Energy storage device

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides an energy storage device, the energy storage device comprises at least one energy storage module, each energy storage module comprises a box body, a plurality of batteries and a smoke exhaust assembly, the plurality of batteries are arranged in the box body, each battery comprises a battery box and a plurality of single batteries, each single battery comprises a pressure relief mechanism and an electrode terminal, and the pressure relief mechanism is arranged in the box body. The pressure relief mechanism is arranged on a first wall of the battery monomer, the electrode terminal is arranged on a second wall of the battery monomer, the second wall is different from the first wall, and a first exhaust port is formed in the battery box. And the smoke discharge assembly is communicated with the first exhaust port of each battery and is used for discharging smoke discharged by the plurality of batteries out of the box body. The energy storage device provided by the utility model has relatively high safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, energy storage devices are needed to alleviate the pressure of peak and frequency regulation on the power grid. Among the various energy storage methods, electrochemical energy storage is developing particularly rapidly. However, batteries contain large amounts of organic electrolytes, which pose safety risks when used in battery energy storage devices. For example, when there is a large temperature difference between cells or when overcharge or overdischarge occurs, thermal runaway can occur within the battery. This increases the internal temperature of the battery, causing the organic electrolyte to volatilize and produce large amounts of flammable fumes. In severe cases, this can lead to battery explosion and secondary hazards, compromising the safety performance of the energy storage device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an energy storage device with higher safety in order to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] This application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present application provides an energy storage device, comprising at least one energy storage module, each of which comprises a housing, a plurality of batteries, and a smoke exhaust assembly. The plurality of batteries are disposed within the housing, and each battery comprises a battery housing and a plurality of battery cells. The battery cells comprise a pressure relief mechanism and an electrode terminal. The pressure relief mechanism is disposed on a first wall of the battery cell, and the electrode terminal is disposed on a second wall of the battery cell, the second wall being different from the first wall. The battery housing is provided with a first exhaust port. The smoke exhaust assembly is in communication with the first exhaust port of each battery and is used to discharge smoke exhausted from the plurality of batteries outside the housing. The battery housing comprises an electrical chamber, a collection chamber, and a first isolation component. The plurality of battery cells are housed within the electrical chamber. The first isolation component is used to isolate the electrical chamber from the collection chamber. The first isolation component is provided with a through hole, which is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism. When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, smoke exhausted from the battery cells can enter the collection chamber through the through hole. The first exhaust port is in communication with the collection chamber.

[0006] In the above solution, electrode terminals and pressure relief mechanisms are respectively provided on two different walls of the battery cell, thereby reducing the probability that the flue gas emitted by the battery cell will pass through electronic components such as the electrode terminals when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, reducing the risk of causing electrical hazards, and improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first wall is in contact with the first isolation component.

[0008] In the above solution, the first wall is attached to the first isolation component, thereby reducing the space occupied by the structural components in the battery cell and facilitating the exhaust of smoke by the pressure relief mechanism.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first wall and the second wall are arranged opposite to each other.

[0010] In the above solution, the first wall and the second wall are arranged relative to each other so that the distance between the first wall and the second wall is larger, further reducing the probability of smoke flowing through the electrode terminals when the battery cell discharges smoke outward through the pressure relief mechanism, reducing the risk of causing electrical hazards, and improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the smoke exhaust assembly includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes, the multiple branch pipes correspond one-to-one to the multiple batteries, one end of each of the branch pipes is connected to the first exhaust port of the corresponding battery, and the other end is connected to the main pipe, and one end of the main pipe is connected to the outside of the box.

[0012] In the above scheme, branch pipes are provided to isolate the smoke emission paths of different batteries, thereby reducing the risk of smoke generated by thermal runaway batteries flowing through other batteries and causing adverse effects, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, a smoke exhaust fan and / or a flame arrester is provided at one end of the main duct communicating with the outside of the box.

[0014] In the above scheme, a smoke exhaust fan is provided to improve the efficiency of exhausting smoke, so that negative pressure exists in the branch pipe and the main pipe, preventing smoke from flowing back into the battery, thereby preventing smoke from having a negative impact on normal batteries; the provision of a flame arrester effectively reduces the probability of combustion and backfire accidents, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device; when a smoke exhaust fan and a flame arrester are provided, it is possible to prevent smoke from having a negative impact on normal batteries, and also reduce the probability of combustion and backfire, thereby effectively improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the smoke exhaust assembly includes a second isolation component and a plurality of branch pipes, the second isolation component is used to separate the internal space of the box into a battery cavity and a gas collecting cavity, the plurality of batteries are arranged in the battery cavity, the plurality of branch pipes correspond one-to-one to the plurality of batteries, one end of each of the branch pipes is connected to the first exhaust port of the battery, and the other end is connected to the gas collecting cavity, and a second exhaust port connected to the gas collecting cavity is provided on the box.

[0016] In the above solution, the second isolation component separates a gas collecting cavity in the box body to collect smoke, which can fully utilize the internal space of the box body and improve space utilization.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the second exhaust port is provided with a smoke exhaust fan and / or a flame arrester.

