and have low coupling, they have good flexibility and scalability.

[0003] However, the existing architecture still has some defects:

[0004] High system complexity: In the 3S system architecture design, the three core systems communicate with each other, and issues such as compatibility, stability, and security need to be considered between the core systems, which increases the technical difficulty and cost of the system.

[0005] High data consistency requirements: In the 3S system architecture design, the three core systems communicate with each other, and additional measures are needed to ensure data consistency and synchronization.

[0006] Low system response efficiency: In the 3S system architecture design, the three core systems communicate with each other. Often, during the processing of each subsystem, it is necessary to consider that data must pass through three levels before it can be processed and responded to, and the next action is taken based on this, which affects the overall system efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to solve the problems of high system complexity, high data consistency requirements, low system response efficiency, etc. in the existing energy storage device control system, the utility model provides a control architecture for energy storage equipment.

[0008] A control architecture for energy storage equipment, including a bus, BMS, EMS, PCS, and auxiliary systems; the BMS, EMS, and auxiliary systems are all connected to the bus, while the PCS is only connected to the BMS and is only used for AC / DC conversion.

[0009] Furthermore, the auxiliary system is used to upload fire protection data, temperature control data and environmental data to the bus, and receive control instructions issued by the bus.

[0010] Furthermore, there are two buses mentioned above, and the BMS, EMS, and auxiliary systems all communicate with the two buses.

[0011] Furthermore, the BMS includes a master control module, a slave control module, and an insulation module;

[0012] The main control module includes a high voltage control unit, a main control sub-unit and a data sub-unit;

[0013] The high-voltage control subunit collects data from the high-voltage box and transmits the data from the high-voltage box to the main control subunit;

[0014] The main control sub-unit receives all data on the bus, processes it accordingly, and then sends control instructions to the bus and PCS;

[0015] The data subunit receives all data on the bus and sends the data to the Ethernet port;

[0016] The slave control module has the same number of battery packs as the energy storage device, and is responsible for collecting the voltage, balance status, and temperature information of each single cell in the battery pack and uploading it to the bus; at the same time, it obtains the corresponding control instructions from the bus;

[0017] The insulation module is responsible for collecting insulation data and sending the data to the bus, and at the same time, obtaining corresponding control instructions from the bus.

[0018] Furthermore, the high-voltage control unit, main control sub-unit and data sub-unit all have a fault alarm determination function, and the main control sub-unit sends the fault alarm action control instruction to the bus and PCS.

[0019] Furthermore, the above-mentioned EMS includes a remote module, a wave recording module, and a display module;

[0020] The remote module is responsible for sending the collected remote commands and the data after the fault alarm is determined to the bus, and receiving the data sent by the bus and sending it to the outside;

[0021] The wave recording module is responsible for storing the wave recording data sent on the bus, sending the data after the fault alarm is determined to the bus, receiving the data query command sent by the bus, and sending the query result back to the bus;

[0022] The display module is responsible for sending user interaction instructions to the bus, sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus, and receiving the data sent by the bus and sending it to the external LCD.

[0023] Furthermore, the auxiliary system includes a fire protection module, a temperature control module and an environmental module;

[0024] The fire protection module is responsible for obtaining data on single cell temperature, battery pack gas data, fire protection pipeline gas data, and fire water tank liquid level from the bus, and processing and judging these data to provide fault alarms and fire protection control. It is also responsible for obtaining synchronous clocks and upgrading control instructions from the bus.

[0025] The temperature control module is responsible for collecting the chiller's operating status information, temperature information, and water pressure information, and sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus. On the other hand, it obtains the temperature information of the single battery from the bus, processes the data and generates control instructions to control the operating status conversion of the chiller. In addition, it is also used to receive the synchronous clock and upgrade control instructions sent on the bus.

[0026] The environmental module is responsible for collecting the temperature, humidity, and gas composition or pressure data of the energy storage equipment, and sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus, while receiving the synchronous clock and upgrade control instructions sent on the bus.

