Battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery pack and electric equipment, the battery pack comprises an insulating part, a battery monomer and a supporting part, the supporting part is provided with a receding opening, the receding opening is used for allowing gas of an anti-explosion valve of the battery monomer to pass through, the insulating part at least comprises an annular body part, the annular body part is suitable for extending into the receding opening and shielding the inner wall of the receding opening, and the inner wall of the receding opening is provided with an opening. And the annular body part is made of a positive temperature coefficient material. According to the technical scheme, the insulating part which can be connected to the avoiding opening of the supporting part is arranged, and the material selected by the annular body part comprises the positive temperature coefficient material which can improve the insulating property of the material along with the temperature rise, so that when the battery monomer is subjected to thermal runaway, the insulating property of the material can be improved. And the insulating property of the supporting part at the avoiding opening is improved, so that the safety of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery pack and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] A battery pack is a device used to provide energy to electrical equipment and is a core component of such equipment. The interior of a new energy vehicle's battery pack contains battery cells. The explosion-proof valves of the battery cells are connected to the escape ports of the support components and face the bottom of the vehicle. This ensures that when a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, smoke and other substances are discharged toward the bottom of the vehicle, ensuring the safety of the driver and passengers. In related technologies, when a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the support components themselves have poor insulation properties. The high-temperature conductive material ejected can easily short-circuit with the support components, causing heat spread and resulting in lower safety of the battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a battery pack and an electric device to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the related art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a battery pack, the battery pack comprising an insulating member, a battery cell and a supporting member;

[0005] The support component is provided with an escape hole, and the escape hole is used for allowing the gas of the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell to pass through;

[0006] The insulating member at least includes an annular body portion, which is suitable for extending into the escape opening and shielding the inner wall of the escape opening. In addition, the material used for the annular body portion includes a positive temperature coefficient material.

[0007] Optionally, the material used for the annular body portion is a polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material, or the material used for the annular body portion is a semiconductor ceramic phase change material.

[0008] Optionally, when the temperature of the battery pack is 800 degrees Celsius to 900 degrees Celsius, the resistance of the annular body portion is greater than 550 MΩ.

[0009] Optionally, the thickness of the annular body portion is greater than 0.5 mm.

[0010] Optionally, the insulating member further includes a first flange connected to one axial end of the annular body;

[0011] The first flange is adapted to be disposed between the bottom of the battery cell and the support component, and adapted to be fitted with the upper surface of the support component.

[0012] Optionally, when the battery pack temperature is 25 degrees Celsius to 55 degrees Celsius, the thermal conductivity of the first flange is not less than 2 W / mk.

[0013] Optionally, the distance from the edge of the first flange to the inner wall of the annular body portion is greater than 15 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the insulating member further includes a second flange connected to the other axial end of the annular body;

[0015] The second flange is adapted to fit against the lower surface of the supporting component.

[0016] Optionally, along the axial direction of the annular body portion, at least a portion of the annular body portion is elastic.

[0017] Optionally, along the axial direction of the annular body portion, at least a portion of the annular body portion is configured to be corrugated.

[0018] Optionally, the first flange and the annular body are made of the same material.

[0019] Optionally, the support component includes a support component body and an insulating layer provided on an upper surface of the support component body;

[0020] The insulating layer is not provided on the region of the supporting component corresponding to the first flange.

[0021] Optionally, the supporting component includes a liquid cooling plate located at the bottom of the battery cell, and the avoidance opening is provided on the liquid cooling plate.

[0022] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrical device comprising the battery pack.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, an insulating member that can be connected to the avoidance opening of the support component is provided. The annular main body of the insulating member blocks the inner wall of the avoidance opening, thereby shielding and protecting the inner wall of the avoidance opening. In addition, the material selected for the insulating member is a positive temperature coefficient material, which can improve its own insulation performance as the temperature rises. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the insulation performance of the avoidance opening of the support component is improved, which can prevent the high-temperature conductive material ejected from the battery cell from short-circuiting with the bottom support component, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery pack.

