High-temperature superconducting cable and high-temperature superconducting magnet

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-temperature superconducting cable and a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The high-temperature superconducting cable comprises a metal coating layer and a plurality of superconducting sub-cables arranged in an array. The superconducting sub-cable comprises a superconducting conductor extending in the cable extending direction and a heat conduction layer wrapping the periphery of the superconducting conductor, and the periphery of the superconducting conductor is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat conduction layer. A first attaching part and a first gap part are arranged between the outer walls of the heat conduction layers of the adjacent parts of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables, and a second attaching part and a second gap part are arranged between the inner wall of the metal coating layer and the outer wall of the heat conduction layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable. The first gap portion and the second gap portion each form at least one cooling channel. The current of the quenched superconducting sub-cable can be shunted to the heat conduction layer of the adjacent superconducting sub-cable through the heat conduction layer, and the heat conduction layer can exchange heat with the cooling liquid of the cooling channel, so that the temperature of the superconducting sub-cable can be quickly reduced to a superconducting interval, and the cable can be prevented from being burnt down due to quenching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of superconducting cables, and in particular relates to a high-temperature superconducting cable and a high-temperature superconducting magnet. Background Art

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion is one of the key areas of future clean energy. The magnet system is a key component of a magnetic confinement fusion device, with the toroidal field magnets primarily generating a magnetic field to confine plasma motion. Given the long-term operational requirements of future fusion reactors, fusion magnets are all wound with superconducting cables, leveraging the superconducting material's zero electrical resistance at low temperatures to significantly reduce energy losses during operation. Strong magnetic fields can effectively suppress the movement of charged particles perpendicular to magnetic field lines and heat conduction, confining high-temperature plasma within the "cage" formed by the magnetic field, maintaining a safe distance from the container walls and preventing the container material from melting due to the high temperatures. Therefore, future fusion reactors will require superconducting cables with higher currents and superconducting magnets with higher magnetic fields—high-temperature superconducting cables and high-temperature superconducting magnets wound with them.

[0003] Currently, the voltage method is primarily used to detect quenches in larger superconducting cables. However, the propagation speed of quenches in high-temperature superconducting cables is slower than that in low-temperature superconducting cables (such as Nb3Sn and NbTi). Consequently, voltage detection is delayed. By the time a quench is detected, the temperature in the quench region is already very high, and the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable has already burned out. Therefore, high-temperature superconducting cables are susceptible to burnout after a quench.

[0004] In addition, the main method of constructing high-temperature superconducting cables currently used for fusion toroidal field magnets is to embed superconducting tapes (such as yttrium barium copper oxide, YBCO) into spiral grooves on the surface of a circular core rod to form a high-temperature superconducting cable called TSTC. In addition to the disadvantage of being easily burned after quenching, this cable also has disadvantages such as complex preparation process and easy damage to the superconducting material when winding small-diameter magnets. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to solve the problems in the prior art of high-temperature superconducting cables, such as complex preparation process, easy damage to superconducting materials when winding small-caliber magnets, and easy burning after quenching.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model discloses a high-temperature superconducting cable, comprising: a metal cladding layer, and a plurality of superconducting sub-cables arranged in parallel with each other along the extension direction of the cable in the metal cladding layer; wherein the plurality of superconducting sub-cables are arranged in an array in the metal cladding layer; each superconducting sub-cable comprises a superconducting conductor extending along the extension direction of the cable, and a thermally conductive layer coated on the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor, the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor being tightly fitted to the inner wall of the thermally conductive layer; and a first fitting portion and a first gap portion are provided between the outer walls of the thermally conductive layers at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables, the first gap portion forming at least one first cooling channel, and a second fitting portion and a second gap portion are provided between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the outer wall of the thermally conductive layer of the superconducting sub-cable closest to the cable, the second gap portion forming at least one second cooling channel.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-temperature superconducting cable includes a plurality of superconducting sub-cables arranged in an array, the heat-conducting layer of each superconducting sub-cable is coated on the outer periphery of its superconducting conductor, the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the heat-conducting layer, and there are affixed parts and gap parts between the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers of adjacent parts of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables, and between the inner wall of the metal coating layer and the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable, and the gap part forms at least one first cooling channel or at least one second cooling channel, so that the preparation process is simple, the damage to the superconducting conductor is reduced, and when a superconducting sub-cable of the high-temperature superconducting cable is damaged When quenched, the current of the quenched superconducting sub-cable can be shunted to the heat conductive layer of the adjacent superconducting sub-cable via the first bonding portion and the adjacent heat conductive layer, and the shunting area is relatively large. At the same time, the quenched superconducting sub-cable can exchange heat with the coolant in the first cooling channel and / or the second cooling channel through the heat conductive layer, so that the temperature of the quenched superconducting sub-cable can be quickly reduced to the superconducting range, reducing the time it takes for the quenched sub-cable to return from a normal resistance state to a superconducting state, and reducing the peak voltage at the cable end, thereby improving the self-recovery ability after quenching, effectively preventing the high-temperature superconducting cable from being burned due to quenching, and improving the stability of the current in the high-temperature superconducting cable.

