Monitoring device for high and steep slope of surface mine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a surface mine high and steep slope monitoring device and belongs to the technical field of slope monitoring. The surface mine high and steep slope monitoring device comprises a base, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with a fixing rod in a penetrating mode, and the top end of the fixing rod is electrically connected with front-end data monitoring equipment. The front-end data monitoring device comprises a surface deformation monitoring device, a deep deformation monitoring device, a blasting vibration monitoring device, an underground water level monitoring device and a settlement monitoring device. Front-end data monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the deformation condition of the whole surface of a side slope, the inclination angle acceleration multifunctional instrument is installed on the side slope boulder outburst dangerous rock mass to monitor the stability condition of the side slope boulder dangerous rock mass, and the inclination angle acceleration multifunctional instrument assists in monitoring the development condition of side slope cracks and is arranged on the penetrating edge at certain intervals through deep clinometers. Monitoring the slippage condition of the fault zone in the drill hole of the potential fault zone of the slope, aiming at the surface mine slope subjected to blasting mining, mounting and arranging along a slope top platform according to a certain interval, and monitoring the overall damage degree of blasting operation to the mine slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, in particular to a high and steep slope monitoring device for an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the demand for mineral resources has increased significantly. To ensure a stable supply of mineral resources, the number of new mines has steadily increased across the country, with open-pit mines accounting for a significant proportion of these new mines. The top-down, step-by-step mining process in open-pit mines creates high and steep slopes. With continued production and mining, the exposure of these high and steep slopes continues to expand. Under the influence of numerous factors, such as external rainfall, blasting, mechanical excavation, internal structural cracks, and rock and soil characteristics, these high and steep slopes in open-pit mines can lead to geological hazards such as landslides, threatening mine safety.

[0003] At present, the monitoring of landslide geological disasters on steep slopes of open-pit mines is mainly based on manual patrol monitoring, assisted by video surveillance, and lacks automated monitoring and automated alarm systems. Therefore, the automated monitoring and alarm system for steep slopes of open-pit mines is particularly important.

[0004] In open-pit mines, monitoring of geological hazards such as landslides on steep slopes is mainly done through manual inspections, supplemented by video surveillance for macroscopic observation of the slopes. Manual inspections mainly involve safety inspectors or third-party testing agencies dispatched by the mines, who carry measuring equipment such as total stations to regularly inspect and measure the safety of exposed slopes, and record whether there are dangerous conditions such as joints and fissures, water seepage, dangerous rock masses, and displacement on the exposed slopes. At the same time, video surveillance is used as an auxiliary means to conduct macroscopic observations of mine slopes. At this stage, this method is affected by factors such as weather, topography, and time, and requires a lot of manpower and material resources. The integrity and accuracy of the monitoring data are easily affected by the subjective and experience of the inspectors, and real-time monitoring cannot be carried out around the clock. Utility Model Content

[0005] (1) Technical problems solved

[0006] The utility model provides a high-steep slope monitoring device for open-pit mines, aiming to solve the problem raised in the background technology that existing manual inspections cannot achieve 24-hour uninterrupted real-time monitoring, for example, rain and foggy days have a greater impact on the results of manual inspections, and after observing the danger of high-steep slopes, it is impossible to automatically alarm and promptly remind on-site workers to evacuate, which also poses a safety hazard to the inspectors themselves. In addition, auxiliary video monitoring means cannot quantitatively measure the stability of the slope, but can only observe the basic conditions of the slope from a macroscopic perspective. When slope collapse is discovered from video monitoring, there is no early warning time for evacuation.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: comprising a base, wherein a fixing rod is fixedly connected through the upper surface of the base, a solar panel is fixedly mounted on the top of the outer arc surface of the fixing rod, and the top end of the fixing rod is electrically connected to a front-end data monitoring device, wherein the front-end data monitoring device includes a surface deformation monitoring device, a deep deformation monitoring device, a blasting vibration monitoring device, a groundwater level monitoring device, and a settlement monitoring device;

[0009] The surface deformation monitoring device includes a GNSS receiver electrically connected thereto, a signal receiving end on one side of the GNSS receiver electrically connected to an inclination acceleration multifunction instrument, and a signal receiving end on the other side of the GNSS receiver electrically connected to a crack meter;

[0010] The deep deformation monitoring device includes a deep inclinometer, which is placed at the bottom of the fixed rod;