[0018] In the above scheme, a smoke exhaust fan is provided to improve the efficiency of exhausting smoke, so that negative pressure exists in the branch pipe and the gas collecting cavity, preventing smoke from flowing back into the battery, and preventing smoke from having a negative impact on normal batteries; a flame arrester is provided to effectively reduce the probability of combustion and backfire accidents; when a smoke exhaust fan and a flame arrester are provided, it can not only prevent smoke from having a negative impact on normal batteries, but also reduce the probability of combustion and backfire, effectively improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the smoke exhaust assembly further includes a plurality of one-way valves, each branch pipe being provided with a corresponding one-way valve, and the one-way valve being configured to allow the smoke exhausted from the first exhaust port to be discharged unidirectionally to the outside of the box through the smoke exhaust assembly.

[0020] In the above solution, a one-way valve is provided in the branch pipe to increase the rate of smoke emission in the branch pipe. At the same time, the one-way valve effectively prevents smoke from flowing back and affecting other normal batteries, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present application, each of the energy storage modules further includes a sensor and a fire extinguishing mechanism, and the sensor and the fire extinguishing mechanism are arranged in the box body, and the sensor is used to detect the gas state parameters in the box body; the fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box body when the sensor detects that the gas state parameters are abnormal.

[0022] In the above solution, by providing sensors and fire extinguishing mechanisms, when thermal runaway occurs in the batteries in the energy storage module, the sensors can detect the abnormality and promptly control the fire extinguishing mechanisms to carry out fire fighting, so that the energy storage module has an automatic fire fighting function, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage module.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of sensors are provided in the box of each energy storage module, and the fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box when at least two of the sensors detect that the gas state parameters are abnormal.

[0024] In the above solution, multiple sensors are provided in the energy storage module to improve the accuracy of the sensors in monitoring abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway, thereby avoiding false triggering of the fire extinguishing mechanism and improving the stability of the energy storage module.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, each of the energy storage modules further includes a fire extinguishing controller, which is electrically connected to the sensor and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection result of the gas state parameter, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism based on the electrical signal.

[0026] In the above solution, by providing a fire extinguishing controller, the fire extinguishing mechanism is controlled in a targeted manner, thereby improving the accuracy of the fire extinguishing mechanism actuation and improving the stability of the energy storage module.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present application, the energy storage device includes a smoke exhaust main pipe and a plurality of the energy storage modules, the plurality of the energy storage modules are stacked along the direction of gravity, the smoke exhaust components of each of the energy storage modules are respectively connected to the smoke exhaust main pipe, and the smoke exhaust main pipe is arranged outside the box body of the plurality of the energy storage modules.

[0028] In the above solution, multiple energy storage modules are provided to expand the capacity of the energy storage device, and the smoke exhausted from the multiple energy storage modules is guided out through the smoke exhaust main pipe to ensure the safety and versatility of the energy storage device.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present application, the energy storage device also includes a fire extinguishing controller, and multiple energy storage modules share one fire extinguishing controller. The fire extinguishing controller is electrically connected to the sensor and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection result of the gas state parameter, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism according to the electrical signal.

[0030] In the above solution, the fire extinguishing controller simultaneously controls the sensors and fire extinguishing mechanisms of multiple energy storage modules to extinguish fires only for energy storage modules with serious abnormalities according to the specific circumstances of abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway. This avoids unnecessary waste and losses caused by extinguishing normal energy storage modules without abnormalities, thereby improving the fire-fighting efficiency of automatic fire-fighting actions.

[0031] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partially described in the following description, and partially become apparent from the following description or learned through practice of the present application. The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specifically describes the specific implementation methods of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a side cross-section of the energy storage device shown;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a side cross-section of an energy storage device provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a control logic flow chart of the energy storage device of this application.

[0039] Marking instructions: 1000-energy storage device; 2000-energy storage module; 100-box; 110-battery cavity; 120-gas collecting cavity; 200-battery; 210-battery box; 211-electrical cavity; 212-collecting cavity; 213-first isolation component; 214-first exhaust port; 220-battery cell; 221-first wall; 222-second wall; 223-pressure relief mechanism; 224-electrode terminal; 300-smoke exhaust assembly; 310-main pipe; 320-branch pipe; 330-smoke exhaust fan; 340-flame arrester; 350-second isolation component; 360-check valve; 400-support foot; 500-sensor; 600-smoke exhaust main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0043] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces), unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0047] The term "multiple" in this application refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0048] In this application, the battery referred to herein refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery referred to in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.

[0049] A battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator. A battery cell primarily operates by the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer. The positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the current collector uncoated with the positive active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab. For lithium-ion batteries, for example, the positive electrode current collector can be made of aluminum, and the positive active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganese oxide. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer. The negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the current collector uncoated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab. The negative electrode current collector can be made of copper, and the negative active material can be carbon or silicon, among others. To ensure that high currents can be passed without melting, multiple positive electrode tabs are stacked, and multiple negative electrode tabs are stacked. The material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).

[0050] The development of battery technology must take into account multiple design factors at the same time, such as energy density, discharge capacity, charge and discharge rate and other performance parameters. In addition, the assembly efficiency of the battery also needs to be considered.

[0051] An energy storage device is a power supply device used to power large-scale electrical equipment. In most application scenarios, the energy storage device does not need to be moved. Therefore, the batteries in the energy storage device do not often have high requirements for energy density, but need to adjust different power densities according to different energy storage scenarios. For power peak shaving, off-grid photovoltaic energy storage, or user-side peak-valley price difference energy storage scenarios, the energy storage battery is generally required to continuously charge or discharge for more than two hours, so a capacity battery with a charge and discharge rate of ≤0.5C is suitable. For power frequency regulation or energy storage scenarios that smooth out fluctuations in renewable energy, the energy storage battery needs to be charged and discharged rapidly in time periods of seconds to minutes, so it is suitable for the application of power batteries with a rate of ≥2C.