[0008] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting cable disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has a cross-sectional outer contour of the thermal conductive layer that is rectangular, and a chamfer is formed at each corner of the rectangle; the middle portions of the outer walls of the thermal conductive layers of adjacent portions of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables are bonded to each other to form a first bonded portion, and a first gap portion is formed between the chamfers of the outer walls of the thermal conductive layers of adjacent portions of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables; the inner wall of the metal cladding and the middle portion of the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable are bonded to each other to form a second bonded portion, and a second gap portion is formed between the inner wall of the metal cladding and the chamfer of the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the cross-sectional outer contour of the heat-conducting layer is rectangular, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the superconducting sub-cable is rectangular, and a chamfer is formed at each corner of the rectangle. In this way, the process for preparing the high-temperature superconducting cable is simple, and it can also better achieve that the middle portions of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers of adjacent parts of two adjacent superconducting sub-cables are in close contact with each other, and the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the middle portion of the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable are in close contact with each other. At the same time, gaps are naturally formed between the chamfers of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers of two adjacent superconducting sub-cables and between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the chamfer of the outer wall of the closest heat-conducting layer, thereby naturally forming a cooling channel.

[0010] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting cable disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has a superconducting conductor formed by alternately stacking multiple high-temperature superconducting tapes and multiple metal tapes perpendicular to the cable extension direction, and the cross-section of the superconducting conductor is rectangular.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple high-temperature superconducting tapes and multiple metal tapes are alternately stacked to form a superconducting conductor, and a thermal conductive layer is wrapped around the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor to form a superconducting sub-cable. In this way, the process of preparing the superconducting sub-cable is simplified and the efficiency of preparing the high-temperature superconducting cable is improved.

[0012] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting cable disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a metal support layer, the metal support layer is coated on the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer, and the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer is tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal support layer.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the structural strength and rigidity of the high-temperature superconducting cable are improved by arranging a metal support layer to cover the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer, so as to ensure that the high-temperature superconducting cable does not deform under the action of electromagnetic force.

[0014] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting cable disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a metal buffer layer, which is wound around the outer periphery of the metal support layer, and the outer periphery of the metal support layer is tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal buffer layer.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a metal buffer layer is wound around the outer periphery of the metal support layer, so that the high-temperature superconducting cable plays a structural buffer role when it is wound into a high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0016] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting cable disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has a cross-sectional outer contour of a rectangle.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the cross-sectional outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting cable is rectangular, and the preparation process is simple when the high-temperature superconducting cable is wound into a magnet, thereby improving the preparation efficiency.

[0018] The utility model also discloses a high-temperature superconducting magnet, comprising: a plurality of the above-mentioned high-temperature superconducting cables, wherein the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged parallel to each other along the extension direction of the magnet; and the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in an array, and the outer walls of the metal cladding layers at adjacent parts of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in close contact with each other.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, a high-temperature superconducting magnet includes a plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables, and the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in an array, and the preparation process is simple. Furthermore, the outer walls of the metal cladding layers at adjacent locations of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in close contact with each other. A contact portion is formed between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer in each high-temperature superconducting cable and the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer of the nearest superconducting sub-cable, i.e., the portions are in close contact with each other. When a superconducting sub-cable of a high-temperature superconducting cable quenches, the current of the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable can be shunted to the thermal conductive layers of the adjacent superconducting sub-cables of the quenched superconducting sub-cable and the thermal conductive layers of the superconducting sub-cables of the adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables. The shunting area is large, which reduces the time it takes for the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable to return from a normal resistance state to a superconducting state, and reduces the peak voltage at the cable ends. This can effectively prevent the high-temperature superconducting magnet from being burned due to the quench, and improve the stability of the current in the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0020] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting magnet disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: an insulating layer, the insulating layer covering the outer periphery of the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the insulation layer is wrapped around the periphery of multiple high-temperature superconducting cables, which can effectively prevent current from leaking to the outside and ensure the safety of the use of high-temperature superconducting magnets.