[0027] Furthermore, there are two fire protection modules; the two fire protection modules serve as redundant backups for each other.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0029] 1. This utility model simplifies and integrates the three core subsystems (EMS / PCS / BMS) in the current energy storage system. On the one hand, the function of the PCS is weakened to make it only responsible for simple AC / DC conversion, and the PCS only communicates with the battery management system (BMS). At the same time, the energy management system EMS and the battery management system BMS are integrated into a bus system control architecture.

[0030] Compared with the existing control architecture where PCS, BMS, and EMS need to communicate with each other, this has the following advantages:

[0031] First, by integrating the EMS and BMS into a single bus system control architecture and de-emphasizing the communication capabilities of the PCS, the number of communication links and nodes is reduced, thereby reducing information transmission latency. This enables the system to respond more quickly to grid demands, battery pack status changes, or abnormal conditions, improving system response efficiency.

[0032] Second, because the integrated EMS and BMS share the same bus system, they can directly exchange and synchronize data, reducing the complexity and redundancy of data transmission. This helps ensure data consistency and accuracy, providing a more reliable basis for system decision-making.

[0033] Third, because the EMS and BMS are tightly integrated and share the same bus system, the system can be flexibly expanded and upgraded as needed. New components or systems can be more easily integrated into the existing system. Furthermore, the bus system control architecture typically supports multiple communication protocols and interface standards, allowing the system to more flexibly interconnect and interoperate with other systems. As a result, the integrated architecture offers greater flexibility and scalability.

[0034] Therefore, the simplified system architecture not only improves system response efficiency and effectively ensures data consistency, but also has good flexibility and scalability.

[0035] 2. This utility model introduces an efficient and flexible dual-bus system architecture strategy, which is used to ensure that control instructions and data can be transmitted quickly and accurately on the one hand, and to transmit high-speed data or specific communication protocols on the other hand.

[0036] Therefore, the advantages of the dual bus design are:

[0037] Improved communication efficiency: By separating internal communication and data exchange functions, the system can more effectively manage different types of communication flows, avoid communication delays, and improve communication efficiency.

[0038] Enhanced reliability and scalability: The two buses provide mutual backup. If one bus fails, the other can take over, improving system reliability. Furthermore, the buses support multiple communication protocols and interface standards, making it easy to integrate new devices or modules and improving system scalability.

[0039] 3. This utility model adopts a modular design, breaking down different functions into independent functional modules (such as the fire protection module, temperature control module, and environmental module). Control instructions and data are exchanged between modules via a bus. This greatly improves the flexibility and maintainability of the system. The failure of a single module will not affect the operation of the entire system. At the same time, it is easy to add, delete, or replace modules according to actual needs.

[0040] 4. To ensure the safety of the energy storage equipment, this utility model adopts a redundant design with dual fire protection modules. This ensures that if any fire protection module fails, the system can continue to perform fire monitoring and response tasks. The advantage of this design is that it reduces the risk of single points of failure and improves the reliability and fault tolerance of the energy storage equipment fire safety management and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the existing energy storage device control architecture;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control framework of the energy storage device of the utility model;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the energy storage device control architecture in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Specifically, the communication relationship and functions of each part in the existing 3S architecture are as follows: Figure 1 As shown:

[0047] 1. The main functions of the battery management system (BMS) are as follows:

[0048] The first aspect is responsible for monitoring the operating status of each single cell in the battery pack, including parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, to ensure the safe operation of the battery, and to promptly issue an alarm or take protective measures when the battery has an abnormality.

[0049] Secondly, the battery pack's operating status is monitored in real time, including individual battery cell voltage, current, temperature, SOC, SOH, and other parameters. This information is aggregated and sent to the EMS. The EMS uses this status information to assess the health of the battery pack and develop a more appropriate control strategy.

[0050] Thirdly, according to the real-time status of the battery pack (such as SOC, temperature, etc.), control instructions are sent to the PCS to adjust the charge and discharge power or stop the charge and discharge operation to ensure the safe operation of the battery pack.

[0051] 2. The main functions of the energy management system (EMS) are as follows:

[0052] The first aspect is responsible for data collection, data analysis, and energy scheduling. It monitors the status of various devices in the energy storage system in real time, including the PCS, BMS, and auxiliary systems, and achieves optimal energy distribution and scheduling based on economic operation strategies and safety protection strategies.

