Multi-factor rock-soil slope model test device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of model tests, and particularly discloses a multi-factor rock-soil slope model test device which comprises a side plate, a support, a spray head, a hot air circulator, a sheetflood generator, a water and soil collection box, a water supply device and a monitoring device. According to the utility model, rainfall is simulated by spraying water to the model slope body through the spray head, slope surface overflow is simulated through the overflow generator arranged at the top of the model slope body, soil eroded from the model slope body is collected through the water and soil collection box, water and soil separation is carried out, and the rate and frequency of dry-wet circulation are adjusted through the spray head, the overflow generator and the hot air circulation machine. Test data are recorded and monitored through the monitoring device, the coupling influence of multiple factors in the real geological environment can be effectively restored, the test accuracy is improved, meanwhile, through the arrangement of the support with the adjustable length, width and height, flexible adjustment can be conveniently conducted according to research requirements, and the applicability of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of simulation tests, in particular to a multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device. Background Art

[0002] Model tests of rainfall-induced landslides are currently the primary means of exploring the entire process of landslide deformation and failure, and they are an effective supplement to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The three most common methods are: indoor model tests, in-situ field tests of artificial rainfall-induced landslides, and similarity-scale tests based on geomechanical models. Indoor model tests simplify complex experimental conditions and can be carried out quickly and efficiently due to their low cost, low risk, and high applicability. Similarity-scale tests based on geomechanical models are generally based on field landslides and are conducted based on the principle of similarity, with scaled models constructed according to the principles of dimensional analysis. Compared to the first two, in-situ field tests of artificial rainfall-induced landslides use natural slopes as the research object, simulating rainfall conditions by deploying large-scale rainfall systems. The greatest advantage of this type of test is that it fully preserves the original soil structure and geological structural influences. It is not only suitable for studying large-scale accumulation layer landslides or tectonic fracture zone landslides, but can also be applied to field tests under more typical geological conditions.

[0003] In current on-site in-situ tests, conventional landslide model test devices often focus on key test content. Due to the single factor considered, their test results are difficult to effectively restore the multi-physical field coupling mechanism in the real geological environment. Moreover, due to the lack of sufficient consideration of the connection between specific test conditions (such as dry-wet cycles, rainfall intensity adjustment, etc.), there is a gap between the test conditions and the preset test conditions, which affects the accuracy of the test data. On the other hand, most existing devices are relatively fixed in design, making it difficult to flexibly adjust according to specific research needs and unable to adapt to in-situ models of different sizes. They have significant limitations and low utilization rates. In addition, the installation and dismantling of the device are relatively cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, affecting efficiency. Therefore, the utility model proposes a multi-factor geotechnical slope model test device that can consider the coupling effects of multiple factors. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device to solve the problem that the existing on-site in-situ experimental device is difficult to effectively restore the coupling influence of multiple factors in the real geological environment.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted by this utility model are as follows:

[0006] A multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device, the device includes side panels, a bracket, a nozzle, a hot air circulation machine, an overflow generator, a water and soil collection box, a water supply device and a monitoring device. The side panels are fixedly arranged on both sides of the model slope. The bracket is erected above the model slope. The nozzle and the hot air circulation machine can be detachably connected to the bracket. The water supply device is used to supply water to the nozzle and the overflow generator. The nozzle is used to spray water on the model slope. The hot air circulation machine is used to perform dry-wet cycles. The overflow generator is arranged at the top of the model slope to generate slope overflow. The water and soil collection box is arranged at the bottom of the model slope to collect soil eroded from the model slope. The monitoring device is used to record and monitor test data.

[0007] Preferably, the length, width, and height of the bracket are adjustable. The bracket includes multiple bracket rods that are detachably connected to each other. The bracket rods include a telescopic device, and a first sleeve and a second sleeve that are mounted at both ends of the telescopic device. The first sleeve and / or the second sleeve can slide along the length of the telescopic device, and the positions of the first sleeve and the second sleeve relative to the telescopic device can be fixed.

[0008] Preferably, the support rods are divided into a plurality of vertical support rods and a plurality of horizontal support rods. The ends of the horizontal support rods are respectively connected to the top ends of two adjacent vertical support rods. The support further includes a mounting rod, the ends of which are respectively connected to two opposing horizontal support rods. The nozzle and the hot air circulation machine are both detachably connected to the mounting rods.