[0011] The blasting vibration monitoring device includes a blasting vibration monitor inside, and the blasting vibration monitor penetrates into the base;

[0012] The underground water level monitoring equipment includes a water level meter and a piezometer;

[0013] The settlement monitoring equipment includes a settlement tube connected to the inside of the base, an end cover is connected to the middle of the upper surface of the settlement tube, a through hole is opened in the middle of the upper surface of the end cover, a threaded sleeve is fixedly installed in the through hole of the end cover, and the inner arc surface of the threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to a bolt.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, one end of the bolt passes through the interior of the sedimentation tube, a spring is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the threaded sleeve, a connecting ring is fixedly installed on one end of the spring, and a tension monitoring meter is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the connecting ring.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a hook is provided on the lower surface of the tension monitor, a signal transmitting module is provided on one side of the tension monitor, and one end of the hook is movably connected to a foundation pit monitoring component.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the foundation pit monitoring assembly includes a lifting ring movably connected to one end of the hook, a measuring arm plate is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the lifting ring, grooves are provided on both sides of the measuring arm plate, tooth plates are fixedly installed in the grooves on both sides, a through groove is provided in the middle of the outer arc surface of the settlement tube, an annular socket plate is fixedly installed on the through groove on one side of the settlement tube, and extension parts are provided on both sides of the annular socket plate.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, one side of the extension part is movably connected to an adjusting gear through a rotating shaft, and clamping blocks are fixedly installed on both sides of the lower surface of the measuring arm plate. There are two measuring arm plates, one of which is fixed with a clamping block, and the other measuring arm plate is provided with a plug-in slot. A steel wire rope is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the measuring arm plate through a lifting ring, and a settlement plate is fixedly installed on one end of the steel wire rope.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, one side of the front-end data monitoring device is electrically connected to a data acquisition and transmission device, and the data acquisition and transmission device includes wired and wireless connections.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, one end of the front-end data monitoring device is electrically connected to an early warning platform, and the early warning platform and the data acquisition and transmission device are connected to an alarm device.

[0020] (3) Beneficial effects

[0021] 1. The front-end data monitoring equipment is responsible for monitoring the overall surface deformation of the slope. The inclination acceleration multifunctional instrument is installed on the boulders and protruding dangerous rock masses on the slope to monitor the stability of the boulders and dangerous rock masses on the slope. The inclination acceleration multifunctional instrument assists in monitoring the development of slope cracks. Deep inclinometers are arranged at a certain interval in the boreholes that pass through the potential fault zone of the slope to monitor the slippage of the fault zone. For the open-pit mine slope mined by blasting, the platforms are installed and arranged at a certain interval along the top, middle and bottom of the slope to monitor the overall degree of damage to the mine slope caused by blasting operations. Water level gauges and piezometers are used to monitor the changes in water level and osmotic pressure in the groundwater monitoring boreholes on the mine slope.

[0022] 2. By turning the bolt, the bolt is lifted upward under the limiting action of the threaded sleeve on the end cover, thereby driving the hook to move upward, thereby tightening the wire rope and sending the value of the pressure monitor to the remote data center through the signal transmission module for storage. When the soil below the foundation pit settles and displaces, the settlement pipe will also displace, thereby increasing the tension of the wire rope on the pressure monitor. The corresponding displacement value can be reversely calculated through the change in tension, thereby realizing the monitoring and recording of the foundation pit settlement.