[0053] Secondly, control instructions are sent to the BMS based on the grid load, energy storage system status and economic operation strategy, such as adjusting the charge and discharge power of the battery pack and setting the SOC target value of the battery pack.

[0054] Thirdly, based on grid dispatch instructions, the energy storage system's status, and economic operation strategies, control instructions are sent to the PCS, such as starting or stopping charging and discharging, and adjusting charging and discharging power. These instructions are designed to enable bidirectional energy flow between the energy storage system and the grid, meeting the grid's dispatch requirements.

[0055] 3. The PCS is the core component that enables bidirectional flow of electric energy between the energy storage system and the power grid. Its main functions are as follows:

[0056] First, the PCS receives control commands from the EMS via a communication interface. These commands typically involve battery charging and discharging strategies to ensure the energy storage system can meet grid or load demands. Based on these commands, the PCS controls the converter to charge or discharge the batteries, enabling bidirectional energy flow between the energy storage system and the grid.

[0057] Secondly, the PCS communicates with the BMS (Battery Management System) in real time via a communication protocol (such as the CAN bus). The BMS obtains real-time battery pack status information, such as cell voltage, temperature, SOC (State of Charge), and SOH (State of Health). This information is crucial for the PCS to formulate and execute charge and discharge strategies, helping to protect the battery from damage caused by overcharging, discharging, or overloading.

[0058] Third, the PCS incorporates multiple protection features to ensure the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system. For example, if an anomaly is detected in the battery pack or power grid (such as battery overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, or power grid failure), the PCS will quickly disconnect the circuit or adjust the charge and discharge strategy to avoid potential safety risks.

[0059] Fourthly, PCS systems typically have self-monitoring and fault diagnosis capabilities. By monitoring their own operating status and performance parameters in real time, PCS systems can promptly detect and report potential faults or abnormalities. This helps operations personnel quickly identify problems and take appropriate measures, ensuring the continued stable operation of the energy storage system.

[0060] Based on the above description of BMS, EMS and PCS in the existing 3S architecture, it can be seen that the existing architecture has the problems of high system architecture complexity, high data consistency requirements and low system response efficiency. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the existing 3S architecture, the utility model provides a control architecture for energy storage equipment, such as Figure 2 As shown, it mainly includes bus, BMS, EMS, PCS and auxiliary systems; BMS, EMS and auxiliary systems are all connected to the bus, and PCS is only connected to BMS and is only used to perform AC / DC conversion.

[0061] This utility model simplifies and integrates the three core subsystems (EMS / PCS / BMS) in the current energy storage system. On the one hand, it weakens the function of PCS so that it is only responsible for simple AC / DC conversion, and PCS only communicates with the battery management system BMS. At the same time, it integrates the energy management system EMS and the battery management system BMS into a bus system control architecture. Compared with the existing control architecture in which PCS, BMS and EMS need to communicate with each other, this not only improves the system response efficiency and effectively ensures data consistency, but also has good flexibility and scalability.

[0062] In order to further introduce the control architecture of the present invention in more detail, this embodiment provides a detailed structure of the control architecture and a description of the functions of each part, such as Figure 3 As shown:

[0063] In order to isolate data information and control instructions, ensure that control instructions and data information can be transmitted quickly and accurately, and at the same time enable high-speed data or specific communication protocols to be transmitted quickly and effectively; in this embodiment, two buses can be set, defined as a control CAN bus and a data CAN bus; the control CAN bus is connected to the BMS, EMS, and auxiliary systems, and is mainly responsible for receiving and sending control instructions; the data CAN bus is connected to the BMS, EMS, and auxiliary systems, and is mainly responsible for receiving and sending data information;

[0064] In addition, the control CAN bus and the data CAN bus can be redundant with each other. The purpose of mutual redundancy is: when the data CAN bus fails, the control CAN bus takes over the task of the data CAN bus, and when the control CAN bus fails, the data CAN bus takes over the task of the control CAN bus.

[0065] In this embodiment, the BMS receives data from the PCS and its own internal data in real time and sends them to the data CAN bus. On the other hand, it obtains all data from the data CAN bus for calculation and processing, and sends the control instructions generated after calculation and processing to the control CAN bus and PCS.