[0024] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following detailed description, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an insulating member provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 is a top view of an insulating member provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view of middle AA;

[0029] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an insulating member provided in another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 is a perspective schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery pack provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B;

[0032] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of a battery pack provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of part C;

[0034] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a support component provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Description of Reference Numerals

[0036] 100. Battery pack, 10. Insulator, 11. Ring-shaped main body, 12. First flange, 13. Second flange, 20. Battery cell, 30. Support component, 31. Avoidance port, 32. Support component body, 40. Explosion-proof valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0038] It should be understood that, in the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "upper" and "lower" are defined based on the drawing directions shown in the corresponding drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, specific directional structure and operation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present disclosure. The terms "inside" and "outside" can refer to the inside and outside of the corresponding structural outline. "First direction" can refer to Figure 4 In the first direction shown, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another and do not have order or importance. In addition, in the description with reference to the drawings, the same number in different drawings represents the same element.

[0039] It should also be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," "connected," and "installed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; and they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections via an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure based on specific circumstances.

[0040] Studies have found that when a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature conductive material that may be ejected can easily short-circuit with the supporting components at the bottom (such as the liquid cooling plate), causing local secondary high-voltage arcing, which can seriously lead to heat spread. In order to avoid the above problems, insulation protection is conventionally performed on the surface of the supporting components. For example, epoxy resin insulation spray is conventionally used. Conventional insulation materials have some inherent defects. For example, under high temperature conditions, their own insulation performance will be greatly reduced. After the insulation of the insulation layer is reduced, short-circuiting is also likely to occur, causing local secondary high-voltage arcing, which may still lead to heat spread.

[0041] In view of this, if Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present disclosure provides a battery pack 100, which includes an insulating member 10, a battery cell 20 and a support component 30. The support component 30 is provided with a bypass port 31, which is used for allowing gas from the explosion-proof valve 40 of the battery cell 20 to pass through. For example, the bypass port 31 is used for allowing high-temperature mixed gas discharged through the explosion-proof valve 40 when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway to pass through. The insulating member 10 includes at least an annular main body 11, which is suitable for extending into the bypass port 31 and covering the inner wall of the bypass port 31, and the material used for the annular main body 11 includes a positive temperature coefficient material.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, an insulating member 10 is provided which can be connected to the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30. The annular main body 11 of the insulating member 10 extends into the avoidance opening 31 and blocks the inner wall of the avoidance opening 31, thereby shielding and protecting the inner wall of the avoidance opening 31. In addition, the material selected for the insulating member 10 includes a positive temperature coefficient material, which can improve its own insulation performance as the temperature rises. In this way, when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the insulation performance at the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30 is improved, which can avoid the short circuit between the high-temperature conductive material ejected from the battery cell 20 and the bottom support component 30, thereby helping to improve the safety of the battery pack.

[0043] In the present disclosure, the annular main body 11 is arranged inside the avoidance opening 31. Since the explosion-proof valve 40 of the battery cell 20 is connected to the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30, when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the ejected high-temperature conductive material will not directly touch the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30, but will directly contact the insulating member 10. Since the insulating member 10 is a positive temperature coefficient material, when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the temperature inside the battery pack 100 rises, and the insulating performance of the insulating member 10 is improved, thereby preventing a short circuit between the battery cell 20 and the bottom support component 30, avoiding local secondary high-voltage arcing, and preventing heat from spreading inside the battery pack 100, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack 100.

[0044] Among them, positive temperature coefficient material refers to positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material, which is a material whose resistance increases as the temperature rises. That is, when the temperature rises, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient material increases significantly, and the insulation performance is improved.

[0045] The material used for the annular body 11 can be entirely positive temperature coefficient material or partially positive temperature coefficient material, as long as the annular body can improve its own insulation performance as the temperature rises. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0046] In this disclosure, the specific arrangement position of the support component 30 is not limited. Figure 5 As shown, the support component 30 may be located at the bottom of the battery cell 20 or at the side of the battery cell 20 , which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0047] Likewise, the present disclosure does not limit the specific structure of the support component 30. Figure 5As shown, the support member 30 may include a liquid cooling plate with the aforementioned avoidance opening 31 . The liquid cooling plate may be disposed at the bottom of the battery cell 20 for exchanging heat with the battery cell 20 , for example, cooling and heating the battery cell 20 .

