Underground roadway surrounding rock sinkage measuring device

Abstract

An underground roadway surrounding rock sinkage measuring device comprises a sleeve with the bottom end installed on a roadway bottom plate, an insertion rod is arranged in the sleeve in a sliding mode, the top end of the insertion rod extends out of the sleeve and is installed on a roadway top plate, a graduated scale is arranged on the outer side wall of the insertion rod, an installation cylinder is arranged on one side of the sleeve, and the axis of the installation cylinder is perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve. A first through hole penetrating through the sleeve is formed in the sleeve in the axial direction of the installation cylinder, a second through hole penetrating through the insertion rod is formed in the insertion rod, the axis of the second through hole is parallel to the axis of the first through hole, and the first through hole is located on the motion trail of the second through hole; the end of the warning rod penetrates into the sleeve to abut against the side wall of the inserting rod, and when the inserting rod moves downwards to the position where the first penetrating hole and the second penetrating hole are located on the same straight line, the other side, penetrating out of the sleeve, of the warning rod forms an indication mark. According to the utility model, the roadway can be maintained in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of underground tunnel surrounding rock deformation measurement, in particular to an underground tunnel surrounding rock subsidence measurement device. Background Art

[0002] Underground tunnels are used for ore transportation, ventilation, drainage, and pedestrian access during coal mining. After tunnel excavation, the settlement of the surrounding rock needs to be monitored. When settlement reaches a certain limit, the tunnel needs to be supported. Currently, electronic observation devices are often used for monitoring, which is relatively expensive and increases mining costs.

[0003] Patent CN220206593U discloses a device for measuring the deformation of surrounding rock in underground coal mine tunnels. The bottom end of the outer sleeve is connected to the tunnel floor, the top end of the inner sleeve is connected to the tunnel roof, and a scale is provided on the inner sleeve. The initial position of the inner sleeve is: the top surface of the outer sleeve is located at the "0" scale position on the inner sleeve scale. When the tunnel sinks, the inner sleeve will be pushed toward the outer sleeve, and the tunnel subsidence amount is obtained by reading the numbers on the scale. Using the above method to measure the tunnel subsidence amount, workers need to read the scale and record it frequently. When the subsidence amount reaches the limit value, the tunnel is supported. If it is not discovered in time, that is, when the subsidence amount reaches the limit value, the workers cannot quickly discover and take measures, which is very likely to cause damage. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that it is not possible to quickly detect that the subsidence has reached a limit value, the utility model provides an underground tunnel surrounding rock subsidence measurement device, which can timely maintain the tunnel.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the specific scheme adopted by the utility model is: a device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel, comprising a sleeve installed at the bottom end on the tunnel bottom plate, a plug rod slidably arranged in the sleeve, the top end of the plug rod extends out of the sleeve and is installed on the tunnel top plate, a scale is provided on the outer wall of the plug rod, a mounting cylinder is provided on one side of the sleeve, the axis of the mounting cylinder is perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve, and the sleeve is axially provided with a first through-hole passing through the sleeve, a second through-hole passing through the plug rod is provided on the plug rod, the axis of the second through-hole is parallel to the axis of the first through-hole, and the first through-hole is located on the movement trajectory of the second through-hole, a warning rod driven by a compression spring is slidably arranged in the mounting cylinder, and the end of the warning rod penetrates into the sleeve and presses against the side wall of the plug rod, and when the plug rod moves down to the first through-hole and the second through-hole are in the same straight line, the warning rod passes through the other side of the sleeve to form an indication mark.

[0006] As an optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: the outer side wall of the warning rod is covered with a red mark.

[0007] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: a first limiting ring is arranged around the outer wall of the warning rod, and a second limiting ring extending toward its center position is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting tube. The first limiting ring and the second limiting ring cooperate to limit the displacement of the warning rod.

[0008] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: a mounting plate for fixed connection with the tunnel roof is provided at the top end of the insertion rod.

[0009] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: the top of the insertion rod has a threaded section, and a threaded barrel that matches the threaded section is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate.

[0010] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: a fixing plate for fixed connection with the tunnel floor is provided at the bottom end of the sleeve.

[0011] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: the top surface of the sleeve corresponds to the "0" scale position of the scale.