[0066] Specifically, the BMS mainly includes a master control module, a slave control module, and an insulation module. The functions of each module are as follows:

[0067] The main control module includes a high voltage control subunit, a main control subunit and a data subunit;

[0068] The high-voltage control subunit collects data such as DC bus current, battery pack total voltage, contactor rear end total voltage, copper busbar temperature, etc., and transmits the above data to the main control subunit;

[0069] The main control subunit receives all the data information on the data CAN bus, such as the voltage, temperature, and balance status of the battery pack, the control strategy of the EMS, the status information of the environment, the status information of the fire protection temperature control, etc., and sends control instructions to the control CAN bus and PCS after corresponding processing. For example, it calculates whether the maximum voltage of the battery exceeds the threshold. If so, it sends a stop charging instruction to the PCS; another example is to calculate whether the battery cell temperature exceeds the threshold. If so, it sends a chiller start cooling instruction to the temperature control.

[0070] The data subunit receives and controls all data information on the CAN bus, including BMS status data, EMS status data, auxiliary system, PCS status and other data, and sends the data information to the Ethernet port;

[0071] In addition, after the three sub-units make their own fault alarm judgments, the main control sub-unit sends the fault alarm action control instructions to the control CAN bus and PCS.

[0072] The slave control modules, which have the same number of battery packs as the energy storage device, are responsible for collecting data such as the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in the battery pack, the pack's balance status, gas levels, and fault alarms, and then sending this data to the data CAN bus. This data is primarily collected and used by the BMS master control module. The slave control modules also receive control commands such as clock synchronization and upgrades from the control CAN bus.

[0073] The insulation module is responsible for collecting insulation data and data after the module's own fault alarm judgment, and sending the above data to the data CAN bus. At the same time, it obtains control instructions such as synchronization clock and upgrade from the control CAN bus.

[0074] In this embodiment, the EMS receives the current data of the data CAN bus and the current control instructions on the control CAN bus in real time, performs calculation and processing, and sends the control instructions generated after calculation and processing to the control CAN bus, and uploads the data information generated after calculation and processing to the data CAN bus;

[0075] Specifically, EMS mainly includes remote module, recording module and display module.

[0076] The functions of each module are as follows:

[0077] The remote module is responsible for sending collected remote commands to the control CAN bus and sending fault alarm data to the data CAN bus. It also receives data from the data CAN bus and sends it to an external PC or cloud via Bluetooth or mobile network. In this embodiment, remote commands include software upgrades, settings, and data queries.

[0078] The waveform recording module is responsible for storing the waveform data sent on the data CAN bus. The waveform recording data includes energy storage charging and discharging energy, fault alarm, operating status of each module, etc., and is used to send the data after the module itself makes a fault alarm judgment to the data CAN bus. At the same time, it receives the synchronization instructions or data query instructions sent by the control CAN bus and sends the results back to the data CAN bus.

[0079] The display module is responsible for sending user interaction instructions to the control CAN bus, and for sending the data after the module's own fault alarm judgment to the data CAN bus. At the same time, it receives data sent by the data CAN bus and sends it to the external LCD.

[0080] In this embodiment, the auxiliary system is used to upload fire protection data, temperature control data, and environmental data to the bus, and receive control instructions issued by the bus;

[0081] Specifically: the auxiliary system mainly includes fire protection module, temperature control module, and environmental module;

[0082] The functions of each module are as follows:

[0083] The fire protection module is responsible for obtaining the temperature of single cells, gas data in the battery pack, gas data in the fire protection pipeline, and liquid level data of the fire water tank from the data CAN bus, and processing and judging these data, and then performing fault alarms and fire control action judgment calculations, and sending control instructions to the control CAN bus and fault alarm information to the data CAN bus based on the results; on the other hand, it obtains control instructions such as synchronous clock and upgrade from the control CAN bus.