[0048] The liquid cooling plate can be spaced apart from the bottom guard plate of the battery casing (not shown, which may also belong to the support component 30) to construct an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel can be connected to the exhaust valve on the battery casing (such as the side wall of the battery casing). In this way, when the battery cell 20 suffers thermal runaway, the gas in the battery cell 20 can be discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the explosion-proof valve 40, the avoidance port 31, the exhaust channel and the exhaust valve.

[0049] The outer wall of the annular main body 11 may be attached (adhered or fitted) to the inner wall of the avoidance opening 31 .

[0050] In the present disclosure, the material that can be used for the annular main body 11 is a polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material. Among them, the polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material is a special thermistor material that combines the advantages of a polymer matrix and a conductive filler, and can significantly increase its resistance as the temperature rises. Moreover, before reaching a certain critical temperature, the polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material exhibits a relatively low and stable resistance. Once this critical point is exceeded, the resistance will rise sharply, which helps to quickly cut off the circuit to prevent damage. This feature allows the insulating part 10 to be used normally when the battery pack 100 is relatively stable. The insulating part 10 quickly increases its resistance at the moment when the battery cell 20 experiences thermal runaway to ensure the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0051] In the present disclosure, the material that can be used for the annular main body 11 is a semiconductor ceramic phase change material. Semiconductor ceramic phase change material, that is, a ceramic material with a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, this type of material will undergo a sharp change in resistance when a certain temperature is reached. When the temperature rises to a certain critical value (Curie point or phase transition temperature), the material undergoes a process of transitioning from a conductive state to an insulating state. This process is accompanied by a significant increase in resistance. Near the phase transition temperature, the resistance of the semiconductor ceramic phase change material changes very rapidly with temperature, while it is relatively stable within other temperature ranges. This characteristic allows the insulating part 10 to be used normally when the battery pack 100 is relatively stable. The insulating part 10 quickly increases its resistance at the moment when the battery cell 20 experiences thermal runaway to ensure the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0052] In summary, the material of the insulating element 10 can be a positive temperature coefficient material such as a polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material or a semiconductor ceramic phase change material. The resistivity of the insulating element 10 changes with temperature. At room temperature, the resistivity of these materials is somewhere between that of conductors and insulators. As the temperature rises above a certain threshold, the resistivity increases exponentially, demonstrating excellent insulation performance. Furthermore, due to the inclusion of highly conductive metal, the insulating element 10's inherent thermal conductivity can be improved by approximately 40 times compared to non-metallic insulating materials. This means that the insulating element 10 rapidly increases its resistance at the moment a battery cell 20 experiences thermal runaway, while also exhibiting excellent thermal conductivity, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0053] In the present disclosure, when the battery pack temperature is 800°C to 900°C, the resistance of the annular body 11 is greater than 550MΩ. This ensures that the annular body 11 has a good insulation effect even when the battery cell 20 experiences thermal runaway and the temperature is high.

[0054] In the present disclosure, the thickness of the annular body portion 11 (e.g. Figure 3 The thickness H shown can be greater than 0.5 mm. This configuration ensures that the annular body portion 11 has a certain strength, preventing the annular body portion 11 from being damaged or punctured, thereby exposing the inner sidewall of the avoidance opening 31, thereby avoiding short circuits between the battery cells 20 and the support component 30. In particular, when the material used for the annular body portion 11 is a polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material, or when the material used for the annular body portion 11 is a semiconductor ceramic phase change material, the aforementioned thickness greater than 0.5 mm is particularly effective in preventing short circuits between the battery cells 20 and the support component 30.

[0055] In this disclosure, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the insulating member 10 may further include a first flange 12 connected to one axial end of the annular main portion 11. The first flange 12 is adapted to be positioned between the bottom of the battery cell 20 and the support component 30, and adapted to be in contact with the upper surface of the support component 30. The provision of the first flange 12 ensures insulation between the bottom of the battery cell 20 and the support component 30, and helps prevent short circuits between the upper surface of the support component 30 and the battery cell 20 near the escape opening 31. Furthermore, the provision of the first flange 12 facilitates installation of the insulating member 10 within the escape opening 31.