[0009] Preferably, the upper portions of the two opposing horizontal support rods are each provided with a plurality of mounting slots, one end of the mounting rod being embedded in the mounting slot of one of the horizontal support rods, and the other end being embedded in the mounting slot of the other horizontal support rod. Locking nuts are threadedly connected at each end of the mounting rod. The two locking nuts respectively abut against the outer walls of the two opposing horizontal support rods to secure the position of the mounting rod relative to the horizontal support rods.

[0010] Preferably, the water supply device includes a water reservoir, a water pump, and a water supply pipeline. The water reservoir delivers water to the sprinkler and the overflow generator via the water pump and the water supply pipeline, respectively. The water supply pipeline includes a first pipeline connected to the sprinkler and a second pipeline connected to the overflow generator. A first valve is provided on the first pipeline. A second valve is provided on the second pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, the overflow generator includes a receiving chamber for receiving water flow and an overflow port provided at the top of the receiving chamber. The receiving chamber is connected to the second pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the upper portion of the water and soil collection box is open, aligned with the bottom of the simulated slope. Multiple filters of varying mesh sizes are removably installed along the height of the box. The mesh sizes of the filters decrease from the upper portion to the lower portion of the box. The lower portion of the water and soil collection box is a graduated water collection tank.

[0013] Preferably, the side panels are transparent. Scale lines are provided on the side panels. Multiple through-holes are provided through the side panels for passing cables of the monitoring device. Support devices for supporting the side panels are provided on the side of the side panels facing away from the model slope.

[0014] Preferably, the supporting device includes a plurality of supporting legs, one end of which is fixedly connected to the side plate and the other end of which is connected to the ground.

[0015] Preferably, the monitoring device includes a camera, which is arranged in front of the model slope and faces the slope surface of the model slope.

[0016] In the technical solution of this utility model, side panels are fixedly mounted on either side of the model slope, a bracket is mounted above the model slope, and a nozzle and hot air circulation machine are detachably connected to the bracket. A water supply device can supply water to the nozzle and overflow generator. The overflow generator is located at the top of the model slope, and a water and soil collection box is located at the bottom of the model slope. The nozzles spray water on the slope surface to simulate different rainfall conditions, and the overflow generator can simulate different slope overflow conditions. The hot air circulation machine can dry the soil according to the slope humidity (drying standard: based on the humidity data set by the experiment and the reading of the sensor embedded in the soil). The nozzles, overflow generator, and hot air circulation machine can adjust the rate and number of dry-wet cycles, effectively recreating the coupled influence of multiple factors in a real geological environment. The water and soil collection box can collect soil eroded from the model slope and separate the water and soil. The monitoring device can monitor the internal and external conditions of the slope (such as stress and displacement), thereby improving the accuracy of the test. At the same time, the length, width and height of the bracket are all adjustable, which allows the device to be flexibly adjusted according to research needs (such as being applied to model slopes of different sizes, adjusting rainfall height, etc.), thereby improving the applicability and utilization of the device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the utility model can effectively restore the coupling influence of multiple factors in the real geological environment by setting devices such as nozzles, diffuse flow generators and hot air circulation machines, which is conducive to conducting systematic tests. At the same time, by setting water and soil collection boxes and monitoring devices, it is conducive to collecting test data and improving the accuracy of the test.

[0019] 2. The multi-factor geotechnical slope model test device of the utility model can be flexibly adjusted according to research needs by setting a bracket with adjustable length, width and height, which is conducive to improving the applicability and utilization rate of the device. The bracket is easy to install and disassemble, which is conducive to improving the convenience and efficiency of installation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the support of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the present invention (the locking nut is not shown).