[0023] 3. Through the measuring arm plate hinged on one side of the plug-in slot, when the bottom of the monitored foundation pit settles, the measuring arm plate moves downward synchronously with the bottom of the foundation pit under the action of gravity. Because the tooth plate on one side of the measuring arm plate is engaged with the adjusting tooth plate, when the measuring arm plate moves downward under the action of gravity, the infrared transmitter and the infrared receiver are at the same horizontal line. The infrared transmitter can receive the infrared signal emitted by the displacement value of the settlement plate. After the infrared signal is received by the data acquisition and transmission equipment and connected with the data of the early warning platform, the alarm device is triggered so that remote personnel can have a specific understanding of the safety situation of the slope. Before the disaster is about to occur, the relevant personnel can be notified in time to evacuate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall equipment structure of a high and steep slope monitoring device for open-pit mines;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a settlement pipe of a high and steep slope monitoring device for an open-pit mine;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a high and steep slope monitoring device for an open-pit mine;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a foundation pit monitoring component of a high and steep slope monitoring device for an open-pit mine;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment distribution of a high and steep slope monitoring device in an open-pit mine.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Base; 2. Fixing rod; 3. Front-end data monitoring equipment; 301. Surface deformation monitoring equipment; 3011. GNSS receiver; 302. Deep deformation monitoring equipment; 303. Blasting vibration monitoring equipment; 304. Groundwater level monitoring equipment; 306. Settlement monitoring equipment; 3061. Settlement pipe; 3062. End cover; 3063. Threaded sleeve; 3064. Bolt; 3065. Spring; 3066. Connecting ring; 30 67. Tension monitoring meter; 3068. Hook; 3069. Signal transmission module; 4. Solar panel; 5. Foundation pit monitoring assembly; 501. Lifting ring; 502. Measuring arm plate; 503. Tooth plate; 504. Annular sleeve plate; 505. Extension; 506. Adjusting gear; 507. Snap-in block; 508. Insert plate slot; 509. Wire rope; 510. Settlement plate; 6. Data acquisition and transmission equipment; 7. Early warning platform; 8. Alarm equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The utility model provides a high and steep slope monitoring device for open-pit mines, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a base 1, a fixing rod 2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, a solar panel 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer arc surface of the fixing rod 2, and the top of the fixing rod 2 is electrically connected to the front-end data monitoring equipment 3, which includes a surface deformation monitoring device 301, a deep deformation monitoring device 302, a blasting vibration monitoring device 303, a groundwater level monitoring device 304 and a settlement monitoring device 306;

[0033] The surface deformation monitoring device 301 includes a GNSS receiver 3011 electrically connected thereto. A signal receiving end on one side of the GNSS receiver 3011 is electrically connected to a tilt and acceleration multifunction instrument. A signal receiving end on the other side of the GNSS receiver 3011 is electrically connected to a crack meter.

[0034] The deep deformation monitoring device 302 includes a deep inclinometer, which is placed at the bottom of the fixed rod 2;

[0035] The blasting vibration monitoring device 303 includes a blasting vibration monitor, which penetrates into the base 1;

[0036] Groundwater level monitoring equipment 304 includes a water level gauge and a piezometer;

[0037] The sedimentation monitoring equipment 306 includes a sedimentation tube 3061 that is connected to the inside of the base 1, and an end cover 3062 is connected to the middle of the upper surface of the sedimentation tube 3061. A through hole is opened in the middle of the upper surface of the end cover 3062. A threaded sleeve 3063 is fixedly installed in the through hole of the end cover 3062, and the inner arc surface of the threaded sleeve 3063 is threadedly connected to a bolt 3064.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the front-end data monitoring device 3 is responsible for collecting monitoring data of high and steep slopes of open-pit mines. The surface deformation monitoring device 301 uses a GNSS receiver 3011 as the main monitoring device. The GNSS receiver 3011 is installed and arranged along the top, middle and bottom platforms of the slope at a certain interval. It is responsible for monitoring the overall surface deformation of the slope. The inclination acceleration multifunctional instrument is installed on the boulders and protruding dangerous rock masses on the slope to monitor the stability of the boulders and dangerous rock masses on the slope. In the slope area with crack development, crack meters are installed on both sides of the crack to monitor the development of slope cracks. The inclination acceleration multifunctional instrument The crack meter serves as a supplement to the GNSS receiver 3011 to monitor the surface deformation of the slope. The deep deformation is monitored by a deep inclinometer. The deep inclinometer is arranged at a certain interval in the boreholes that penetrate the potential fault zone of the slope to monitor the slip of the fault zone. The blasting vibration monitoring equipment 303 is installed and arranged at a certain interval along the top, middle and bottom platforms of the open-pit mine slope mined by blasting to monitor the overall damage degree of the mine slope caused by blasting operations. The groundwater level monitoring equipment 304 uses a water level meter and a piezometer to monitor the changes in water level and osmotic pressure in the groundwater monitoring boreholes on the mine slope.