[0022] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting magnet disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has a cross-sectional outer contour that is rectangular.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the cross-sectional outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting magnet formed by arranging multiple high-temperature superconducting cables in an array is rectangular, which ensures the structural stability of the high-temperature superconducting magnet while simplifying the preparation process.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0025] The utility model provides a high-temperature superconducting cable and a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The high-temperature superconducting cable includes a plurality of superconducting sub-cables arranged in an array. The heat-conducting layer of each superconducting sub-cable is coated on the outer periphery of its superconducting conductor. The outer periphery of the superconducting conductor is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the heat-conducting layer. There are affixed parts and gap parts between the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers of adjacent parts of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables, and between the inner wall of the metal coating layer and the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer of the closest superconducting sub-cable. The gap part forms at least one first cooling channel or at least one second cooling channel. In this way, the preparation process is simple, the damage to the superconducting conductor is reduced, and when a superconducting sub-cable of the high-temperature superconducting cable quenches The current of the quenched superconducting sub-cable can be shunted to the thermal conductive layer of an adjacent superconducting sub-cable via the first bonding portion. Since the quenched superconducting sub-cable is arranged in an array, there are more than one adjacent superconducting sub-cables, so the shunting area is larger. At the same time, the quenched superconducting sub-cable can exchange heat with the coolant in the first cooling channel and / or the second cooling channel through the thermal conductive layer, so that the temperature of the quenched superconducting sub-cable can be quickly reduced to the superconducting range, reducing the time it takes for the quenched sub-cable to return to the superconducting state from a normal resistance state and reducing the peak voltage at the cable end. This can effectively prevent the high-temperature superconducting cable from being burned due to the quench and improve the current stability of the high-temperature superconducting cable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a specific implementation of a high-temperature superconducting cable provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of another specific implementation of a high-temperature superconducting cable provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a specific implementation of a high-temperature superconducting magnet provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of current flow when power is applied to a high-temperature superconducting magnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the current flow in a superconducting sub-cable of a high-temperature superconducting cable of a high-temperature superconducting magnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the superconducting cable fails.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] 1. High-temperature superconducting magnet; 10. High-temperature superconducting cable; 100. Metal cladding layer; 200. Superconducting sub-cable; 210. Superconducting conductor; 220. Thermal conductive layer; 310. First cooling channel; 320. Second cooling channel; 400. Metal support layer; 500. Metal buffer layer; 20. Insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The magnet system is a key component of a magnetic confinement fusion device, where the toroidal field magnets primarily generate a magnetic field to confine plasma motion. Based on the long-term operational requirements of future fusion reactors, fusion magnets are all wound with superconducting cables, leveraging the advantage of superconducting materials having zero electrical resistance at low temperatures to significantly reduce energy losses during operation. Strong magnetic fields can effectively suppress the movement of charged particles perpendicular to magnetic field lines and heat conduction, confining high-temperature plasma in a "cage" formed by the magnetic field, keeping it at a safe distance from the container wall and preventing the container material from melting at high temperatures. Therefore, future fusion reactors will require superconducting cables with higher currents and superconducting magnets with higher magnetic fields, meaning high-temperature superconducting cables and magnets.

[0034] Furthermore, the voltage method is primarily used to detect quenches in superconducting cables. However, since the quench propagation speed of HTS cables is slower than that of low-temperature superconducting cables (such as Nb3Sn and NbTi), voltage detection is delayed. By the time the quench is detected, the temperature in the quench region is already very high, and the HTS cable has already burned out. Therefore, HTS cables are susceptible to burning out after a quench.

[0035] Currently, the main method of constructing high-temperature superconducting cables used in fusion toroidal field magnets is to embed superconducting tape (such as YBCO) into spiral grooves on the surface of a circular core rod, forming a high-temperature superconducting cable called TSTC. In addition to the disadvantage of being easily burned after quenching, this cable also has the disadvantages of complex preparation process and easy damage to the superconducting material when winding small-diameter magnets.