[0023] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the side panels of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the water and soil collection box of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the utility model.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the overflow generator of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the utility model.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the installation rods of the multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure markings: 1: side panel; 101: through hole; 102: scale line; 2: bracket; 201: bracket rod; 202: mounting rod; 203: mounting groove; 204: locking nut; 3: data acquisition box; 4: water and soil acquisition box; 401: filter; 5: water pump; 6: water reservoir; 7: dry-wet cycle controller; 8: nozzle; 9: water valve; 10: hot air circulation machine; 11: telescopic device; 12: supporting foot; 13: sensor; 14: strain gauge; 15: camera; 16: overflow generator; 1601: receiving chamber; 1602: overflow port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated below with examples, and the scope of protection requested by the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0029] A multi-factor geotechnical slope model test device includes a side panel 1, a bracket 2, a nozzle 8, a hot air circulation machine 10, an overflow generator 16, a water and soil collection box 4, a water supply device, and a monitoring device. The side panel 1 is fixedly arranged on both sides of the model slope. The bracket 2 is erected above the model slope. The nozzle 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 are both detachably connected to the bracket 2. The water supply device is used to supply water to the nozzle 8 and the overflow generator 16. The nozzle 8 is used to spray water on the model slope. The hot air circulation machine 10 is used to perform dry-wet cycles. The overflow generator 16 is arranged at the top of the model slope to generate slope overflow. The water and soil collection box 4 is arranged at the bottom of the model slope to collect soil eroded from the model slope. The monitoring device is used to record and monitor test data.

[0030] In the technical solution of the present invention, side panels 1 are fixedly mounted on either side of the model slope, bracket 2 is mounted above the model slope, and nozzles 8 and a hot air circulation machine 10 are both detachably connected to bracket 2. A water supply device can supply water to nozzles 8 and a flow generator 16. Flow generator 16 is mounted at the top of the model slope, and a water and soil collection box 4 is mounted at the bottom of the model slope. Spraying water onto the slope surface through nozzles 8 can simulate different rainfall conditions, while flow generator 16 can simulate different slope flow patterns. The hot air circulation machine 10 can dry the soil according to test requirements, thereby adjusting the rate and number of dry-wet cycles and effectively recreating the coupled effects of multiple factors in a real geological environment. The water and soil collection box 4 can collect soil eroded from the model slope and separate the soil and water. The monitoring device can monitor the internal and external conditions of the slope (such as stress and displacement), thereby improving the accuracy of the test.

[0031] Specifically, the monitoring device includes a sensor 13, a strain gauge 14 and a data acquisition box 3. The sensor 13 and the strain gauge 14 are connected to the data acquisition box 3 via cables. The sensor 13 is buried in the model slope. The strain gauge 14 is arranged between the model slope and the side plate 1. The specific setting and type of the sensor 13 are determined according to the needs of the test. For example, to monitor the soil moisture and pore water pressure of the model slope, the sensor 13 can be set as a soil moisture sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, etc. The strain gauge 14 is used to monitor the degree of pressure on the side plate 1 in order to obtain the pressure change of the soil on the side plate 1. The data acquisition box 3 is used to receive and record data from the sensor 13 and the strain gauge 14. The sensor 13, strain gauge 14 and data acquisition box 3 in this solution are all existing technologies, and their specific structures are not described here.

[0032] Specifically, the multi-factor geotechnical slope model test apparatus also includes a wet-dry cycle controller 7, which is in communication with a hot air circulation machine 10. This controller is used to control the cycle rate and number of cycles of the hot air circulation machine 10, thereby minimizing the impact of weather on the test and allowing the test to be conducted under the moisture content and other parameters required by the tester. The hot air circulation machine 10 (herein, the Hanglin HYJT-D220-TX3A-0.18) and the wet-dry cycle controller 7 (herein, a variable frequency adjustable switch) in this solution are both prior art, and their specific structures are not described in detail here.

[0033] In one embodiment, the nozzles 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 are both arranged on the top of the bracket 2 , and multiple nozzles 8 are evenly distributed on the top of the bracket 2 , and the hot air circulation machine 10 is arranged in the middle of the top of the bracket 2 .

[0034] This solution simulates rainfall by adjusting the water flow from nozzle 8 and the height of bracket 2. Simulating slope runoff is achieved by adjusting the water output from runoff generator 16. Specific methods for regulating the water output from nozzle 8 and runoff generator 16 include controlling the power of the water pump and installing control valves in the water supply pipeline. Furthermore, to simulate extreme rainfall conditions, nozzle 8 can be configured as a high-pressure nozzle.

[0035] The bracket 2 of this embodiment is movable as a whole to facilitate position adjustment. To reduce the weight of the bracket 2 and facilitate its assembly and disassembly and overall movement, the bracket 2 can be made of aluminum alloy. Furthermore, a fixing device is provided at the bottom of the bracket 2. In one embodiment, the fixing device includes a ground spike and a connecting portion connected to the bottom of the bracket 2. The ground spike can be inserted through the connecting portion to connect to the ground, thereby fixing the position of the bracket 2. Furthermore, the ground spike is provided with barbs to increase its pull-out resistance.