[0039] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the settlement monitoring device 306 has an internal tension monitoring meter 3067 at one end connected to the upper end of the wire rope 509 through a lifting ring 501, and the other end of the tension monitoring meter 3067 is connected to the bolt 3064 on the end cover 3062 through a connecting ring 3066. By pulling the bolt 3064, the bolt 3064 is lifted upward under the limiting action of the threaded sleeve 3063 on the end cover 3062, thereby driving the hook 3068 to move upward, thereby tightening the wire rope 509 and sending the value of the pressure monitoring meter to the remote data center through the signal transmission module 3063 for storage. When the soil below the foundation pit settles and displaces, the settlement pipe 3061 will also displace, thereby increasing the tension of the wire rope 509 on the pressure monitoring meter. The corresponding displacement value can be reversely calculated through the change in tension, thereby realizing the monitoring of the foundation pit settlement.

[0040] One side of the front-end data monitoring device 3 is electrically connected to the data acquisition and transmission device 6, which includes wired and wireless connections. One end of the front-end data monitoring device 3 is electrically connected to the early warning platform 7, and the early warning platform 7 and the data acquisition and transmission device 6 are connected to an alarm device 8.

[0041] Each front-end data monitoring device 3 is equipped with a data acquisition and transmission device 6, which automatically collects the real-time monitoring data obtained from the front-end data monitoring device 3, converts it into a unified digital signal, and transmits it to the early warning platform 7. The communication connection selects wired or wireless connection according to the actual situation at the mine site, including Ethernet, 3 / 4 / 5G, WIFI, etc. The front-end data monitoring device 3 and the data acquisition and transmission device 6 are uniformly powered by solar panels 4 and batteries to ensure continuous and stable power supply even in extreme rainy weather.

[0042] The early warning platform 7 is arranged in the mine duty room. After receiving the data collected by the front-end data monitoring equipment 3, the early warning platform 7 automatically stores it in the early warning platform 7 database. The collected data are divided into surface deformation, deep deformation, blasting vibration, groundwater level and settlement change, and the installation point, real-time data and historical data are displayed respectively. In addition, each type of data is set with a corresponding red, orange, yellow and blue 4-level early warning threshold. After the collected data reaches the early warning threshold, the early warning platform 7 automatically starts the early warning mechanism, and a small pop-up window with the corresponding early warning level prompt is popped up through the early warning platform 7 to remind the on-duty personnel, and the on-duty personnel dispatch relevant safety personnel to check the safety of the slope.

[0043] Alarm device 8, consisting of an audible and visual alarm and a loudspeaker, is installed at road entrances and crowded areas threatened by landslides. The alarm device is equipped with a separate data acquisition and transmission device 6, which connects to the early warning platform 7. The early warning platform 7 transmits warning information of varying severity levels to the alarm device 8 via the data acquisition and transmission device 6, which then triggers an on-site alarm. The alarm device 8 then emits different sounds or voice announcements based on the severity of the warning, alerting personnel or prompting them to evacuate.

[0044] One end of the bolt 3064 passes through the interior of the sedimentation tube 3061, and a spring 3065 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the threaded sleeve 3063. A connecting ring 3066 is fixedly installed on one end of the spring 3065. A tension monitor 3067 is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the connecting ring 3066. A hook 3068 is provided on the lower surface of the tension monitor 3067, and a signal transmitting module 3069 is provided on one side of the tension monitor 3067. One end of the hook 3068 is movably connected to a foundation pit monitoring component.

[0045] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, the foundation pit monitoring assembly 5 includes a lifting ring 501 that is movably sleeved on one end of the hook 3068. A measuring arm plate 502 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the lifting ring 501. Grooves are provided on both sides of the measuring arm plate 502. Tooth plates 503 are fixedly installed in the grooves on both sides. A through groove is provided in the middle of the outer arc surface of the settlement tube 3061. An annular sleeve plate 504 is fixedly installed on the through groove on one side of the settlement tube 3061. Extensions 505 are provided on both sides of the annular sleeve plate 504. One side of 505 is movably connected to an adjusting gear 506 through a rotating shaft, and both sides of the lower surface of the measuring arm plate 502 are fixedly installed with a clamping block 507. There are two measuring arm plates 502, one of which is fixed with a clamping block 507, and the other measuring arm plate 502 is provided with a plug-in slot 508. The lower surface of the measuring arm plate 502 is fixedly installed with a wire rope 509 through a lifting ring 501, and a settlement plate 510 is fixedly installed on one end of the wire rope 509.