[0052] The inventors noticed that the energy storage device generates a large amount of heat during use, which also leads to safety hazards of the energy storage device. When the temperature uniformity between multiple batteries is poor or the battery is overcharged or over-discharged, the internal battery will cause local smoke or even fire due to thermal runaway. Since the existing energy storage device does not provide a corresponding directional smoke exhaust system, the high-temperature combustible smoke generated by the battery due to thermal runaway cannot be discharged in a direction. Therefore, the high-temperature combustible smoke is either accumulated inside the battery case or discharged into the energy storage device through the explosion-proof valve of the battery case. When the high-temperature combustible smoke accumulates inside the battery case, due to the limited strength of the case, it will cause the battery case to explode. When the high-temperature combustible smoke is directly discharged into the energy storage device, the high-temperature combustible smoke will impact the surrounding normally operating battery cases, destroy the originally normal batteries, and in serious cases cause secondary hazards.

[0053] To address the problem of directional exhaust of high-temperature, flammable fumes within battery enclosures, existing technologies typically design dedicated exhaust assemblies for each battery enclosure within an energy storage device. These assemblies, through the provision of corresponding guide assemblies, direct the high-temperature, flammable fumes within the battery enclosures into the corresponding exhaust assemblies, which then exhaust them to the outside of the energy storage device. This allows the fumes to be discharged to the outside of the energy storage device through the exhaust assemblies connected to the corresponding battery enclosures when thermal runaway occurs. This prevents the fumes from accumulating within the battery enclosures and potentially exploding, nor does it spread from the battery enclosures into the energy storage device, potentially causing secondary hazards. This improves the safety of the energy storage device.

[0054] However, this approach still has drawbacks. Battery cells are equipped with pressure relief mechanisms for exhausting flue gases. In the prior art, these mechanisms are typically located on the top wall of the battery cell, where other electrical components are also located. Therefore, when flue gases generated within the battery cell are discharged from the cell via the pressure relief mechanism, they flow through electrical components on the top wall, such as electrode terminals and busbars. Because the flue gases contain complex components, including but not limited to combustible gases and electrolyte vapor, they pose electrical hazards such as high-voltage breakdown, ignition failure, and short circuits as they pass through electrical components.

[0055] In view of this, in order to solve the safety problems existing in the above-mentioned energy storage device, the inventors have designed a technical solution after in-depth research. By separating the electrode terminals and the pressure relief mechanism, the probability of flue gas flowing through the electrode terminals during discharge from the pressure relief mechanism is reduced, the risk of causing electrical hazards is reduced, and the safety of the energy storage device is improved.

[0056] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of the side cross-section of the energy storage device shown. An embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage device 1000, which includes at least one energy storage module 2000. Each energy storage module 2000 includes a housing 100, a plurality of batteries 200, and a smoke exhaust assembly 300. A plurality of batteries 200 are arranged in the housing 100, and each battery 200 includes a battery box 210 and a plurality of battery cells 220. The battery cells 220 include a pressure relief mechanism 223 and an electrode terminal 224. The pressure relief mechanism 223 is arranged on the first wall 221 of the battery cell 220, and the electrode terminal 224 is arranged on the second wall 222 of the battery cell 220. The second wall 222 is different from the first wall 221. The battery box 210 is provided with a first exhaust port 214. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 of each battery 200 and is used to discharge the smoke exhausted by the plurality of batteries 200 to the outside of the housing 100.

[0057] Among them, the battery box 210 includes an electrical chamber 211, a collection chamber 212 and a first isolation component 213. Multiple battery cells 220 are accommodated in the electrical chamber 211. The first isolation component 213 is used to isolate the electrical chamber 211 from the collection chamber 212. The first isolation component 213 is provided with a through hole (not shown in the figure). The through hole is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 223. When the pressure relief mechanism 223 is actuated, the smoke discharged from the battery cell 220 can enter the collection chamber 212 through the through hole, and the first exhaust port 214 is connected to the collection chamber 212.

[0058] In this embodiment, energy storage module 2000 can be a power station valve tower, used to provide power to electrical equipment. The valve tower can adopt a container structure, and support feet 400 are provided at the bottom of the valve tower to prevent the bottom surface of the valve tower from directly contacting the ground. This makes the valve tower's working environment cleaner and tidier, reducing interference from the external environment. At the same time, the bottom surface of the valve tower is exposed to the air, increasing the area for heat exchange between the valve tower and the air, thereby improving the valve tower's cooling performance. The internal space of the valve tower can also be called a valve hall.

[0059] Battery 200 includes a battery case 210 and battery cells 220, with battery cells 220 housed within the battery case 210. The battery case 210 provides space for the battery cells 220 and can have various structures. In some embodiments, the battery case 210 can include a structure with upper and lower covers or a hollow structure with side openings.

[0060] In the battery 200, there may be multiple battery cells 220, and the multiple battery cells 220 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection. A hybrid connection refers to a combination of series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells 220. The multiple battery cells 220 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, and then the entire battery cell 220 may be housed within the battery case 210. Alternatively, the battery 200 may be constructed by first connecting multiple battery cells 220 in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery module, which is then connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a complete battery module, and then housed within the battery case 210. The battery 200 may also include other structures, such as a busbar assembly for electrically connecting the multiple battery cells 220.

