Low-voltage high-power solar controller based on parallel Buck circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low-voltage high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit, which comprises a DC-DC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply, an stm32 main control chip and an interleaved parallel buck circuit, the solar controller comprises a plurality of parallel Buck converters, the input end of each Buck converter is electrically connected with the output end of a solar cell panel, and the output end of each Buck converter is electrically connected with the output end of the solar cell panel. The output ends are connected to a battery or a load; each Buck converter is electrically connected to the STM32 main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected with the sampling resistor and the operational amplifier. According to the utility model, under a low-voltage scene, power loss is reduced, stability is enhanced, and enterprises are helped to effectively control cost while large output current is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This technical solution mainly involves the fields of power electronics and power supply control, and specifically a low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit. Background Art

[0002] Solar photovoltaic technology is a clean energy technology that converts solar energy into electricity. With rising environmental awareness and increasing energy demand, solar photovoltaic technology has gained widespread application. In solar photovoltaic systems, solar controllers are key components, regulating and controlling the electricity generated by solar panels to ensure stable power output to the load. Power electronics and power supply control technologies are crucial technical support for realizing the functions of solar controllers. Power electronics primarily utilizes power electronic devices to convert and control electrical energy, while power supply control utilizes control algorithms and circuit design to achieve precise control of the power supply.

[0003] Existing solar controllers primarily use a single-phase buck (Buck) circuit, consisting of a semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistor and an inductor. By switching the MOSFET on and off, they achieve input voltage reduction and output current control. When higher output current is required, a common approach is to replace the DC power supply with a larger power device, such as a larger-capacity MOSFET or Schottky diode, thereby directly increasing the DC power supply's current output capability.

[0004] Existing solar controllers often face some problems when operating at high output currents. First, although the use of higher-power devices can improve the current output capability, it requires extremely high investment costs, which is a burden for companies. Secondly, there is an upper limit to the power that a single semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistor and power diode can withstand, and the channel resistance and DC resistance of the semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistor and diode will increase under such conditions, resulting in increased circuit losses. In addition, existing solar controllers may face stability issues, such as increased voltage ripple, when operating at high output currents. These problems will affect the performance and reliability of solar controllers. Therefore, how to reduce power loss, enhance stability, and effectively control costs while achieving high output currents is a key issue facing current solar controller technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a malicious traffic slicing analysis method based on recursive neural networks to solve the following problems:

[0006] 1. High cost: Existing solar controllers require larger power devices for high output currents, such as larger metal oxide semiconductor field effect (MOSFET) transistors or Schottky diodes, to directly increase the DC power supply's current output capability. However, this requires significant investment, which is a burden for businesses. This technical solution, through a parallel Buck circuit, reduces the requirements for individual switching devices and energy storage components, resulting in lower costs.

[0007] 2. Power loss: Existing solar controllers have a limit on the power a single MOSFET and power diode can withstand at high output currents. Furthermore, the channel resistance and DC resistance of these MOSFETs and diodes increase under these conditions, leading to increased circuit losses. This solution utilizes a parallel Buck circuit to disperse more current, alleviating pressure on each branch, improving circuit stability, and reducing power loss.

[0008] 3. Stability Issues: Existing solar controllers may experience stability issues, such as increased voltage ripple, at high output currents. These issues can affect the performance and reliability of solar controllers. This technical solution utilizes a parallel Buck circuit to increase the switching frequency, reduce voltage ripple, and enhance stability.

[0009] 4. Control Complexity: Existing solar controllers require more complex control algorithms and circuit designs to achieve precise control of the power supply at high output currents. This increases the complexity and cost of the controller. This technical solution simplifies the circuit design and reduces control complexity by using a parallel Buck circuit.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit, comprising a DC-DC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply, an STM32 main control chip, and an interleaved parallel Buck step-down circuit. The solar controller includes multiple parallel Buck converters, the input end of each Buck converter is electrically connected to the output end of the solar panel, and the output end is connected to a battery or a load; each Buck converter is electrically connected to the STM32 main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier.

[0011] Preferably, a semiconductor field effect (MOSFET) transistor and an inductor are arranged in parallel in each branch of the Buck converter.