[0036] In another embodiment, a moving device is provided at the bottom of the bracket 2 to facilitate the movement of the bracket 2. Specifically, the moving device is a universal wheel, and the universal wheel is provided with a brake device (such as a foot brake or a knob brake) to facilitate fixing the position.

[0037] Preferably, the length, width, and height of the bracket 2 are adjustable. The bracket 2 includes multiple bracket rods 201 that are detachably connected to each other. The bracket rods 201 include a telescopic device 11, and a first sleeve and a second sleeve that are mounted on both ends of the telescopic device 11. The first sleeve and / or the second sleeve can slide along the length of the telescopic device 11, and the positions of the first sleeve and the second sleeve relative to the telescopic device 11 are both fixed.

[0038] In this solution, the length, width, and height of bracket 2 are all adjustable, allowing the device to be flexibly adjusted according to research needs (e.g., for model slopes of varying sizes, adjusting rainfall height, etc.), thereby improving the device's applicability and utilization. Bracket 2 in this solution is detachable, with each bracket rod 201 connected to each other simply by bolts, making it simple and convenient. The bracket rods 201 are adjusted in length by being moved and fixed along a telescopic mechanism using first and second sleeves. This allows the overall length, width, and height of bracket 2 to be adjusted, allowing for flexible adjustment based on research needs, improving its applicability and utilization.

[0039] In one embodiment, the telescopic device is a telescopic cylinder comprising a cylinder barrel and a telescopic joint. One end of a first sleeve is fixedly mounted on one end of the cylinder barrel, while one end of a second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the cylinder barrel. The inner wall of the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the telescopic joint. When the telescopic cylinder extends, the support rod extends. When the telescopic cylinder contracts, the support rod contracts. This solution enables the support rod 201 to extend and retract to one side.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the telescopic device is a bidirectional telescopic cylinder, which includes a cylinder barrel, and a first telescopic section and a second telescopic section located at both ends of the cylinder barrel. The first telescopic section and the second telescopic section can extend or retract into the cylinder barrel at the same time. One end of the first sleeve is slidably mounted on one end of the cylinder barrel, and the inner wall of the first sleeve is fixedly connected to the first telescopic section. One end of the second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the cylinder barrel, and the inner wall of the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the second telescopic section. When the first telescopic section and the second telescopic section extend out of the cylinder barrel at the same time, the support rod extends. When the first telescopic section and the second telescopic section retract into the cylinder barrel at the same time, the support rod shortens. This solution allows the support rod 201 to extend and retract to both sides at the same time.

[0041] In another embodiment, the telescopic device includes a connecting rod with a plurality of first threaded holes at both ends and a locking bolt. One end of the first sleeve is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes with the same inner diameter as the first threaded holes, and one end of the second sleeve is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes with the same inner diameter as the first threaded holes. The first sleeve is slidably mounted on one end of the connecting rod, and the second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the connecting rod. The first threaded hole at one end of the connecting rod can be aligned with the second threaded hole, and the first threaded hole at the other end of the connecting rod can be aligned with the third threaded hole. At one end of the connecting rod, the locking bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole and the first threaded hole for locking, and at the other end of the connecting rod, the locking bolt is inserted into the third threaded hole and the first threaded hole for locking, thereby fixing the length of the support rod. Specifically, the first threaded hole, the second threaded hole, and the third threaded hole are evenly spaced along the length of the support rod. This solution has a simple structure, and the support rod 201 can be telescoped to both sides and can be directly operated manually.

[0042] Preferably, the support rods 201 are divided into multiple vertical support rods and multiple horizontal support rods. The ends of the horizontal support rods are respectively connected to the tops of two adjacent vertical support rods. The support rods 202 also include mounting rods 202, the ends of which are respectively connected to two opposing horizontal support rods. The nozzles 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 are both detachably connected to the mounting rods 202.

[0043] In one embodiment, the nozzle and the hot air circulation machine are tied and connected to the mounting rod to facilitate adjustment of their positions on the bracket 2 .