[0036] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a high-temperature superconducting cable and a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The high-temperature superconducting cable includes a high-temperature superconducting conductor, a metal thermal conductive layer, a cooling channel and a metal cladding layer. The high-temperature superconducting conductor is inserted into the metal thermal conductive layer to form a high-temperature superconducting sub-cable. There is a cooling channel on the outside of the metal thermal conductive layer. The periphery of multiple superconducting sub-cables is protected by a metal cladding layer. When the high-temperature superconducting conductor of a sub-cable quenches, its current can be shunted to the metal thermal conductive layer of the adjacent sub-cable. Since the area that can be shunted is greatly increased, the time it takes for the quenched sub-cable to return to the superconducting state from the normal resistance state is reduced. The cable can be quenched and the peak voltage at the cable end is reduced, which improves the self-recovery ability after the quench, effectively preventing the high-temperature superconducting cable from being burned due to the quench. At the same time, the structure of the high-temperature superconducting cable also reduces the proportion of metal materials (such as copper) in the cable support structure, making the high-temperature superconducting cable smaller and cheaper. The preparation process is simple, and the damage to the superconducting material is reduced. The problems of the existing high-temperature superconducting cable, such as the complex preparation process, the easy damage to the superconducting material when winding small-diameter magnets, and the easy burning after the quench, are solved. The stability of the cable current is greatly improved, laying the foundation for the large-scale commercial application of fusion reactors.

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The utility model provides a high temperature superconducting cable, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 includes: a metal cladding layer 100, and a plurality of superconducting sub-cables 200 arranged parallel to each other along the cable extension direction within the metal cladding layer 100; wherein the plurality of superconducting sub-cables 200 are arranged in an array within the metal cladding layer 100; each superconducting sub-cable 200 includes a superconducting conductor 210 extending along the cable extension direction, and a thermal conductive layer 220 covering the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor 210, wherein the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor 210 is tightly adhered to the inner wall of the thermal conductive layer 220; and a first affixed portion and a first gap portion are defined between the outer walls of the thermal conductive layer 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200, wherein the first gap portion forms at least one first cooling channel 310; and a second affixed portion and a second gap portion are defined between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200, wherein the second gap portion forms at least one second cooling channel 320.

[0040] Specifically, the cable extension direction refers to the direction perpendicular to Figure 1The cross-sectional view is shown in the direction of the cross-section. The superconducting conductor 210 is composed of high-temperature superconducting tape and metal tape arranged alternately in a certain ratio along the normal direction of the tape width. The high-temperature superconducting tape and metal tape have the same width and can have the same or different thicknesses. The high-temperature superconducting tape can specifically be yttrium barium copper oxide (Y2O3·BaO·CuO, abbreviated as YBCO) tape. The width of the YBCO high-temperature superconducting tape does not exceed 10 mm and the thickness does not exceed 0.2 mm. The metal tape is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity, typically a relatively low-cost metal such as copper or aluminum. The dimensions of the thermal conductive layer 220 are determined by the thermal performance parameters of the superconducting conductor 210. The thermal conductive layer 220 is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity. A placement hole is provided inside the thermal conductive layer 220, and the superconducting conductor 210 is placed in the placement hole along the wide surface of the tape perpendicular to the extension direction of the cable, so that the thermal conductive layer 220 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor 210. Then, extrusion is performed to ensure that the YBCO high-temperature superconducting tape, the metal tape and the inner wall of the placement hole of the thermal conductive layer 220 are in full contact with each other without gaps, so that the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor 210 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the thermal conductive layer 220, thereby improving the structural strength of the superconducting sub-cable 200, and the preparation process of the superconducting sub-cable 200 is simple.

[0041] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the number of rows and columns in the array of multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 may or may not be equal. The number of superconducting sub-cables 200, the number of rows and columns in the array, and the number of superconducting sub-cables 200 are not specifically limited in this embodiment. The minimum number of superconducting sub-cables 200 in the array can be four, i.e., two rows and two columns. The metal cladding layer 100 can be wound from a metal strip with at least three layers. The metal strip is made of a metal material with high mechanical strength, typically stainless steel, a non-magnetic high-temperature alloy, or the like. After the multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 are arranged in an array, the metal cladding layer 100 is applied to the outer periphery of the multiple superconducting sub-cables 200. Extrusion is then performed to ensure that the outer wall portions of the thermal conductive layers 220 of adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are in full contact, forming a first abutment portion, and the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 is in full contact with the outer wall portion of the thermal conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200, forming a second abutment portion. This simplifies the manufacturing process of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10, minimizing damage to the superconducting material during manufacturing. Furthermore, the structure of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 reduces the proportion of metal materials (e.g., copper) in the cable's support structure, making the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 smaller and more cost-effective. This addresses the complex manufacturing process of existing cables and the tendency for superconducting material damage to occur when winding small-diameter magnets. Furthermore, because the outer walls of the thermally conductive layers 220 of adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are closely attached to each other, when a superconducting conductor 210 of one superconducting sub-cable 200 of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 quenches, the current in the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can be diverted to the thermally conductive layer 220 of the adjacent superconducting sub-cable 200 through the adjacent thermally conductive layer 220, and the diversion area is relatively large. Furthermore, to increase the rigidity of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10, a support structure made of a high-strength metal material and having a certain thickness can be added to the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100. In order to facilitate the winding of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 to form a magnet, a conductive buffer structure may be further wound around the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 .