[0012] Preferably, the STM32 main control chip is connected to the MOSFET switching device of each parallel Buck converter; the STM32 main control chip is electrically connected to the DCDC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the interleaved parallel Buck step-down circuit is electrically connected to the gate driver.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. Significant cost-effectiveness: The parallel Buck circuit of the present invention achieves high-power output by simply connecting existing MOSFETs and inductors in parallel, eliminating the need for replacing higher-power devices. This significantly reduces costs. Furthermore, the staggered switching of the MOSFETs in the parallel circuit increases the switching frequency, minimizing voltage ripple and reducing the need for filter capacitors, further reducing costs.

[0016] 2. Improved Efficiency and Reliability: The parallel Buck circuit of this invention distributes current, reducing stress on each branch and improving circuit stability. Furthermore, the staggered activation of the semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistors in the parallel circuits results in a more balanced operating state for the power devices, reducing losses in individual power devices and improving circuit efficiency and reliability.

[0017] 3. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm: The solar controller of the present invention adopts the STM32 master control and MPPT maximum power algorithm, which can control the switching of metal oxide semiconductor field effect (MOS) transistors in real time to maximize the power output of the solar panel and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0018] 4. Simplified Circuit Design: The solar controller of this invention uses an interleaved parallel buck circuit, which simplifies circuit design and improves system integration and reliability. Furthermore, because the semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in the parallel circuits are turned on in an interleaved manner, circuit control is simpler and easier to implement.

[0019] 5. Wide Applicability: The solar controller of the present invention is suitable for a variety of applications. Whether high efficiency or low ripple is required, both can be achieved by adjusting the number of semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistors in the parallel circuit. In general, the parallel Buck circuit of the present invention offers significant advantages in terms of cost reduction, improved efficiency and reliability, maximum power point tracking, simplified circuit design, and wide applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is the parallel Buck circuit diagram of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a traditional single-phase buck circuit diagram involved in the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a multi-phase staggered parallel connection diagram of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the main application scenarios of the staggered parallel solar controller of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is the interleaved parallel buck step-down circuit of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a special case of this utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of this application and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The following describes in detail the technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The utility model provides a low-voltage and high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit.

[0029] Parallel output is an effective way to increase current output. By connecting multiple DC power supplies in parallel, the current output can be superimposed. While retaining the input and output characteristics of the traditional single-phase Buck circuit, the parallel Buck converter can disperse the output current to each parallel branch, effectively reducing the current stress of each branch device and greatly improving the safety of high current output. At the same time, the parallel Buck circuit (such as Figure 1 ) reduces the requirements for individual switching devices and energy storage devices, resulting in lower costs and higher efficiency and reliability.

[0030] like Figure 2 The figure shows a traditional single-phase buck circuit, in which semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistors and inductors bear most of the power in the entire circuit.

[0031] To increase the current, you need Figure 3 As shown, a multi-phase staggered parallel connection is used to connect a group of semiconductor field effect (MOS) transistors and inductors in parallel in the branch, so that the parallel branch disperses more current, reduces the pressure on each branch, and improves the stability of the circuit.

[0032] like Figure 4The main application scenario of the interleaved parallel solar controller is shown. The energy converted by the solar panel is supplied to the solar controller, and the buck circuit inside the solar controller reduces the voltage of the solar panel to a voltage that can stably and safely power the battery or electrical appliances.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the internal structure of the interleaved parallel high-power buck solar controller consists of a DC-DC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply, an STM32 main control, and an interleaved parallel buck buck circuit. The interleaved parallel buck buck circuit is controlled by a gate driver. The sampling resistor continuously monitors the input current and voltage, and then transmits the information through the operational amplifier to the STM32 MCU. The MCU calculates the current solar panel power using the MPPT maximum power point algorithm. The gate driver controls the switching of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect (MOSFET) transistor in real time to control the input voltage duty cycle. RC filtering is then used to achieve precise control of the charging current and voltage.