[0061] The battery cell 220 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; the battery cell 220 may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] The pressure relief mechanism 223 is located on the first wall 221 of the battery cell 220 and is used to discharge the fumes within the battery cell 220 out of the battery cell 220. The first wall 221 is one of the walls of the battery cell 220. The electrode terminal 224 is located on the second wall 222 of the battery cell 220 and is used to electrically connect the battery cell 220 to other battery cells 220 or electrical components. The second wall 222 is distinct from the first wall 221 and is a different wall of the battery cell 220.

[0063] The smoke exhaust assembly 300 is connected to the first exhaust ports 214 of multiple battery boxes 210. The pressure relief mechanism 223 in each battery 200 discharges the smoke within each battery cell 220 to the first exhaust port 214. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 then exhausts the smoke outside the box 100. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 is used to combine the smoke exhausted from multiple batteries 200 and discharge it to the outside environment.

[0064] The electrical cavity 211 is a portion of the space within the battery case 210 that houses multiple battery cells 220. The battery cells 220 are tightly packed together within the electrical cavity 211 to fully utilize the internal space and increase the energy density of the battery 200. The shape of the battery cavity 210 can be determined based on the number of battery cells 220 and other components required to be accommodated, thereby avoiding wasted space. Because the battery cells 220 within the electrical cavity 211 are electrically connected to generate a higher voltage output, the electrical cavity 211 is also referred to as a high-voltage cavity.

[0065] The collection chamber 212 is a portion of the space within the battery case 210, adjacent to the electrical chamber 211. A first exhaust port 214 is connected to the collection chamber 212, and a pressure relief mechanism 223 is positioned toward the first isolation member 213, discharging smoke into the collection chamber 212 for further exhaust through the first exhaust port 214 and the smoke exhaust assembly 300. Because the collection chamber 212 lacks electrical connections to the voltage output terminals, it functions as a low-pressure chamber, as opposed to a high-pressure chamber.

[0066] The first isolation component 213 is disposed within the battery case 210. In this embodiment, the first isolation component 213 is a plate-shaped structure, dividing the interior of the battery case 210 into an upper electrical chamber 211 and a lower collection chamber 212. The electrical chamber 211 houses multiple battery cells 220, and the isolation component provides support for these cells. The material of the first isolation component 213 is selected to secure and protect the battery cells 220. This application does not restrict the material of the first isolation component 213, nor does it restrict whether the isolation component and the battery case 210 are made of the same material. The first isolation component 213 is provided with a through-hole, which is positioned opposite the pressure relief mechanism 223 in the battery cell 220. This allows the pressure relief mechanism 223 to discharge smoke into the collection chamber 212 through the through-hole when activated. The first isolation component 213 can be integrally formed with the battery case 210 or secured to the battery case 210 through a subsequent process. The specific design of the first isolation component 213 is determined based on a combination of factors, including material, process, and production flow.

[0067] In this embodiment, the electrode terminals 224 and the pressure relief mechanism 223 are respectively provided on two different walls of the battery 200, thereby reducing the probability that the flue gas emitted by the battery cell 220 passes through electrical components such as the electrode terminal 224 in the other direction when the pressure relief mechanism 223 is actuated, reducing the risk of causing electrical hazards, and improving the safety of the energy storage device 1000.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first wall 221 is in contact with the first isolation member 213 .

[0069] The first wall 221 and the first isolation member 213 are in contact with each other in that the surface of the first wall 221 facing the first isolation member 213 is in contact with the surface of the first isolation member 213 facing the first wall 221 .

[0070] In this embodiment, the first wall 221 can be the bottom surface of the battery cell 220, which is attached to the first isolation component 213. The pressure relief mechanism 223 discharges the flue gas in the battery cell 220 into the collection chamber 212 after passing through the first wall 221 and the first isolation component 213 in sequence.

[0071] In this embodiment, the first wall 221 is attached to the first isolation component 213 , thereby reducing the space occupied by structural components such as the wall surface, and facilitating the exhaust of smoke by the pressure relief mechanism 223 .

[0072] In one embodiment, the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 are disposed opposite to each other.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first wall 221 can be the bottom surface of the battery cell. Therefore, the second wall 222 arranged relative to the first wall 221 can be the top surface. Accordingly, the electrode terminal 224 is arranged at the top of the battery cell 220, and electrical components such as the bus bar connecting each battery cell 220 are also arranged at the top of the electrical cavity 211.

[0074] When the battery cell 220 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 are arranged relative to each other, so that the distance between the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 can be maximized, further reducing the probability of smoke leaking to the electrode terminal 224 when the battery cell 220 draws smoke outward, reducing the risk of causing electrical hazards, and improving the safety of the energy storage device 1000.

[0075] In one embodiment, the smoke exhaust assembly 300 includes a main pipe 310 and multiple branch pipes 320, and the multiple branch pipes 320 correspond one-to-one to the multiple batteries 200. One end of each branch pipe 320 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 of the corresponding battery 200, and the other end is connected to the main pipe 310. One end of the main pipe 310 is connected to the outside of the box 100.