[0042] It should be further explained that the cross-sectional outer contour of the heat conducting layer 220 of the superconducting sub-cable 200 can be as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rectangle shown may also be a circle, or other regular or irregular shapes, as long as the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are in close contact with each other.

[0043] Specifically, a first gap portion is provided between the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200, and the first gap portion forms at least one first cooling channel 310. That is, at least one first cooling channel 310 is provided between the adjacent heat-conducting layers 220 of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200. In a specific configuration, a first cooling channel 310 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 3 ), in another embodiment, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, two first cooling channels 310 are provided (as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, more first cooling channels 310 may be provided as needed, and the number of first cooling channels 310 provided between any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 may be the same or different. The specific location and cross-sectional shape of the first cooling channels 310 are not specifically limited in this embodiment. A second gap portion is defined between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the outer wall of the thermally conductive layer 220 of the nearest superconducting sub-cable 200. This second gap portion forms at least one second cooling channel 320. Specifically, at least one second cooling channel 320 is provided between the metal cladding layer 100 and each thermally conductive layer 220 of the nearest superconducting sub-cable 200. Similar to the first cooling channels 310, the number, location, and cross-sectional shape of the second cooling channels 320 provided between the metal cladding layer 100 and each thermally conductive layer 220 of the nearest superconducting sub-cable 200 are not specifically limited in this embodiment and will not be further described.

[0044] It should be noted that a coolant flows through the first cooling channel 310 and the second cooling channel 320. The coolant may be liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, or the like. Heat exchange may be performed with the coolant in the adjacent first cooling channel 310 and / or second cooling channel 320 through the heat-conducting layer 220 of the superconducting sub-cable 200, so as to keep the temperature of the superconducting material below its critical temperature (i.e., the superconducting range). Generally, the critical temperature is set to 20K, which means that the operating temperature of the superconducting cable is required to be no higher than 20K. Furthermore, when a superconducting sub-cable 200 of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is quenched, in addition to the current of the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 being shunted to the thermal conductive layer 220 of the adjacent superconducting sub-cable 200 through the adjacent thermal conductive layer 220, the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can also exchange heat with the coolant in the first cooling channel 310 and / or the second cooling channel 320 through the thermal conductive layer 220, so that the temperature of the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can be quickly reduced to the superconducting range, reducing the time it takes for the quenched sub-cable to return to the superconducting state from the normal resistance state, and effectively preventing the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 from being burned due to the quench.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, the cross-sectional outer contour of the heat-conducting layer 220 is rectangular, and a chamfer is formed at each corner of the rectangle; the middle portions of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are bonded to each other to form a first bonded portion, and a first gap portion is formed between the chamfers of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200; the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the middle portion of the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200 are bonded to each other to form a second bonded portion, and a second gap portion is formed between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the chamfer of the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200.

[0046] In this way, the cross-sectional outer contour of the heat-conducting layer 220 is set to a rectangle, and a chamfer is formed at each corner of the rectangle. The process of preparing the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is simple, and it is also possible to better achieve that the middle portions of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 of adjacent portions of two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are in close contact with each other, and the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the middle portion of the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200 are in close contact with each other. At the same time, gaps are naturally formed between the chamfers of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers 220 of two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 and between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the chamfers of the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200, thereby naturally forming a cooling channel.

[0047] Specifically, the cross-sectional outer contour of the heat conducting layer 220 may be rectangular or may be Figure 1 The chamfer of each corner of the square or rectangle shown can be as follows Figure 1 The circular chamfer shown can also be a square chamfer, and this embodiment does not impose any specific limitation.

[0048] like Figure 1As shown, the first gap between the chamfers of the outer wall of the thermally conductive layer 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 forms two first cooling channels 310, and the second gap between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the chamfer of the outer wall of the thermally conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200 forms two second cooling channels 320. Specifically, one first cooling channel 310 is formed between two adjacent chamfers of the thermally conductive layer 220 of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200, and one second cooling channel 320 is formed between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the adjacent chamfer of the thermally conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200. Therefore, four cooling channels are provided at the four chamfered corners of each superconducting sub-cable 200's periphery, improving the heat exchange efficiency between the superconducting sub-cable 200 and the coolant in the cooling channels. This makes it easier to maintain the temperature of each superconducting sub-cable 200 in the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 within the superconducting range. Furthermore, if a superconducting sub-cable 200 experiences a quench, causing the temperature to rise, the temperature of the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can be quickly reduced to the superconducting range. Furthermore, the first cooling channel 310 is naturally formed by two adjacent chamfers of adjacent thermally conductive layers 220, while the second cooling channel 320 is naturally formed by the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the chamfer of the thermally conductive layer 220. This eliminates the need for additional cooling channels, improving the efficiency of manufacturing the high-temperature superconducting cable 10.