[0012] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned underground tunnel surrounding rock subsidence measuring device: the side wall of the sleeve is provided with two support tubes symmetrical along the center line of the sleeve, and the end of the support tube away from the sleeve is used to connect with the tunnel side plate.

[0013] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned underground tunnel surrounding rock subsidence measuring device: the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with an annular slider that can slide along the height direction of the sleeve, and one end of the support tube is fixedly connected to the annular slider.

[0014] As another optimization solution of the above-mentioned device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels: a screw is connected to the support tube through threaded rotation, and one end of the screw facing away from the sleeve is connected to the tunnel side plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The utility model provides a device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in a tunnel. When the device is installed in the tunnel, the top surface of the sleeve corresponds to the "0" scale position of the scale, the second through-hole is located above the first through-hole, and the two are in a staggered state. The bottom end of the insertion rod is located below the first through-hole, and the bottom of the insertion rod blocks the warning rod in the installation tube, and the compression spring is compressed; during the sinking process of the tunnel, the insertion rod is pushed to move downward until the second through-hole is opposite to the first through-hole, and the insertion rod no longer has a blocking effect on the warning rod. Under the action of the restoring elastic force of the compression spring, the insertion rod passes through the first through-hole and the second through-hole in turn and extends out of the sleeve. The insertion rod is extended and is located on the right side of the sleeve. When the staff sees the insertion rod extended, they can maintain the tunnel in time to avoid danger caused by tunnel sinking; at the same time, there is no need for the staff to read the scale value frequently, saving work time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a side view of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the warning rod is extended;

[0021] Figure markings: 1. Insert rod, 101. Scale, 102. Smooth section, 103. Second through hole, 104. Threaded section, 2. Sleeve, 201. Fixing plate, 202. First through hole, 3. Mounting plate, 301. Threaded cylinder, 4. Mounting cylinder, 401. Compression spring, 402. Second limiting ring, 5. Support cylinder, 501. Annular slider, 502. Screw, 6. Warning rod, 601. First limiting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The parts that are not described and disclosed in detail in the following embodiments of the present invention should be understood as existing technologies known or should be known to those skilled in the art, such as how to install the mounting cylinder 4 on the sleeve 2, how to install the screw 502 on the side plate of the tunnel, etc.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel comprises a sleeve 2, the bottom end of which is mounted on the tunnel floor. The sleeve 2 is a circular cylindrical structure or a square cylindrical structure. In this embodiment, the sleeve 2 is a square cylindrical structure. A plunger 1 is slidably arranged in the sleeve 2. Accordingly, the plunger 1 is a square rod-shaped mechanism. The top end of the plunger 1 extends out of the sleeve 2 and is mounted on the tunnel roof. Specifically, the bottom end of the plunger 1 extends into the sleeve 2 and is loosely fitted with the sleeve 2. The top end of the plunger 1 is mounted on the tunnel roof. A scale 101 is provided on the outer wall of the plunger 1. In this embodiment, the scale 101 is embedded in the outer wall of the plunger 1, and the "0" scale position of the scale 101 is located at its bottom end. After installation, the top surface of the sleeve 2 corresponds to the "0" scale position of the scale 101.

[0025] A mounting tube 4 is provided on one side of the sleeve 2, and the axis of the mounting tube 4 is perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve 2. In this embodiment, the mounting tube 4 is a circular cylindrical structure, and the end of the mounting tube 4 away from the sleeve 2 is closed, that is, one end of the mounting tube 4 is closed and the other end is open; the open end of the mounting tube 4 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 2, and the connection between the two is bolt connection, welding or integral connection. In this embodiment, the connection between the mounting tube 4 and the sleeve 2 is bolt connection. The sleeve 2 is provided with a first through hole 202 that passes through the sleeve 2 along the axial direction of the mounting tube 4, and the center line of the first through hole 202 is perpendicular to the center line of the sleeve 2, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first through-hole 202 is a circular hole-like structure, comprising a first portion located on the left side wall of the sleeve 2 and a second portion located on the right side wall of the sleeve 2. A second through-hole 103 is formed on the insertion rod 1, extending through the insertion rod 1. The axis of the second through-hole 103 is parallel to the axis of the first through-hole 202, and the first through-hole 202 is located on the motion trajectory of the second through-hole 103. That is, when the device is installed in a tunnel, the top surface of the sleeve 2 corresponds to the "0" scale position on the scale 101, and the second through-hole 103 is located above the first through-hole 202, with the two being staggered. As the tunnel sinks, the insertion rod 1 is pushed downward, so that the second through-hole 103 moves downward and can oppose the first through-hole 202.