[0044] Preferably, the upper portions of the two opposing horizontal support rods are each provided with a plurality of mounting slots 203. One end of the mounting rod 202 is inserted into the mounting slot 203 of one horizontal support rod, and the other end is inserted into the mounting slot 203 of the other horizontal support rod. Locking nuts 204 are threadedly connected to each end of the mounting rod 202. The two locking nuts 204 respectively abut the outer walls of the two opposing horizontal support rods to secure the position of the mounting rod 202 relative to the horizontal support rods.

[0045] In this solution, mounting slots 203 restrict the horizontal movement of mounting rod 202. Locking nuts 204 at each end, respectively pressed against the sides of bracket 2, further secure the mounting rod 202 relative to bracket 2. Multiple mounting slots 203 allow for multiple mounting rods 202 to be installed in different positions. Specifically, the shape of mounting slots 203 matches that of mounting rods 202, allowing mounting rods 202 to fit snugly within them. In one embodiment, bracket rod 201 is a square rod, mounting rod 202 is a round rod, and mounting slots 203 are arcuate.

[0046] Preferably, the water supply device includes a water reservoir 6, a water pump 5, and a water supply pipeline. The water reservoir 6 delivers water to the nozzle 8 and the overflow generator 16 via the water pump 5 and the water supply pipeline, respectively. The water supply pipeline includes a first pipeline connected to the nozzle 8 and a second pipeline connected to the overflow generator 16. The first pipeline is provided with a first valve 9. The second pipeline is provided with a second valve.

[0047] The first valve 9 is used to control the water supply to the showerhead 8, and the second valve is used to control the water supply to the flood generator 16. In one embodiment, the first valve 9 and the second valve are both solenoid valves. Furthermore, flow meters can be installed on the first and second pipelines to monitor the water supply.

[0048] Preferably, the overflow generator 16 includes a receiving chamber 1601 for receiving the water flow, and an overflow port 1602 disposed at the top of the receiving chamber 1601. The receiving chamber 1601 is connected to the second pipeline. Specifically, the overflow port 1602 is the same width as the model slope. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the receiving chamber 1601.

[0049] Preferably, the top of the water and soil collection box 4 is open, aligned with the bottom of the simulated slope. Multiple removable filters 401 of varying mesh sizes are installed along the height of the box 4. The mesh sizes of the filters 401 decrease from the top to the bottom of the box 4. The bottom of the water and soil collection box 4 is a graduated water collection tank.

[0050] Filters 401 with varying mesh sizes can separate soil particles of varying sizes, improving work efficiency. A graduated water collection tank at the bottom collects slope runoff. Specifically, the length of the water and soil collection tank 4 should be no less than the width of the model slope. A water outlet valve is located at the bottom of the graduated water collection tank. Furthermore, a warning device (such as a float switch) is installed within the graduated water collection tank to issue an alert when the water flow within the graduated water collection tank reaches maximum capacity.

[0051] Preferably, the side panel 1 is transparent. A scale mark 102 is provided on the side panel 1. Multiple through holes 101 are provided through the side panel 1 for passing cables of a monitoring device. A support device for supporting the side panel 1 is provided on the side of the side panel 1 facing away from the model slope.

[0052] Side panels 1 are transparent, making it easier for staff to observe test phenomena. The provision of through-holes 101 minimizes the impact of the monitoring device's cables on the test. Scale lines 102 quantify soil changes during the test. In one embodiment, side panels 1 are made of transparent plexiglass, which offers greater durability and facilitates observation of test phenomena compared to metal side panels.

[0053] Preferably, the support device includes a plurality of support legs 12. One end of the support leg 12 is fixedly connected to the side panel 1, and the other end is connected to the ground. Specifically, one end of the support leg 12 is connected to the side panel 1 by a bolt, and the other end is inserted into the ground for fixation.

[0054] Preferably, the monitoring device includes a camera 15. The camera 15 is positioned in front of the model slope and faces the slope surface of the model slope. Specifically, the camera 15 is communicatively connected (e.g., wirelessly connected) to the data acquisition box 3 to transmit captured slope surface image data to the data acquisition box 3.

[0055] The specific steps of using this device for on-site in-situ testing are as follows:

[0056] Step 1. Test site preparation: Based on the on-site geological survey, find a representative or well-equipped in-situ physical model test site, clear the surface vegetation and shallow roots, and define the scope of the model slope.