[0049] It should be noted that if Figure 1 As shown, a first cooling channel 310 can be formed between four adjacent chamfers of the heat-conducting layers 220 of four adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200, and a second cooling channel 320 can be formed between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and adjacent chamfers of the heat-conducting layers 220 of two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200. In this way, while four cooling channels are provided on the periphery of each superconducting sub-cable 200 to ensure heat exchange efficiency, the number of cooling channels can be reduced, simplifying the structure of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the superconducting conductor 210 is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of high-temperature superconducting tapes and a plurality of metal tapes along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the cable, and the cross-section of the superconducting conductor 210 is rectangular.

[0051] Specifically, the high-temperature superconducting tape can be YBCO high-temperature superconducting tape, and the metal tape is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity, typically relatively low-cost copper or aluminum. By alternately stacking multiple high-temperature superconducting tapes and multiple metal tapes to form the superconducting conductor 210, and then coating the superconducting conductor 210 with a thermally conductive layer 220 to form the superconducting sub-cable 200, the process for manufacturing the superconducting sub-cable 200 is simplified, thereby improving the efficiency of manufacturing the high-temperature superconducting cable 10.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 further includes a metal support layer 400 , which is coated on the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 , and the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 is closely attached to the inner wall of the metal support layer 400 .

[0053] Specifically, the dimensions of the metal support layer 400 are determined by the mechanical properties of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10. Its thickness needs to be significantly greater than that of the metal cladding layer 100, and it is made of a high-mechanical-strength metal material such as stainless steel or a non-magnetic high-temperature alloy. During preparation, the multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 encased in the metal cladding layer 100 are inserted into the metal support layer 400 and then extruded to ensure full contact between the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 and the inner wall of the metal support layer 400, leaving no gaps.

[0054] In this way, by providing the metal support layer 400 to cover the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 , the structural strength and rigidity of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 are improved, ensuring that the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is not easily deformed under the action of electromagnetic force.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 further includes a metal buffer layer 500 , which is wound around the outer periphery of the metal support layer 400 , and the outer periphery of the metal support layer 400 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal buffer layer 500 .

[0056] Specifically, the metal buffer layer 500 is wound with a metal material having high mechanical strength, with the number of winding layers being no less than three. The material is primarily stainless steel, a non-magnetic high-temperature alloy, or the like. The metal buffer layer 500 is wound outside the metal support layer 400 and serves as a structural buffer when the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is wound into a high-temperature superconducting magnet. Furthermore, the metal buffer layer 500 is conductive, and the outer periphery of the metal support layer 400 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal buffer layer 500. When the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is wound into a high-temperature superconducting magnet, the outer walls of the metal buffer layers 500 of adjacent portions of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables 10 are tightly attached to each other. When a quench occurs in the high-temperature superconducting cable 10, the current is not affected by the current being diverted to the metal buffer layer 500 and metal support layer 400 of the adjacent high-temperature superconducting cable 10.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cross-sectional outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is rectangular. This simplifies the manufacturing process when the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is wound into a magnet, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing process of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is as follows: First, the heat-conducting layer 220 is processed into a specified shape, for example, Figure 1 The rectangle shown has four rounded chamfers, and can also be other shapes, and cut out placement holes, for example, the placement holes can be as follows Figure 1 The square hole shown in FIG. 2 is shown; a certain number of high-temperature superconducting tapes and metal tapes are alternately arranged in a certain proportion along the normal direction of the tape width to form a superconducting conductor 210, and inserted into the placement hole of the heat-conducting layer 220; further, the heat-conducting layer 220 is extruded to ensure that the high-temperature superconducting tapes and the metal tapes as well as the superconducting conductor 210 and the inner wall of the placement hole of the heat-conducting layer 220 are in full contact without gaps to maintain a good structural connection; further, multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 are arranged in an array and a metal cladding layer 100 is wound around the outside; finally, the outer winding is Multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 with metal cladding layers 100 are extruded so that the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 is in at least partial full contact with the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200, ensuring that there is no gap at the full contact position. Furthermore, the outer walls of the thermal conductive layers 220 of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200 are in at least partial full contact with each other, ensuring that there is no gap at the full contact position, thereby maintaining a good structural connection. Gaps may be formed at non-contact positions to form cooling channels, thereby forming a high-temperature superconducting cable 10. It should be noted that in this manufacturing process, the metal cladding layer 100 has similar strength and stiffness to the metal support layer 400, thereby ensuring the structural strength and stiffness of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing process of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is as follows: after arranging multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 in an array as described above and then winding a metal cladding layer 100 on the outside, the process also includes the following: the multiple superconducting sub-cables 200 protected by the metal cladding layer 100 are inserted into the metal support layer 400; then, the metal support layer 400 is extruded so that the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 is in full contact with the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200 at least partially and there is no gap at the full contact position and the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer 100 is in full contact with the inner wall of the metal support layer 400 to maintain a good structural connection; finally, a metal buffer layer 500 is wound on the outside of the metal support layer 400 to form the final high-temperature superconducting cable 10. It should be noted that in this manufacturing process, the metal cladding layer 100 is wound by a metal strip with the number of winding layers being not less than 3. The metal strip is made of a metal material with high mechanical strength, generally stainless steel, non-magnetic high-temperature alloy, etc.