[0026] A warning rod 6 driven by a compression spring 401 is slidably installed within the mounting tube 4. The end of the warning rod 6 penetrates the sleeve 2 and presses against the side wall of the insertion rod 1. When the insertion rod 1 moves downward until the first through-hole 202 and the second through-hole 103 are aligned, the warning rod 6 passes through the other side of the sleeve 2 to form an indicator mark. Specifically, a receiving cavity coaxial with the first through-hole 202 is provided at the center of the mounting tube 4. The warning rod 6 is slidably installed within the receiving cavity. In this embodiment, the warning rod 6 is a circular rod-shaped structure coaxial with the mounting tube 4. A compression spring 401 is provided between the left end of the warning rod 6 and the bottom of the mounting tube 4. The outer wall of the warning rod 6 is covered with a red marking to facilitate identification by staff.

[0027] When the device is installed in the tunnel, the top surface of the sleeve 2 corresponds to the "0" scale position of the scale 101, the second through-hole 103 is located above the first through-hole 202, and the two are in a staggered state. The bottom end of the insertion rod 1 is located below the first through-hole 202. At this time, the right end of the warning rod 6 extends out of the mounting tube 4 and extends into the first through-hole 202, which abuts against the side wall of the insertion rod 1. That is, the bottom of the insertion rod 1 blocks the warning rod 6 in the mounting tube 4, and the compression spring 401 is compressed. During the sinking process of the tunnel, the insertion rod 1 is pushed to move downward. When the second through-hole 103 is opposite to the first through-hole 202, the insertion rod 1 no longer has a blocking effect on the warning rod 6. Under the action of the restoring elastic force of the compression spring 401, the insertion rod 1 passes through the second through-hole 103 and the second part extends out of the sleeve 2 in sequence. Figure 4 As shown, the rod 1 is extended and located to the right of the sleeve 2. When workers see the rod 1 extended, they can promptly perform maintenance on the tunnel, preventing danger from tunnel subsidence. This also eliminates the need for workers to frequently read the scale, saving time. If the tunnel continues to sink until the top sidewall of the second through-hole 103 contacts the outer sidewall of the warning rod 6, the device can also provide support.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the side wall of the sleeve 2 is provided with two support tubes 5 symmetrically arranged along the center line of the sleeve 2. The support tubes 5 are arranged horizontally, and one end of the support tube 5 is connected to the sleeve 2, and the other end of the support tube 5 is connected to the side wall of the tunnel. Specifically, the support tube 5 and the sleeve 2 are connected in the following manner: the outer wall of the sleeve 2 is provided with an annular slider 501 that can slide along the height direction of the sleeve 2, and the inner side wall of the annular slider 501 is clearance-fitted with the outer side wall of the sleeve 2; one end of the support tube 5 is fixedly connected to the annular slider 501, and the two are connected by bolt connection or welding. In this embodiment, the support tube 5 and the annular slider 501 are connected by welding.

[0029] A screw rod 502 is connected to the support tube 5 through a threaded rotation. Specifically, the inner wall of the support tube 5 is provided with an internal thread that matches the screw rod 502. One end of the screw rod 502 extends into the sleeve 2, and the other end of the screw rod 502 extends out of the sleeve 2 and is used to connect with the tunnel side plate.

[0030] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, which can be further improved, optimized and limited to obtain the following embodiments:

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment is an improved solution for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels based on the embodiment 1. Its main structure is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the improvement is that: a first limiting ring 601 is provided around the outer wall of the warning rod 6, the first limiting ring 601 is located at the left end of the warning rod 6, and the outer diameter of the first limiting ring 601 is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting tube 4, and the inner diameter of the first limiting ring 601 is equal to the diameter of the warning rod 6; the first limiting ring 601 is connected to the warning rod 6 in an integral manner. A second limiting ring 402 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting tube 4, extending toward the center thereof, and the second limiting ring 402 is located at the end of the mounting tube 4 close to the sleeve 2. The inner diameter of the second limiting ring 402 is equal to the diameter of the warning rod 6, the outer diameter of the first limiting ring 601 is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting tube 4, and the second limiting ring 402 is connected to the mounting tube 4 in an integral manner. The first limiting ring 601 and the second limiting ring 402 cooperate to limit the displacement of the warning rod 6. When the compression spring 401 pushes the warning rod 6 out of the sleeve 2, the right end face of the first limiting ring 601 contacts the left end face of the second limiting ring 402, preventing the warning rod 6 from moving further, thereby preventing the compression spring 401 from pushing the warning rod 6 out of the sleeve 2 and falling into the tunnel, and the staff cannot discover in time that the settlement has reached the limit value.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] This embodiment is an improved device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in underground tunnels, based on Example 1. Its main structure is the same as that of Example 1, with the following improvements: a fixing plate 201 is provided at the bottom end of sleeve 2 for fixed connection to the tunnel floor. A mounting plate 3 is provided at the top end of plunger 1 for fixed connection to the tunnel roof. Specifically, a threaded barrel 301 is fixedly connected below mounting plate 3, and a threaded section 104 is provided at the top of plunger 1 to mate with threaded barrel 301. Specifically, the insertion rod 1 includes a threaded section 104 at the top and a smooth section 102 at the bottom. The threaded section 104 is a cylindrical structure, and the smooth section 102 is a square structure. The threaded section 104 and the smooth section 102 are connected by two symmetrically arranged connecting plates. A second through-hole 103 is formed between the two connecting plates. During the installation of the insertion rod 1, the length of the threaded section 104 extending into the threaded barrel 301 is used to control the length of the insertion rod 1, thereby ensuring that the top surface of the sleeve 2 is at the "0" scale position of the scale 101, which facilitates the installation of the insertion rod 1 and the sleeve 2.

[0035] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel, comprising a sleeve (2) whose bottom end is mounted on the tunnel floor, a plunger (1) slidingly arranged in the sleeve (2), the top end of the plunger (1) extending out of the sleeve (2) and mounted on the tunnel roof, a scale (101) being arranged on the outer side wall of the plunger (1), and characterized in that: A mounting tube (4) is provided on one side of the sleeve (2), the axis of the mounting tube (4) is perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve (2), and the sleeve (2) is provided with a first through hole (202) penetrating the sleeve (2) along the axial direction of the mounting tube (4), a second through hole (103) penetrating the insertion rod (1) is provided on the insertion rod (1), the axis of the second through hole (103) is parallel to the axis of the first through hole (202), and the first through hole (202) is located on the movement trajectory of the second through hole (103), a warning rod (6) driven by a compression spring (401) is slidingly provided in the mounting tube (4), and the end of the warning rod (6) penetrates into the sleeve (2) and presses against the side wall of the insertion rod (1), and when the insertion rod (1) moves down until the first through hole (202) and the second through hole (103) are on the same straight line, the warning rod (6) penetrates the other side of the sleeve (2) to form an indication mark.

2. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the warning rod (6) is covered with a red mark.

3. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first limiting ring (601) is provided around the outer side wall of the warning rod (6), and a second limiting ring (402) extending toward the center position thereof is provided on the inner side wall of the mounting tube (4). The first limiting ring (601) and the second limiting ring (402) cooperate to limit the displacement of the warning rod (6).

4. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the insertion rod (1) is provided with a mounting plate (3) for fixed connection with the tunnel roof.

5. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the insertion rod (1) is provided with a threaded section (104), and a threaded barrel (301) matching the threaded section (104) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (3).

6. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the sleeve (2) is provided with a fixing plate for fixed connection with the tunnel bottom plate.

7. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the sleeve (2) corresponds to the "0" scale position of the scale (101).

8. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the sleeve (2) is provided with two support cylinders (5) symmetrically along the center line of the sleeve (2), and one end of the support cylinder (5) away from the sleeve (2) is used for connecting with the side plate of the tunnel.

9. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer wall of the sleeve (2) is provided with an annular slider (501) that can slide along the height direction of the sleeve (2), and one end of the support tube (5) is fixedly connected to the annular slider (501).

10. The device for measuring the subsidence of surrounding rock in an underground tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: A screw rod (502) is connected to the support cylinder (5) by means of a screw thread, and one end of the screw rod (502) facing away from the sleeve (2) is connected to the side plate of the laneway.

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