[0057] Step 2: Excavate the in-situ physical model and pre-embed the sensors: Use mechanical excavation tools to remove the rock and soil within a 2-3m radius around the test area to the designed elevation at the bottom of the model slope. This rock and soil is then trimmed into a model slope with smooth edges and a flat surface to facilitate the embedding of sensors and the installation of side panels 1. Care should be taken during excavation to avoid significant disturbance of the soil within the test site. After excavation, install sensors 13 at designated locations within the in-situ model and strain gauges 14 at designated locations on the sidewalls. Backfill is then performed, and side panels 1 are then installed and secured with support legs 12. The cables for sensors 13 and strain gauges 14 are passed through holes 101 in side panels 1.

[0058] Step 3, install the bracket and supporting facilities: transport the bracket rod 201 to the site and assemble it according to the size of the in-situ model site, then install all the devices that should be installed on the bracket 2, such as the hot air circulation machine 10, the nozzle 8, the diffuser generator 16, etc. Each device should be debugged after installation.

[0059] Step 4: Start the test: Turn on the monitoring device and wait for the image and sensor data transmission to stabilize before starting the test. Depending on the test plan, the experimenter can adjust the rainfall amount, rainfall duration, dry-wet cycle rate, number of dry-wet cycles, overland flow, coupling methods for each test condition, and the activation sequence. Record the images captured by the camera 15 after the test begins, as well as the data from each sensor 13 and strain gauge 14, until the model slope undergoes overall displacement or complete failure.

[0060] Step 5. Test results and analysis: After the test, the data and images collected during the test are analyzed using data analysis software and image processing software to obtain the changing patterns of the displacement field, stress field, and slope erosion of the model slope from the beginning to complete instability and failure of the in-situ model test, so as to study the composite failure mechanism of slope sliding instability.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] like Figure 1-7As shown, a multi-factor geotechnical slope model test device includes a side panel 1, a bracket 2, a nozzle 8, a hot air circulation machine 10, an overflow generator 16, a water and soil collection box 4, a water supply device and a monitoring device. The side panel 1 is fixedly arranged on both sides of the model slope. The bracket 2 is erected above the model slope. The nozzle 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 can be detachably connected to the bracket 2. The water supply device is used to supply water to the nozzle 8 and the overflow generator 16. The nozzle 8 is used to spray water on the model slope. The hot air circulation machine 10 is used to perform dry-wet cycles. The overflow generator 16 is arranged at the top of the model slope to generate slope overflow. The water and soil collection box 4 is arranged at the bottom of the model slope to collect soil eroded from the model slope. The monitoring device is used to record and monitor test data.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] Example 1 is repeated, except that the length, width, and height of the bracket 2 are adjustable. The bracket 2 comprises a plurality of detachably connected bracket rods 201. The bracket rods 201 include a telescopic device 11, and a first sleeve and a second sleeve disposed at each end of the telescopic device 11. The first sleeve and / or the second sleeve can slide along the length of the telescopic device 11, and the positions of the first sleeve and the second sleeve relative to the telescopic device 11 are both fixed.

[0065] Example 3:

[0066] Repeat Example 2, except that the telescopic device includes a connecting rod with multiple first threaded holes at both ends and a locking bolt. One end of the first sleeve is provided with multiple second threaded holes with the same inner diameter as the first threaded holes, and one end of the second sleeve is provided with multiple third threaded holes with the same inner diameter as the first threaded holes. The first sleeve is slidably mounted on one end of the connecting rod, and the second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the connecting rod. The first threaded hole at one end of the connecting rod can be aligned with the second threaded hole, and the first threaded hole at the other end of the connecting rod can be aligned with the third threaded hole. At one end of the connecting rod, the locking bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole and the first threaded hole to lock, and at the other end of the connecting rod, the locking bolt is inserted into the third threaded hole and the first threaded hole to lock, thereby fixing the length of the support rod. Specifically, the first threaded hole, the second threaded hole, and the third threaded hole are evenly spaced along the length of the support rod. This solution has a simple structure, and the support rod 201 can be telescoped to both sides and can be directly operated manually.

[0067] Example 4:

[0068] Repeat Example 2, except that the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic cylinder, which includes a cylinder barrel and a telescopic joint. One end of a first sleeve is fixedly mounted on one end of the cylinder barrel, while one end of a second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the cylinder barrel. The inner wall of the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the telescopic joint. When the telescopic cylinder extends, the support rod extends. When the telescopic cylinder contracts, the support rod contracts. This solution allows the support rod 201 to extend and retract to one side.