[0076] Each branch pipe 320 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 on the battery box 210 of a battery 200 at one end and to the main pipe 310 at the other end. This directs the smoke from each battery cell 220 and converges it into the main pipe 310, which then exhausts the smoke. The main pipe 310 gathers the smoke from each branch pipe 320. In this embodiment, there are a large number of batteries 200, with multiple batteries closely arranged in both the vertical and horizontal directions. Therefore, the branch pipes 320 can be connected to multiple first exhaust ports 214 simultaneously and then converged into the main pipe 310 in stages, achieving independent exhaust paths for each battery cell 200.

[0077] In this embodiment, the branch pipes 320 are provided to isolate the smoke exhaust paths of different batteries 200 , thereby preventing smoke generated by a thermal runaway battery 200 from entering other batteries 200 and causing adverse effects, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device 1000 .

[0078] In one embodiment, a smoke exhaust fan 330 and / or a flame arrester 340 is provided at one end of the main duct 310 communicating with the outside of the box 100 .

[0079] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a structural diagram of an energy storage device 1000 provided in another embodiment of the present application. The main pipe 310 is provided at one end outside the box 100, and a smoke exhaust fan 330 can be provided at the port to improve the efficiency of exhausting smoke outward. The smoke exhaust fan 330 is a device that converts mechanical energy into gas pressure energy and kinetic energy through rotation, and is used to transport the gas in the main pipe 310 to the outside. The specific structure of the smoke exhaust fan 330 includes but is not limited to power devices such as ventilators, blowers, and impellers, in order to achieve the purpose of driving the unidirectional flow of smoke. While exhausting the smoke, the smoke exhaust fan 330 will reduce the air pressure in the main pipe 310 and the branch pipe 320, so that the smoke in the smoke exhaust component 300 has a tendency to dissipate outward, thereby preventing the smoke from flowing back and affecting the battery 200 without abnormalities.

[0080] Please continue reading Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the energy storage device 1000 provided in one embodiment of the present application. A flame arrester 340 can also be provided at the end of the main pipeline 310 outside the box 100. The flame arrester 340 is a safety device installed in the combustible gas pipeline, which can prevent the spread of flames caused by the combustion of flammable gases and liquid vapors by quickly lowering the temperature of the combustibles. The flame arrester in this application adopts the existing technology, so it will not be described in detail here. Since the flue gas contains combustible gases, if the battery 200 burns during thermal runaway, the combustible gas is ignited, and the gas flame will quickly spread to the entire pipe network where the flue gas is located. The setting of the flame arrester 340 can effectively prevent the spread of combustion and reduce the scope of the hazard.

[0081] In the above embodiment, the smoke exhaust fan 330 is provided to improve the efficiency of exhausting the smoke, so that a negative pressure exists in the branch pipe 320 and the main pipe 310 to prevent the smoke from flowing back into the battery 200. The flame arrester 340 is provided to effectively reduce the probability of combustion and backfire accidents. The two together improve the safety of the energy storage device 1000.

[0082] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a side cross-section of an energy storage device 1000 is provided as another embodiment of the present application. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 includes a second isolation component 350 and a plurality of branch pipes 320. The second isolation component 350 is used to separate the internal space of the box body 100 into a battery cavity 110 and a gas collecting cavity 120. A plurality of batteries 200 are arranged in the battery cavity 110. The plurality of branch pipes 320 correspond one-to-one to the plurality of batteries 200. One end of each branch pipe 320 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 of the battery 200, and the other end is connected to the gas collecting cavity 120. A second exhaust port (not shown) connected to the gas collecting cavity 120 is provided on the box body 100.

[0083] In this embodiment, the second isolation member 350 is in the shape of a plate and is used to divide the internal space of the box body 100 into a battery chamber 110 and a gas collecting chamber 120 arranged laterally. Figure 4 As shown, the battery chamber 110 is on the left and the plenum chamber 120 is on the right. A second isolation member 350 is vertically arranged to separate the battery chamber 110 from the plenum chamber 120, thereby preventing air from flowing between the two chambers. Branch pipes 320 are arranged horizontally. One end of each branch pipe 320 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 on the battery box 210 of a battery 200, and the other end is connected to the sidewall of the plenum chamber 120, thereby discharging and collecting the smoke within the plenum chamber 120. The plenum chamber 120 collects the smoke transported through the branch pipes 320 and then discharges the smoke to the outside environment through the second exhaust port.

[0084] Compared with the main pipe 310, the second isolation component 350 has a simple structure, and separates a gas collecting chamber 120 on one side of the box body 100. The gas collecting chamber 120 can play the same function of collecting the smoke discharged by the branch pipe 320 as the main pipe 310. This can simplify the structure and reduce manufacturing costs, while making full use of the side wall structure of the box body 100 to improve space utilization.

[0085] In one embodiment, the second exhaust port is provided with a smoke exhaust fan 330 and / or a flame arrester 340 .

[0086] A smoke exhaust fan 330 can be installed at the second exhaust port to improve the efficiency of exhausting smoke. The smoke exhaust fan 330 is a device that converts mechanical energy into gas pressure energy and kinetic energy through rotation. It is used to transport the gas in the main pipeline 310 to the outside. The specific structure of the smoke exhaust fan 330 includes but is not limited to power devices such as ventilators, blowers, and impellers, so as to achieve the purpose of driving the unidirectional flow of smoke. While extracting smoke, the smoke exhaust fan 330 will reduce the air pressure in the gas collecting chamber 120 and the branch pipe 320, causing the smoke in the smoke exhaust assembly 300 to have a tendency to dissipate outward, thereby preventing smoke backflow and adverse effects on batteries 200 without abnormalities.