[0046] Through the adjustment tooth plate 506 installed on the outer wall of the settlement tube 3061 and the measuring arm plate 502 hinged on one side of the plug-in slot 508, when the monitored bottom of the foundation pit settles, the measuring arm plate 502 moves downward synchronously with the bottom of the foundation pit under the action of gravity. Because the tooth plate 503 on one side of the measuring arm plate 502 is meshed with the adjustment tooth plate 506, when the measuring arm plate 502 moves downward under the action of gravity, the infrared transmitter and the infrared receiver are not on the same horizontal line. The infrared transmitter 21 can receive the infrared signal emitted by the displacement value of the settlement plate 510. After the data acquisition and transmission device 6 receives it and connects it to the early warning platform 7, it triggers the alarm device 8 so that remote personnel can have a specific understanding of the safety situation of the slope and promptly notify relevant personnel to evacuate before a disaster is about to occur.

[0047] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and utility model concept of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high and steep slope monitoring device for an open-pit mine, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A fixing rod (2) is fixedly connected and penetrates the upper surface of the base (1), a solar panel (4) is fixedly installed on the top of the outer arc surface of the fixing rod (2), and the top end of the fixing rod (2) is electrically connected to a front-end data monitoring device (3), the front-end data monitoring device (3) including a surface deformation monitoring device (301), a deep deformation monitoring device (302), a blasting vibration monitoring device (303), a groundwater level monitoring device (304), and a settlement monitoring device (306); The surface deformation monitoring device (301) internally comprises a GNSS receiver (3011) electrically connected thereto, a signal receiving end on one side of the GNSS receiver (3011) electrically connected to an inclination acceleration multifunctional instrument, and a signal receiving end on the other side of the GNSS receiver (3011) electrically connected to a crack meter; The deep deformation monitoring device (302) includes a deep inclinometer inside, and the deep inclinometer is placed at the bottom of the fixed rod (2); The blasting vibration monitoring device (303) includes a blasting vibration monitor inside, and the blasting vibration monitor penetrates into the base (1); The groundwater level monitoring device (304) includes a water level meter and a piezometer; The settlement monitoring device (306) comprises a settlement tube (3061) connected to the interior of the base (1), an end cover (3062) is connected to the middle of the upper surface of the settlement tube (3061), a through hole is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the end cover (3062), a threaded sleeve (3063) is fixedly installed in the through hole of the end cover (3062), and a bolt (3064) is threadedly connected to the inner arc surface of the threaded sleeve (3063).

2. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the bolt (3064) passes through the interior of the sedimentation tube (3061), a spring (3065) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the threaded sleeve (3063), a connecting ring (3066) is fixedly installed on one end of the spring (3065), and a tension monitoring meter (3067) is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the connecting ring (3066).

3. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hook (3068) is provided on the lower surface of the tension monitor (3067), a signal transmission module (3069) is provided on one side of the tension monitor (3067), and one end of the hook (3068) is movably connected to a foundation pit monitoring component (5).

4. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foundation pit monitoring assembly (5) comprises a lifting ring (501) movably sleeved on one end of a hook (3068); a measuring arm plate (502) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the lifting ring (501); grooves are provided on both sides of the measuring arm plate (502); tooth plates (503) are fixedly mounted in the grooves on both sides; a through groove is provided in the middle of the outer arc surface of the settlement pipe (3061); an annular sleeve plate (504) is fixedly mounted on the through groove on one side of the settlement pipe (3061); and extension portions (505) are provided on both sides of the annular sleeve plate (504).

5. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: One side of the extension portion (505) is movably connected to an adjusting gear (506) via a rotating shaft, and both sides of the lower surface of the measuring arm plate (502) are fixedly installed with a clamping block (507), and the number of the measuring arm plates (502) is two, one of which is fixed with a clamping block (507) and the other measuring arm plate (502) is provided with a plate slot (508), and the lower surface of the measuring arm plate (502) is fixedly installed with a steel wire rope (509) via a lifting ring (501), and one end of the steel wire rope (509) is fixedly installed with a settlement plate (510).

6. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the front-end data monitoring device (3) is electrically connected to a data acquisition and transmission device (6), and the data acquisition and transmission device (6) includes wired and wireless connections.

7. The device for monitoring high and steep slopes in open-pit mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the front-end data monitoring device (3) is electrically connected to an early warning platform (7), and the early warning platform (7) and the data acquisition and transmission device (6) are connected to an alarm device (8).

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