[0069] Example 5:

[0070] Repeat Example 2, except that the telescopic device includes a two-way telescopic cylinder, which includes a cylinder barrel, and a first telescopic section and a second telescopic section located at both ends of the cylinder barrel. The first telescopic section and the second telescopic section can extend or retract into the cylinder barrel at the same time. One end of the first sleeve is slidably mounted on one end of the cylinder barrel, and the inner wall of the first sleeve is fixedly connected to the first telescopic section. One end of the second sleeve is slidably mounted on the other end of the cylinder barrel, and the inner wall of the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the second telescopic section. When the first telescopic section and the second telescopic section extend out of the cylinder barrel at the same time, the support rod extends. When the first telescopic section and the second telescopic section retract into the cylinder barrel at the same time, the support rod shortens. This solution allows the support rod 201 to extend and retract to both sides at the same time.

[0071] Example 6:

[0072] Repeat Example 5, except that the support rod 201 is divided into multiple vertical support rods and multiple horizontal support rods, and the two ends of the horizontal support rod are respectively connected to the top ends of the two adjacent vertical support rods. The support 2 also includes a mounting rod 202, and the two ends of the mounting rod 202 are respectively connected to two horizontal support rods opposite to each other. The nozzle 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 can be detachably connected to the mounting rod 202.

[0073] Example 7:

[0074] Repeat Example 6, except that the nozzle 8 and the hot air circulation machine 10 are both connected to the mounting rod 202 by binding tape.

[0075] Example 8:

[0076] Repeat Example 7, except that a plurality of mounting grooves 203 are provided on the upper portions of the two horizontal support rods opposite to each other, one end of the mounting rod 202 is embedded in the mounting groove 203 of one of the horizontal support rods, and the other end is embedded in the mounting groove 203 of the other horizontal support rod. Both ends of the mounting rod 202 are respectively threadedly connected with locking nuts 204. The two locking nuts 204 respectively abut against the outer walls of the two horizontal support rods opposite to each other to fix the position of the mounting rod 202 relative to the horizontal support rods.

[0077] Example 9:

[0078] Repeat Example 8, except that the water supply device includes a water reservoir 6, a water pump 5 and a water supply pipeline. The water reservoir 6 transports water to the nozzle 8 and the overflow generator 16 respectively through the water pump 5 and the water supply pipeline. The water supply pipeline includes a first pipeline connected to the nozzle 8 and a second pipeline connected to the overflow generator 16. A first valve 9 is provided on the first pipeline, and a second valve is provided on the second pipeline.

[0079] Example 10:

[0080] Example 9 is repeated, except that the overflow generator 16 includes a receiving chamber 1601 for receiving water flow, and an overflow port 1602 provided at the top of the receiving chamber 1601 , and the receiving chamber 1601 is connected to the second pipeline.

[0081] Example 11:

[0082] Example 10 is repeated, except that the upper part of the water and soil collection box 4 is open, and the opening is aligned with the bottom of the simulated slope. The interior of the water and soil collection box 4 is detachably provided with multiple filter screens 401 with different mesh sizes along the height direction. The mesh sizes of the multiple filter screens 401 decrease from the upper part to the lower part of the water and soil collection box 4. The lower part of the water and soil collection box 4 is a scale water collection box.

[0083] Example 12:

[0084] Repeat Example 11, except that the side panel 1 is a transparent side panel, and a scale line 102 is provided on the side panel 1. A plurality of through holes 101 are provided through the side panel 1, and the through holes 101 are used to pass the cables of the monitoring device. A supporting device for supporting the side panel 1 is provided on the side of the side panel 1 facing away from the model slope.

[0085] Example 13:

[0086] Repeat Example 12, except that the supporting device includes a plurality of supporting legs 12. One end of the supporting leg 12 is fixedly connected to the side panel 1, and the other end is connected to the ground.

[0087] Example 14:

[0088] Repeat Example 13, except that the end of the support leg 12 facing away from the side plate 1 is a pointed end, and the support leg 12 is inserted into the ground through the pointed end.

[0089] Example 15:

[0090] Example 14 is repeated, except that the monitoring device includes a camera 15 , a sensor 13 , a strain gauge 14 and a data acquisition box 3 .