[0087] A flame arrester 340 can also be provided at the second exhaust port. Flame arrester 340 is a safety device installed in the combustible gas pipeline. It can prevent the spread of flames caused by the combustion of flammable gases and liquid vapors by quickly reducing the temperature of the combustibles. Flame arrester 340 is a prior art, and this application does not provide a detailed introduction to its structure and principle. Because the flue gas contains combustible gases, if combustion occurs during thermal runaway of battery 200, the combustible gases will be ignited, and the gas flame will quickly spread to the entire pipe network where the flue gas is located. The provision of flame arrester 340 can effectively prevent the spread of combustion and reduce the scope of the hazard.

[0088] In the above embodiment, the smoke exhaust fan 330 is provided to improve the efficiency of exhausting the smoke, so that a negative pressure exists in the branch pipe 320 and the gas collecting chamber 120 to prevent the smoke from flowing back into the battery 200. The flame arrester 340 is provided to effectively reduce the probability of combustion and backfire accidents. The two together improve the safety of the energy storage device 1000.

[0089] In one embodiment, the smoke exhaust assembly 300 further includes a plurality of one-way valves 360 , each branch pipe 320 is correspondingly provided with a one-way valve 360 ​​, and the one-way valve 360 ​​is configured to allow the smoke exhausted from the first exhaust port 214 to be discharged unidirectionally to the outside of the box 100 through the smoke exhaust assembly 300 .

[0090] The one-way valve 360 ​​has a one-way exhaust function. The one-way valve 360 ​​is installed in the branch pipe 320 so that the smoke exhaust process only moves in the exhaust direction, preventing smoke backflow and affecting the battery 200 and high-voltage components. In this embodiment, the one-way valve 360 ​​is installed at one end of the branch pipe 320 close to the main pipe 310, so that the connection between the branch pipe 320 and the first exhaust port 214 is located on the inlet side of the one-way valve 360. In this way, when the one-way valve 360 ​​is activated, all collection chambers 212 connected to the branch pipe 320 can be sucked, preventing the collection chamber 212 located on the outlet side of the one-way valve 360 ​​from being affected by the smoke discharged from other collection chambers 212.

[0091] In this embodiment, a one-way valve 360 ​​is provided in the branch pipe 320 to increase the rate of smoke emission in the branch pipe 320 . At the same time, the one-way valve 360 ​​effectively prevents smoke from flowing back and affecting other normal batteries 200 , thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device 1000 .

[0092] In one embodiment, each energy storage module 2000 further includes a sensor 500 and a fire extinguishing mechanism (not shown). The sensor 500 and the fire extinguishing mechanism are disposed in the box 100. The sensor 500 is used to detect the gas state parameters in the box 100. The fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box 100 when the sensor 500 detects that the gas state parameters are abnormal.

[0093] The sensor 500 and the fire extinguishing mechanism are located within the energy storage module 2000, targeting the space within the energy storage module 2000, i.e., the valve hall. The sensor 500 can be a temperature detector, a smoke detector, a gas detector, or other types of detectors to monitor the gas state within the valve hall, where the gas state can include parameters such as the temperature of the gas, the concentration of smoke or specific hazardous gases. The gas detector can detect the content of hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. When the concentration of the monitored hazardous gas reaches a preset value, the gas detector will issue an alarm signal. The sensor 500 is located at the top of the valve hall. In this way, when the battery 200 experiences thermal runaway, the smoke generated is more likely to gather at the top of the valve hall due to the high temperature and the low density of the hazardous gas itself. Therefore, placing the sensor 500 at the top of the valve hall can more accurately detect changes in the gas state.

[0094] The fire extinguishing mechanism is arranged in the valve hall and performs corresponding actions according to the detection results of the sensor 500. The fire extinguishing mechanism is a mechanism that can suppress or extinguish phenomena such as combustion and open flames. The fire extinguishing mechanism in this application includes a connected nozzle, a fire extinguishing agent container and a power part (such as a pump, etc.). The fire extinguishing agent container contains a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing fire, and the power part is used to deliver the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzle and spray it out to spray the fire extinguishing agent to the possible fire source. The fire extinguishing agent includes but is not limited to one or more of aerosols, perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane and / or inert gas to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. This application does not limit the selection of fire extinguishing agents and the structure of the fire extinguishing mechanism.

[0095] In this embodiment, by providing a sensor 500 and a fire extinguishing mechanism, when thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage module 2000, the sensor 500 can detect the abnormality and promptly control the fire extinguishing mechanism to carry out fire fighting, so that the energy storage module 2000 has an automatic fire fighting function, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage module 2000.

[0096] In this embodiment, the smoke exhaust component 300 can be regarded as the first level fire protection measure, and the sensor 500 and the fire extinguishing mechanism are regarded as the second level fire protection measure. The smoke exhaust component 300 is used to guide the smoke in the thermal runaway battery cell 220 to the outside of the energy storage device 1000, and plays the first level fire protection function under the thermal runaway state. When the thermal runaway situation further expands and worsens, the pipes and cavities of the smoke exhaust component 300 or the battery box 210 may rupture under high temperature, high pressure or combustion conditions, and the smoke will escape into other spaces inside the energy storage module 2000 (i.e., the valve hall). At this time, the first level fire protection function no longer works, and the sensor 500 detects the smoke and the fire extinguishing mechanism performs a fire extinguishing action according to the detection results, playing the second level fire protection function. The two-stage fire protection design effectively improves the safety and automatic fire protection capability of the energy storage device 1000.