[0034] As shown Figure 6 As shown, in specific application scenarios where system ripple requirements are low, high power can be achieved by connecting only one MOSFET in parallel. However, in interleaved parallel control, the MOSFETs in the parallel circuit are staggered, achieving greater efficiency while also having a higher switching frequency. In the output voltage ripple calculation formula (C = load current 1 / (ripple voltage v * frequency), the higher the frequency, the better the capacitor's filtering effect, resulting in lower voltage ripple. Connecting single MOSFETs in parallel can also effectively increase the circuit's power handling capacity and is a reliable method when load power requirements are low.

[0035] Specifically

[0036] Using a parallel Buck circuit. Connecting multiple Buck converters in parallel disperses the output current, reducing the current stress on each branch device and significantly improving the safety of high-current output. Furthermore, the parallel Buck circuit reduces the requirements for individual switching devices and energy storage components, resulting in lower costs and higher efficiency and reliability.

[0037] Interleaved parallel control is employed. By staggering the switching of semiconductor field-effect transistors in parallel circuits, greater efficiency can be achieved while maintaining a higher switching frequency, reducing voltage ripple, and enhancing stability. The gate driver controls the switching of the metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect (MOSFET) transistors to control the duty cycle of the input voltage. RC filtering is then used to precisely control the charging current and voltage.

[0038] The system uses a DCDC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply and an STM32 master controller. The DCDC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply provides stable power support, while the STM32 master controller achieves precise power control, including maximum power algorithm calculation, current and voltage monitoring, and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor switching control.

[0039] Using sampling resistors and operational amplifiers, the input current and voltage are continuously monitored through the sampling resistors and then transmitted to the STM32 MCU through the operational amplifier to achieve precise control of the power supply.

[0040] Adopt RC filtering. Through RC filtering, accurate control of charging current and voltage is achieved, voltage ripple is reduced, and circuit stability is improved.

[0041] Finally, interleave high-power step-down solar controllers in parallel. By interleave high-power step-down solar controllers in parallel, the voltage of the solar panels can be reduced to a voltage that can stably and safely supply power to batteries or electrical appliances, achieving efficient energy conversion and power supply.

[0042] During implementation, the circuit can be adjusted and optimized based on actual conditions. For example, appropriate parameters such as temperature, time, and pressure can be selected, appropriate device types and specifications can be selected, and circuit connections and control algorithms can be adjusted based on actual needs.

[0043] The invention can be widely used in application fields such as power electronics technology, solar photovoltaic technology and power supply control technology.

[0044] In the field of power electronics, the parallel Buck circuit of the present invention can effectively reduce the requirements for individual switching devices and energy storage components, resulting in lower costs and higher efficiency and reliability. This circuit can be widely used in various power electronic devices, such as frequency converters, inverters, and power supplies, and has a broad market demand.

[0045] In the field of solar photovoltaic technology, the interleaved parallel high-power buck solar controller of the present invention can effectively solve the problems faced by the existing technology under high output current conditions, such as increased power loss and decreased stability.

[0046] This controller can be widely used in solar photovoltaic systems, providing a more stable and efficient solution for the energy conversion and supply of solar panels, and has broad market demand.

[0047] In the field of power supply control technology, the technology and method of the present invention can provide a more precise and stable control solution for power supply control. This technology can be widely applied to various power supply devices such as chargers, voltage stabilizers, inverters, etc., and has a broad market demand.

[0048] In general, the technology and method of the present invention have broad application prospects and market demand in the fields of power electronics technology, solar photovoltaic technology, and power supply control technology, and are expected to promote the development and application of related technologies.

[0049] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit, comprising a DC-DC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply, an STM32 main control chip, and an interleaved parallel Buck step-down circuit, characterized in that: The solar controller includes multiple parallel Buck converters, the input end of each Buck converter is electrically connected to the output end of the solar panel, and the output end is connected to a battery or a load; each Buck converter is electrically connected to an STM32 main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier.

2. A low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A semiconductor field effect transistor and an inductor are arranged in parallel in each branch of the Buck converter.

3. A low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The STM32 main control chip is connected to the MOSFET switching device of each parallel Buck converter; the STM32 main control chip is electrically connected to the DCDC synchronous rectification auxiliary power supply.

4. A low-voltage, high-power solar controller based on a parallel Buck circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interleaved parallel Buck step-down circuit is electrically connected to the gate driver.

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