[0091] The camera 15 is arranged in front of the model slope and faces the slope surface of the model slope, and is used to take pictures of the slope surface.

[0092] The sensor 13 and the strain gauge 14 are both connected to the data acquisition box 3 via cables. The sensor 13 is buried in the model slope. The strain gauge 14 is set between the model slope and the side plate 1.

[0093] The data acquisition box 3 is used to receive and record data from the sensor 13 , the strain gauge 14 and the camera 15 .

Claims

1. A multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device, characterized by: The device comprises side panels (1), brackets (2), nozzles (8), hot air circulation machines (10), overflow generators (16), water and soil collection boxes (4), a water supply device and a monitoring device; the side panels (1) are fixedly arranged on both sides of the model slope; the brackets (2) are erected above the model slope; the nozzles (8) and the hot air circulation machines (10) are both detachably connected to the brackets (2); the water supply device is used to supply water to the nozzles (8) and the overflow generators (16); the nozzles (8) are used to spray water on the model slope; the hot air circulation machines (10) are used to perform dry-wet cycles; the overflow generators (16) are arranged at the top of the model slope to generate slope overflow; the water and soil collection boxes (4) are arranged at the bottom of the model slope to collect soil eroded from the model slope; and the monitoring device is used to record and monitor test data.

2. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length, width and height of the bracket (2) are adjustable; the bracket (2) comprises a plurality of bracket rods (201) detachably connected to each other; the bracket rods (201) comprise a telescopic device (11), and a first sleeve and a second sleeve sleeve mounted at both ends of the telescopic device (11); the first sleeve and / or the second sleeve sleeve can slide along the length direction of the telescopic device (11), and the positions of the first sleeve and the second sleeve sleeve relative to the telescopic device (11) can be fixed.

3. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support rod (201) is divided into a plurality of vertical support rods and a plurality of horizontal support rods; the two ends of the horizontal support rod are respectively connected to the top ends of two adjacent vertical support rods; the support (2) also includes a mounting rod (202), the two ends of the mounting rod (202) are respectively connected to two horizontal support rods opposite to each other; the nozzle (8) and the hot air circulation machine (10) can be detachably connected to the mounting rod (202).

4. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A plurality of mounting slots (203) are provided on the upper portions of the two horizontal support rods that are opposite to each other, one end of the mounting rod (202) is embedded in the mounting slot (203) of one of the horizontal support rods, and the other end is embedded in the mounting slot (203) of the other horizontal support rod; both ends of the mounting rod (202) are respectively threadedly connected with locking nuts (204); the two locking nuts (204) respectively abut against the outer walls of the two horizontal support rods that are opposite to each other to fix the position of the mounting rod (202) relative to the horizontal support rods.

5. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply device comprises a water reservoir (6), a water pump (5) and a water supply pipeline; the water reservoir (6) transports water to the nozzle (8) and the overflow generator (16) respectively through the water pump (5) and the water supply pipeline; the water supply pipeline comprises a first pipeline connected to the nozzle (8) and a second pipeline connected to the overflow generator (16); a first valve (9) is provided on the first pipeline; and a second valve is provided on the second pipeline.

6. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The overflow generator (16) comprises a receiving chamber (1601) for receiving water flow, and an overflow port (1602) arranged at the top of the receiving chamber (1601); the receiving chamber (1601) is connected to the second pipeline.

7. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper portion of the water and soil collection box (4) is open, and the opening is aligned with the bottom of the simulated slope; the interior of the water and soil collection box (4) is detachably provided with a plurality of filter screens (401) of different mesh sizes along the height direction; the mesh sizes of the plurality of filter screens (401) decrease in sequence from the upper portion to the lower portion of the water and soil collection box (4); and the lower portion of the water and soil collection box (4) is a scaled water collection box.

8. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panel (1) is a transparent side panel; scale lines (102) are provided on the side panel (1); a plurality of through holes (101) are provided through the side panel (1), and the through holes (101) are used to pass cables of the monitoring device; a support device for supporting the side panel (1) is provided on a side of the side panel (1) facing away from the model slope.

9. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The supporting device comprises a plurality of supporting legs (12); one end of the supporting leg (12) is fixedly connected to the side plate (1), and the other end is connected to the ground.

10. The multi-factor rock and soil slope model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device comprises a camera (15); the camera (15) is arranged in front of the model slope and faces the slope surface of the model slope.

Images