[0097] In one embodiment, a plurality of sensors 500 are provided in the box 100 of each energy storage module 2000 , and the fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box 100 when at least two sensors 500 detect abnormal gas state parameters.

[0098] Multiple sensors 500 are provided to more accurately detect smoke leaks, ensuring that the fire extinguishing mechanism is activated only after the first-level firefighting system fails to control thermal runaway and the smoke exhaust assembly 300 has ruptured. The multiple sensors 500 in this application can be of the same type or different types. The fire extinguishing mechanism activates when at least two sensors 500 detect parameter anomalies, preventing malfunctions due to sensor 500 failures and potential damage to the normally functioning battery 200, ensuring that the mechanism activates only in the event of severe thermal runaway.

[0099] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a control logic flow chart of the energy storage device of this application. When one sensor 500 detects an abnormality and alarms, the fire extinguishing controller receives the alarm signal and sends a signal to the battery control system. At this time, neither the fire extinguishing controller nor the battery control system operates. When two or more sensors 500 detect an abnormality and alarm, the fire extinguishing controller receives the alarm signal, controls the fire extinguishing mechanism to extinguish the fire, and sends a signal to the battery control system. After receiving the signal, the battery control system cuts off the power to the battery 200 and reduces the high voltage to prevent the battery 200 from continuing to operate in the high-voltage state and expanding the scope of the disaster.

[0100] In this embodiment, multiple sensors 500 are provided in the energy storage module 2000 to improve the accuracy of the sensors 500 in monitoring abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway, thereby avoiding false triggering of the fire extinguishing mechanism and improving the stability of the energy storage module 2000.

[0101] In one embodiment, each energy storage module 2000 further includes a fire extinguishing controller (not shown), which is electrically connected to the sensor 500 and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor 500 sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection results of the gas state parameters, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism based on the electrical signal.

[0102] Since there are more than one sensor 500, a fire extinguishing controller can be provided to comprehensively analyze and process the signals from multiple sensors 500, controlling the fire extinguishing mechanism based on actual conditions and pre-set logic. The fire extinguishing controller can be a signal processing system configured to receive electrical signals from the sensors 500 and simultaneously generate electrical signals to control the fire extinguishing mechanism. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing controller is electrically connected to the battery control system to signal the battery control system to disconnect the battery 200 in the event of thermal runaway, preventing further damage.

[0103] In the above solution, by providing a fire extinguishing controller, the fire extinguishing mechanism is controlled in a targeted manner, thereby improving the accuracy of the actuation of the fire extinguishing mechanism and improving the stability of the energy storage module 2000.

[0104] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of an energy storage device 1000 provided in another embodiment of the present application. The energy storage device 1000 includes a smoke exhaust main pipe 600 and multiple energy storage modules 2000. The multiple energy storage modules 2000 are stacked along the direction of gravity. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 of each energy storage module 2000 is respectively connected to the smoke exhaust main pipe 600, and the smoke exhaust main pipe 600 is arranged outside the box 100 of the multiple energy storage modules 2000.

[0105] The energy storage device 1000 may include multiple energy storage modules 2000. In this embodiment, there are three stacked energy storage modules 2000. The ends of the smoke exhaust components 300 of each energy storage module 2000 are connected to the smoke exhaust main pipe 600, and the smoke is refluxed through the smoke exhaust main pipe 600 and discharged to the outside. Multiple stacked energy storage modules 2000 can add more batteries 200 within a limited space to improve output power and energy storage efficiency. Each energy storage module 2000 is provided with support legs 400, so that a certain distance is maintained between adjacent energy storage modules 2000 above and below, ensuring each energy storage module 2000 has its own working environment and reducing the probability of mutual influence.

[0106] In this embodiment, multiple energy storage modules 2000 are provided to expand the capacity of the energy storage device 1000 . At the same time, the smoke exhausted from the multiple energy storage modules 2000 is discharged through the smoke exhaust main pipe 600 to ensure the safety and versatility of the energy storage device 1000 .

[0107] In one embodiment, the energy storage device 1000 further includes a fire extinguishing controller. Multiple energy storage modules 2000 share one fire extinguishing controller. The fire extinguishing controller is electrically connected to the sensor 500 and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor 500 sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection results of the gas state parameters, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism based on the electrical signal.

[0108] In this embodiment, the three energy storage modules 2000 are connected to a common fire extinguishing controller. The sensors 500 and fire extinguishing mechanisms in each energy storage module 2000 are separately connected to the fire extinguishing controller. The fire extinguishing controller receives detection results from each sensor 500 and controls the fire extinguishing mechanisms to initiate firefighting actions based on the detection results. When the fire extinguishing controller receives an alarm signal from at least two sensors 500 in a particular energy storage module 2000, it controls the fire extinguishing mechanisms in the corresponding energy storage module 2000 to initiate firefighting actions. This allows for precise control of the fire extinguishing action, minimizing the impact on batteries 2000 that are not experiencing thermal runaway.

[0109] In this embodiment, the fire extinguishing controller simultaneously controls the sensors 500 and fire extinguishing mechanisms of multiple energy storage modules 2000 so as to carry out fire extinguishing only for the corresponding energy storage modules 2000 with serious abnormalities according to the specific circumstances of abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway. This avoids unnecessary waste and loss caused by fire extinguishing normal energy storage modules 2000 without abnormalities, thereby improving the fire-fighting efficiency of the automatic fire-fighting action.