[0060] The high-temperature superconducting cable 10 provided by the present invention includes: a plurality of superconducting sub-cables 200 arranged in an array, wherein the thermal conductive layer 220 of each superconducting sub-cable 200 is coated on the outer periphery of its superconducting conductor 210, and the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor 210 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the thermal conductive layer 220, and there are fitted portions and gap portions between the outer walls of the thermal conductive layers 220 at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables 200, and between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer 100 and the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer 220 of the closest superconducting sub-cable 200, and the gap portions form at least one first cooling channel 310 or at least one second cooling channel 320. In this way, the preparation process is simple, the damage of the superconducting conductor 210 is reduced, and when a superconducting sub-cable 200 of the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is quenched, the current of the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can be shunted to the heat conducting layer 220 of the adjacent superconducting sub-cable 200 through the adjacent heat conducting layer 220, and the shunting area is large. At the same time, the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 can exchange heat with the coolant in the first cooling channel 310 and / or the second cooling channel 320 through the heat conducting layer 220, so that the temperature of the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 is reduced. The temperature can be quickly reduced to the superconducting range, reducing the time for the quenched superconducting sub-cable 200 to return to the superconducting state from the normal resistance state and reducing the peak voltage at the cable end, which can effectively prevent the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 from being burned due to the quench. It solves the problems of the existing high-temperature superconducting cable, such as the complex preparation process, easy damage to the superconducting material when winding small-diameter magnets, and easy burning after the quench. It greatly improves the stability of the cable current and lays the foundation for the large-scale commercial application of fusion reactors. It is mainly used in the field of large-current fusion toroidal field magnets above 100kA.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Since the current high-temperature superconducting cables are easily burned after quenching, the high-temperature superconducting magnets wound with superconducting cables also have the problem of being easily burned after quenching.

[0063] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a high temperature superconducting magnet, such as Figure 3 As shown, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 includes: a plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables 10 according to Example 1, wherein the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables 10 are arranged parallel to each other along the extension direction of the magnet; and the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables 10 are arranged in an array, and the outer walls of the metal cladding layers of adjacent parts of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables 10 are arranged in close contact with each other.

[0064] Specifically, the extension direction of the magnet is perpendicular to Figure 3The direction of the cross-sectional view shown. The number of rows and columns of the array of multiple high-temperature superconducting cables 10 can be equal or unequal. The number of high-temperature superconducting cables 10, the number of rows and columns of the array are not specifically limited in this embodiment. The number of high-temperature superconducting cables 10 in the smallest array can be four, that is, two rows and two columns. The multiple high-temperature superconducting cables 10 of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 are arranged in an array, the preparation process is simple, and the current flow after the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 is charged is as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the symbol X represents the direction of the current, which is parallel to the extension direction of the magnet, that is, perpendicular to Figure 4 Direction of cross-section shown.