[0084] Fire protection is the bottom line for energy storage equipment safety. Therefore, two fire protection modules are designed in this embodiment for redundant reliability. Fire protection module 1 and fire protection module 2 serve as backups for each other. Under normal circumstances, fire protection module 1 is the primary operator, while fire protection module 2 monitors fire protection module 1 for failures. If fire protection module 1 fails, fire protection module 2 takes over fire protection data collection and action control. When fire protection module 1 recovers from the fault, fire protection module 2 automatically switches to monitoring mode.

[0085] On the one hand, the temperature control module is responsible for collecting the operating status information, temperature information, and water pressure information of the chiller, and sending the data after the module itself makes a fault alarm judgment to the data CAN bus; on the other hand, it obtains the single battery temperature information sent by the slave control module from the data CAN bus, and processes the data to form control instructions to control the operating status conversion of the chiller; on the other hand, it is used to receive control instructions such as synchronization clock and upgrade sent on the control CAN bus.

[0086] Environmental module: The environmental module is responsible for collecting the temperature, humidity, and gas composition or pressure data of the energy storage equipment (generally speaking, the energy storage cabinet), and sending the data after the module itself makes a fault alarm judgment to the data CAN bus. At the same time, it receives control instructions such as synchronization clock and upgrade sent on the control CAN bus.

Claims

1. A control architecture for an energy storage device, characterized by: Including bus, BMS, EMS, PCS and auxiliary systems; BMS, EMS and auxiliary systems are all connected to the bus, PCS is only connected to BMS and is only used for AC / DC conversion.

2. The control architecture of an energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary system is used to upload fire protection data, temperature control data and environmental data to the bus, and receive control instructions issued by the bus.

3. The control architecture of an energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are two buses, and the BMS, EMS, and auxiliary systems all communicate with the two buses.

4. The control architecture of an energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The BMS includes a master control module, a slave control module, and an insulation module; The main control module includes a high voltage control unit, a main control sub-unit and a data sub-unit; The high-voltage control subunit collects data from the high-voltage box and transmits the data from the high-voltage box to the main control subunit; The main control sub-unit receives all data on the bus, processes it accordingly, and then sends control instructions to the bus and PCS; The data subunit receives all data on the bus and sends the data to the Ethernet port; The slave control module has the same number of battery packs as the energy storage device, and is responsible for collecting the voltage, balance status, and temperature information of each single cell in the battery pack and uploading it to the bus; at the same time, it obtains the corresponding control instructions from the bus; The insulation module is responsible for collecting insulation data and sending the data to the bus, and at the same time, obtaining corresponding control instructions from the bus.

5. The control architecture of the energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The master control module, slave control module and insulation module all have the function of fault alarm determination, and the master control module sends the fault alarm action control instruction to the bus and PCS.

6. The control architecture of an energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The EMS includes a remote module, a wave recording module, and a display module; The remote module is responsible for sending the collected remote commands and the data after the fault alarm is determined to the bus, and receiving the data sent by the bus and sending it to the outside; The wave recording module is responsible for storing the wave recording data sent on the bus, sending the data after the fault alarm is determined to the bus, receiving the data query command sent by the bus, and sending the query result back to the bus; The display module is responsible for sending user interaction instructions to the bus, sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus, and receiving the data sent by the bus and sending it to the external LCD.

7. The control architecture of an energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary system includes a fire protection module, a temperature control module, and an environmental module; The fire protection module is responsible for obtaining data on single cell temperature, battery pack gas data, fire protection pipeline gas data, and fire water tank liquid level from the bus, and processing and judging these data to provide fault alarms and fire protection control. It is also responsible for obtaining synchronous clocks and upgrading control instructions from the bus. The temperature control module is responsible for collecting the chiller's operating status information, temperature information, and water pressure information, and sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus. On the other hand, it obtains the temperature information of the single battery from the bus, processes the data and generates control instructions to control the operating status conversion of the chiller. In addition, it is also used to receive the synchronous clock and upgrade control instructions sent on the bus. The environmental module is responsible for collecting the temperature, humidity, and gas composition or pressure data of the energy storage equipment, and sending the data after its own fault alarm judgment to the bus, while receiving the synchronous clock and upgrade control instructions sent on the bus.

8. The control architecture of the energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are two fire protection modules; the two fire protection modules serve as redundant backup for each other.

Images