[0056] In the present disclosure, when the battery pack temperature is between 25°C and 55°C, the thermal conductivity of the first flange 12 is not less than 2W / mk. In this way, the first flange 12 has a good thermal conductivity when the battery pack 100 is in normal use.

[0057] In the present disclosure, the distance from the edge of the first flange 12 to the inner wall of the annular body 11 (e.g. Figure 3 The L) can be greater than 15 mm. This arrangement can ensure the insulation effect between the upper surface of the support component 30 and the battery cell 20 and ensure the reliability of the installation of the insulating member 10.

[0058] The first flange 12 and the support component 30 may be bonded or clamped as described below.

[0059] In this disclosure, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the insulating member 10 may further include a second flange 13 connected to the other axial end of the annular body 11. The second flange 13 is adapted to mate with the lower surface of the support member 30. This arrangement facilitates the fitting of the insulating member 10 onto the escape opening 31, thereby facilitating the stability of the connection between the insulating member 10 and the escape opening 31.

[0060] In the present disclosure, at least a portion of the annular body portion 11 is elastic along its axial direction, allowing the annular body portion 11 to expand and contract in the axial direction. This configuration allows the insulating member 10 to adapt to support members 30 of varying thicknesses and facilitates installation of the insulating member 10.

[0061] In this disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, at least a portion of the annular body portion 11 is configured to be corrugated along its axial direction. This configuration allows the insulating member 10 to adapt to support members 30 of varying thicknesses and facilitates installation of the insulating member 10. The corrugated portion of the annular body portion 11 may also be elastic.

[0062] In the present disclosure, the first flange 12 is perpendicularly connected to the annular body 11, and / or the second flange 13 is perpendicularly connected to the annular body 11. This arrangement facilitates the first flange 12 to mate with the upper surface of the support member 30, and the second flange 13 to mate with the lower surface of the support member 30. When the first flange 12 and the second flange 13 are perpendicular to the annular body 11, the side edges of the insulating member 10 can be formed into an I-shaped shape, facilitating connection of the insulating member 10 to the support member 30.

[0063] In the present disclosure, the first flange 12 and the annular body 11 can be made of the same material. Since the explosion-proof valve 40 of the battery cell 20 is connected to the escape opening 31, highly conductive material ejected from the explosion-proof valve 40 of the battery cell 20 may contact the inner sidewall of the escape opening 31 and the upper surface of the support member 30. Therefore, this arrangement can ensure the insulation effect of the insulating member 10.

[0064] Optionally, the second flange 13 and the annular body 11 may also be made of the same material.

[0065] In some embodiments, the insulating part 10 can be set as an integrally molded structure, that is, the first flange 12, the second flange 13 and the annular main body 11 can all be set to the same material, which facilitates the process of manufacturing the insulating part 10 and can also improve the overall insulation effect of the insulating part 10.

[0066] In some embodiments, the side surface of the insulating member 10 is configured as a slot, which can be snapped onto the avoidance opening 31 of the supporting member 30 to form a layer of protection, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the battery cell 20 can be bonded to the support component 30 by means of a thermally conductive structural adhesive. At the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30, an independent exhaust channel is formed by aligning the bottom of the battery cell 20 with the avoidance opening 31 on the support component 30. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 20, high-temperature gas and other conductive substances will be released from the inside of the battery cell 20. The insulating member 10 of the avoidance opening 31 of the support component 30 will be in a high-resistance state at high temperature, and its resistance can reach the MΩ level, thereby forming a layer of insulation protection for the support component 30 at the avoidance opening 31, which can avoid local high-voltage arcing caused by insulation failure and prevent heat spread.