[0110] Please continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device 1000 provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic side cross-sectional view of the energy storage device 1000 shows the energy storage device 1000. The energy storage device 1000 includes an energy storage module 2000. Each energy storage module 2000 includes a housing 100, multiple batteries 200, and a smoke exhaust assembly 300. The multiple batteries 200 are arranged in a 4x4 arrangement within the housing 100. Each battery 200 includes a battery housing 210 and multiple battery cells 220. The battery cells 220 include a pressure relief mechanism 223 and electrode terminals 224. The pressure relief mechanism 223 is located on a first wall 221 of the battery cell 220, and the electrode terminals 224 are located on a second wall 222 of the battery cell 220, which is different from the first wall 221. The battery housing 210 is provided with a first exhaust port 214. The smoke exhaust assembly 300 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 of each battery 200 and is used to discharge smoke exhausted from the multiple batteries 200 outside the housing 100. The battery box 210 includes an electrical cavity 211, a collection cavity 212 and a first isolation component 213. Multiple battery cells 220 are accommodated in the electrical cavity 211. The first isolation component 213 is used to isolate the electrical cavity 211 from the collection cavity 212. The first isolation component 213 is provided with a through hole, which is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 223.

[0111] The smoke exhaust assembly 300 includes a main pipe 310 and multiple branch pipes 320. The branch pipes 320 are respectively connected to four batteries 200 arranged in a vertical row. One end of each branch pipe 320 is connected to the first exhaust port 214 of the corresponding battery 200, and the other end is connected to the main pipe 310. The four branch pipes 320 are connected to all the batteries 200 and then converge into the main pipe 310. One end of the main pipe 310 is arranged in the box body 100 and connected to the branch pipe 320, and the other end is connected to the outside of the box body 100.

[0112] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and components may be substituted with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: Includes at least one energy storage module, each of the energy storage modules includes: Box; A plurality of batteries are disposed in the box, each of the batteries comprising a battery box and a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells comprising a pressure relief mechanism and an electrode terminal, the pressure relief mechanism being disposed on a first wall of the battery cell, the electrode terminal being disposed on a second wall of the battery cell, the second wall being different from the first wall, and the battery box being provided with a first exhaust port; a smoke exhaust component, connected to the first exhaust port of each of the batteries, and configured to discharge smoke exhausted by the multiple batteries out of the box; In which, the battery box includes an electrical cavity, a collection cavity and a first isolation component. The multiple battery cells are accommodated in the electrical cavity. The first isolation component is used to isolate the electrical cavity from the collection cavity. The first isolation component is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism. When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the smoke emitted by the battery cells can enter the collection cavity through the through hole, and the first exhaust port is connected to the collection cavity.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first wall is in contact with the first isolation component.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first wall and the second wall are arranged opposite to each other.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The smoke exhaust assembly includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes, and the multiple branch pipes correspond one-to-one to the multiple batteries. One end of each branch pipe is connected to the first exhaust port of the corresponding battery, and the other end is connected to the main pipe. One end of the main pipe is connected to the outside of the box.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that One end of the main pipeline communicating with the outside of the box is provided with a smoke exhaust fan and / or a flame arrester.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that The smoke exhaust assembly includes a second isolation component and multiple branch pipes. The second isolation component is used to separate the internal space of the box into a battery cavity and a gas collecting cavity. The multiple batteries are arranged in the battery cavity. The multiple branch pipes correspond one-to-one to the multiple batteries. One end of each of the branch pipes is connected to the first exhaust port of the battery, and the other end is connected to the gas collecting cavity. The box is provided with a second exhaust port connected to the gas collecting cavity.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that The second exhaust port is provided with a smoke exhaust fan and / or a flame arrester.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that The smoke exhaust assembly further includes a plurality of one-way valves, each branch pipe being provided with a corresponding one-way valve, and the one-way valve is configured to allow smoke exhausted from the first exhaust port to be discharged unidirectionally out of the box through the smoke exhaust assembly.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the energy storage modules further includes a sensor and a fire extinguishing mechanism, which are arranged in the box body. The sensor is used to detect the gas state parameters in the box body; the fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box body when the sensor detects that the gas state parameters are abnormal.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A plurality of sensors are provided in the box of each energy storage module, and the fire extinguishing mechanism is configured to extinguish the fire in the box when at least two of the sensors detect that the gas state parameters are abnormal.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: Each of the energy storage modules further includes a fire extinguishing controller, which is electrically connected to the sensor and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection result of the gas state parameter, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism based on the electrical signal.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes a smoke exhaust main pipe and multiple energy storage modules. The multiple energy storage modules are stacked along the direction of gravity. The smoke exhaust components of each energy storage module are respectively connected to the smoke exhaust main pipe, and the smoke exhaust main pipe is arranged outside the box body of the multiple energy storage modules.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The energy storage device also includes a fire extinguishing controller. Multiple energy storage modules share one fire extinguishing controller. The fire extinguishing controller is electrically connected to the sensor and the fire extinguishing mechanism. The sensor sends an electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller based on the detection result of the gas state parameter, and the fire extinguishing controller controls the action of the fire extinguishing mechanism based on the electrical signal.

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