[0065] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the current flow in a superconducting sub-cable of a high-temperature superconducting cable of a high-temperature superconducting magnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the superconducting current is quenched. The outer walls of the metal cladding layers of adjacent parts of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables 10 are arranged in close contact with each other, and as Figure 5 As shown, when a superconducting sub-cable of a high-temperature superconducting cable 10 quenches, Figure 5 The medium-grey squares represent quenched superconducting sub-cables, which have no current. The current of the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable 10 can be shunted to the thermal conductive layers of the superconducting sub-cables adjacent to the quenched superconducting sub-cable and the thermal conductive layers of the superconducting sub-cables of the adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables 10. Due to the array arrangement, there are more than one adjacent high-temperature superconducting cable 10 to the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable 10, and more than one adjacent superconducting sub-cable to the quenched superconducting sub-cable. Therefore, the area where the current can be shunted is larger, reducing the time it takes for the quenched high-temperature superconducting cable 10 to return to the superconducting state from the normal resistance state and reducing the peak voltage at the cable end. In other words, the ability of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 to recover after a quench is improved, which can effectively prevent the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 from burning out due to the quench and improve the stability of the current in the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 further includes an insulating layer 20, which is wrapped around the outer periphery of the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables 10. This can effectively prevent current from leaking to the outside, ensuring the safety of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1.

[0067] It should be noted that the insulating layer 20 is made of insulating material. In addition, in order to better ensure good structural connection between the multiple high-temperature superconducting cables 10 in the insulating layer 20, a cable sheath can be provided between the insulating layer 20 and the multiple high-temperature superconducting cables 10.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3As shown, the cross-sectional outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 1 is rectangular. This simplifies the manufacturing process when the high-temperature superconducting cable 10 is wound into a magnet, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency.

[0069] It should be noted that, in addition to the implementation methods of the present invention described in the above-mentioned specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present invention will be introduced in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, this does not mean that the features of this utility model are limited to this implementation method. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the utility model in conjunction with the implementation method is to cover other options or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present utility model. In order to provide an in-depth understanding of the present utility model, the following description will contain many specific details. The present utility model can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or blurring the focus of the present utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0070] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0071] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0072] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this embodiment based on specific circumstances.

[0073] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is provided to further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and that the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art may make various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature superconducting cable, characterized in that: include: A metal cladding layer, and a plurality of superconducting sub-cables arranged in parallel with each other in the metal cladding layer along the cable extension direction; wherein, The plurality of superconducting sub-cables are arranged in an array in the metal cladding layer; Each of the superconducting sub-cables includes a superconducting conductor extending along the extension direction of the cable, and a heat-conducting layer covering the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor, wherein the outer periphery of the superconducting conductor is closely attached to the inner wall of the heat-conducting layer; A first fitting portion and a first gap portion are provided between the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables, and the first gap portion forms at least one first cooling channel. A second fitting portion and a second gap portion are provided between the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the outer wall of the heat-conducting layer of the superconducting sub-cable closest to the superconducting sub-cable, and the second gap portion forms at least one second cooling channel.

2. The high-temperature superconducting cable according to claim 1, wherein The cross-sectional outer contour of the heat-conducting layer is rectangular, and each corner of the rectangle is chamfered; The middle portions of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables are bonded to each other to form the first bonded portion, and the first gap portion is formed between the chamfers of the outer walls of the heat-conducting layers at adjacent locations of any two adjacent superconducting sub-cables; The inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the middle portion of the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer of the superconducting sub-cable closest to the superconducting sub-cable are bonded to each other to form the second bonding portion, and the second gap portion is formed between the chamfer of the inner wall of the metal cladding layer and the outer wall of the thermal conductive layer of the superconducting sub-cable closest to the superconducting sub-cable.

3. The high-temperature superconducting cable according to claim 2, wherein: The superconducting conductor is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of high-temperature superconducting tapes and a plurality of metal tapes along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the cable, and the cross section of the superconducting conductor is rectangular.

4. The high-temperature superconducting cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A metal support layer is coated on the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer, and the outer periphery of the metal cladding layer is closely attached to the inner wall of the metal support layer.

5. The high-temperature superconducting cable according to claim 4, wherein: Also includes: A metal buffer layer is wound around the outer periphery of the metal support layer, and the outer periphery of the metal support layer is closely attached to the inner wall of the metal buffer layer.

6. The high-temperature superconducting cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cross-section outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting cable is rectangular.

7. A high-temperature superconducting magnet, characterized in that: include: A plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged parallel to each other along the extension direction of the magnet; and the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in an array, and the outer walls of the metal cladding layers at adjacent portions of any two adjacent high-temperature superconducting cables are arranged in close contact with each other.

8. The high-temperature superconducting magnet according to claim 7, wherein Also includes: An insulating layer is coated on the outer periphery of the plurality of high-temperature superconducting cables.

9. The high-temperature superconducting magnet according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The cross-sectional outer contour of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is rectangular.

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