[0067] In addition, the bottom shell of the battery cell 20 forms a thermally conductive interface with the support component 30 through the thermally conductive structural adhesive, the insulating component 10, and the support component 30. In particular, in the embodiment where the non-metallic insulating layer is not provided in the area corresponding to the first flange 12 on the support component 30, the insulating component 10 replaces the conventionally used non-metallic insulating material (whose thermal conductivity is 0.05W / mk). Since the selected material of the insulating component 10 contains metal, its thermal conductivity can be increased by about 40 times compared with the non-metallic insulating material (whose thermal conductivity is 2W / mk), which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation capacity from the battery cell 20 to the support component 30.

[0068] In the present disclosure, the support component 30 includes a support component body 32 (such as a liquid cooling plate body) and an insulating layer (which may be a non-metallic insulating layer) provided on the upper surface of the support component body 32. The first flange 12 of the insulating member 10 is connected to one end of the annular body portion 11 in the axial direction. The area on the support component 30 corresponding to the first flange 12 is not provided with an insulating layer, that is, in the area where the support component 30 is connected to the first flange 12, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 In the area where the lower surface of the first flange 12 is connected to the upper surface of the support component 30, the support component body 32 is not provided with an insulating layer. Such a configuration can facilitate the installation of the insulating member 10.

[0069] Furthermore, since the insulating layer is often made of non-metallic insulating material with relatively poor thermal conductivity, the insulating member 10 (first flange) and the supporting member body 32 are not coated with an insulating layer in the connected area and are directly bonded together, which can improve the heat transfer performance between the two, thereby helping to improve the thermal conductivity of the battery pack 100.

[0070] The first flange 12 can completely cover the portion of the support component 30 that is not sprayed with the insulating material, thereby forming an insulating seal with the portion of the support component 30 that is sprayed with the insulating layer.

[0071] In this disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, the number of avoidance openings 31 and insulating members 10 can be set to be the same and both can be multiple, with one insulating member 10 disposed at each avoidance opening 31. Providing an insulating member 10 separately at each avoidance opening 31 can prevent the insulating members 10 from affecting each other.

[0072] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an electric device is provided. The electric device includes the above-mentioned battery pack 100. The electric device may further include an electric device body. The battery pack 100 can be used to supply power to the electric device body.

[0073] Here, the electric device may be a vehicle, or any other device suitable for using the battery pack 100 , and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0074] The vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0076] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0077] In addition, the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: The battery pack includes an insulating member, a battery cell and a supporting member; The support component is provided with an escape hole, and the escape hole is used for allowing the gas of the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell to pass through; The insulating member at least includes an annular body portion, which is suitable for extending into the escape opening and shielding the inner wall of the escape opening. In addition, the material used for the annular body portion includes a positive temperature coefficient material.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: The material used for the annular main body is a polymer-based positive temperature coefficient composite material, or the material used for the annular main body is a semiconductor ceramic phase change material.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: When the temperature of the battery pack is 800 degrees Celsius to 900 degrees Celsius, the resistance of the annular body portion is greater than 550 MΩ.

4. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the annular body portion is greater than 0.5 mm.

5. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The insulating member further includes a first flange connected to one axial end of the annular body; The first flange is adapted to be disposed between the bottom of the battery cell and the support component, and adapted to be fitted with the upper surface of the support component.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the battery pack temperature is between 25 degrees Celsius and 55 degrees Celsius, the thermal conductivity of the first flange is not less than 2W / mk.

7. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance from the edge of the first flange to the inner wall of the annular body is greater than 15 mm.

8. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The insulating member further includes a second flange connected to the other end of the annular body portion in the axial direction; The second flange is adapted to fit against the lower surface of the supporting component.

9. The battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that: At least a portion of the annular body portion has elasticity along an axial direction of the annular body portion.

10. The battery pack according to claim 8, wherein: At least a portion of the annular body portion is configured to be corrugated along the axial direction of the annular body portion.

11. The battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first flange and the annular body are made of the same material.

12. The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein: The support component includes a support component body and an insulating layer provided on the upper surface of the support component body; The insulating layer is not provided on the region of the supporting component corresponding to the first flange.

13. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The supporting component includes a liquid cooling plate located at the bottom of the battery cell, and the escape port is provided on the liquid cooling plate.

14. An electrical device, characterized in that: Comprising a battery pack according to any one of claims 1-13.

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