Multifunctional intramedullary nail and nail placement assistor

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly discloses a multifunctional intramedullary nail and a nail placement assistor, the multifunctional intramedullary nail comprises an intramedullary nail body, the intramedullary nail body comprises a locking part, the locking part is connected with a guide part through a connecting part, the guide part comprises a fin-shaped nail detachably connected with the connecting part, and the fin-shaped nail is connected with the connecting part. Four fin-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed on the periphery of the fin-shaped nail, and a guide hole is formed in the transverse center of the fin-shaped nail. External instrument connecting grooves are symmetrically formed in the end, away from the connecting part, of the locking part; a transverse locking hole and a longitudinal locking hole which are in clearance fit are formed in the locking part, a transverse locking screw is arranged in the transverse locking hole, and a longitudinal locking screw is arranged in the longitudinal locking hole; the fin-shaped nail is detachably connected with the connecting part, the fin-shaped nails of different models can be selected according to the requirements of different types of fractures, and the fin-shaped nail can adapt to the different types of fractures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular relates to a multifunctional intramedullary nail, and also relates to a nail placement auxiliary device dedicated to the multifunctional intramedullary nail. Background Art

[0002] When the human body is subjected to external force that exceeds the bearing capacity of the bones, fractures often occur. Depending on the location of the external force, the location of the fracture is also different. There is relatively less soft tissue and poor blood circulation capacity, which will prolong the patient's postoperative recovery time.

[0003] Everyone has two symmetrical pubic bones, one on the left and one on the right side of the pelvis. The front of the entire pelvis is connected by the cartilage between the two pubic bones. The pubic bone is like a hollow ring. When the human body stands, the pubic ring structure can be divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts, namely the upper and lower branches of the pubic bone. The upper and lower branches of the pubic bone will fracture at the same time when subjected to external force. Depending on the strength of the injury, unilateral or bilateral fractures of the upper and lower branches of the pubic bone may occur. Most patients suffer from fractures of the upper and lower branches of the pubic bone due to more serious trauma.

[0004] Long bones are long, tubular bones found primarily in the limbs. Their ends are called extremities, and the main portion between them is the shaft. The shaft is hollow and tubular, so long bones are also called tubular bones. The surface of the extremities is composed of compact bone, while the interior is composed of spongy bone. The walls of the shaft are composed solely of compact bone. The spongy bone at the extremities develops a structure aligned with the axis of force due to weight-bearing, demonstrating its adaptation to support function. Long bone fractures are typically caused by strong external impacts such as compression, torsion, or direct blows from hard objects. The severity of the fracture varies depending on the triggering factors.

[0005] Currently, for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures in clinical practice, hollow screws in the superior pubic ramus are the most commonly used minimally invasive fixation method for the anterior pelvic ring. This method requires a skin incision, positioning below and outside the pubic tubercle, inserting a guide needle, and inserting a hollow screw after confirming the appropriate position. The screw is confirmed to be located within the superior pubic ramus by X-raying the pelvis, and the wound is closed.

[0006] However, this type of screw fixation has some disadvantages, mainly including the following: the anatomy of the anterior pelvic ring is complex, and traditional screw insertion technology is very difficult; traditional screws are prone to loosening and falling off; the stability is poor, which prolongs the patient's bed rest time; and the function is single.

[0007] Currently, the most commonly used screws for the treatment of traumatic fractures of long bones in clinical practice are interlocking intramedullary nails. This internal fixation technique requires an incision to be made first, followed by reduction by traction surgery, through the fracture ends, and into the distal medullary cavity before a guide wire is inserted. A main wire of appropriate length is selected for insertion, and an elastic sleeve is provided outside the annular groove to help generate stress stimulation in the bone tissue and accelerate healing. However, this type of screw fixation has some disadvantages, including the following: poor firmness, loose contact between the intramedullary nail and the bone, and easy withdrawal of the intramedullary nail and fracture displacement; low friction, easy rotation, and unstable fixation; a threaded structure that can easily bruise the bone; and an integrated design with a large overall size that is not easy to insert screws for minimally invasive surgery. Utility Model Content

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, this patent provides a multifunctional intramedullary nail that can adapt to different types of fractures, and also provides a nail placement assistant for the multifunctional intramedullary nail.

[0009] Based on the above objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A multifunctional intramedullary nail comprises an intramedullary nail body, which comprises a locking portion, which is connected to a guide portion via a connecting portion, and the guide portion comprises a fin-shaped nail detachably connected to the connecting portion, and four fin-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed on the periphery of the fin-shaped nail, and a guide hole is provided on the transverse center of the fin-shaped nail, and the guide hole has a diameter of 2.25 mm; an external instrument connection groove is symmetrically provided at one end of the locking portion away from the connecting portion; a transverse locking hole and a longitudinal locking hole with clearance fit are provided on the locking portion, and the two locking holes are respectively arranged along the long axis direction and the vertical direction of the superior pubic branch of the pelvis or the long intramedullary nail, and the diameter of the two locking holes is 3.5 mm, a transverse locking screw is provided in the transverse locking hole, and a longitudinal locking screw is provided in the longitudinal locking hole, to ensure the precise installation and fixation of the intramedullary nail and facilitate the locking of the intramedullary nail in the bone; the external instrument connection groove is used to connect with a nail placement assistant.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting nut is provided at one end of the connecting part close to the fin-shaped nail, and the connecting nut cooperates with the hollow screw arranged at the end of the fin-shaped nail head. The connecting nut is an arc-shaped cylinder, which is slightly thinner at the end and transitions with the fin-shaped protrusion. The arc of the connecting nut is 15°, which serves as a transition.

[0012] Preferably, the fin-shaped protrusion is a rectangular protrusion; and the diameter of the connecting portion gradually increases along the fin-shaped nail toward the locking portion.

[0013] Preferably, the curvature of the fin-shaped nail is 0°-30°.

[0014] Preferably, the cross section of the fin-shaped nail is square or circular, the side length of the square is 2.5 mm, and the diameter of the circle is 2.5 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the height of the fin-shaped protrusion is 2.0 mm.

[0016] Preferably, a hollow pipe connected to the guide hole is provided in the locking portion and the guide portion, and the diameter of the hollow pipe is 2.25 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the connection between the guide portion and the connection portion is a streamlined smooth transition curve.

[0018] A nail placement assisting device according to the above-mentioned multifunctional intramedullary nail includes a telescopic plate III, which is connected to the telescopic plate I through the telescopic plate II, and the telescopic plate II cooperates with the telescopic groove II provided at one end of the telescopic plate III away from the locking part; the end of the telescopic plate II close to the telescopic plate I is provided with a telescopic groove I.

[0019] Preferably, the telescopic plate III is provided with a rotating nut II that matches the telescopic slot II; the telescopic plate II is provided with a rotating nut I that matches the telescopic slot I.

[0020] Preferably, a hammer plate is provided on the outer side of the telescopic plate I; a nail hole I and a nail hole II with clearance fit are provided on the telescopic plate III; the distance between the nail hole I and the nail hole II is equal to the distance between the transverse locking hole and the longitudinal locking hole of the locking part; the telescopic plate II is an L-shaped plate.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) The fin-shaped nail of the present invention is detachably connected to the connecting portion. Different types of fin-shaped nails can be selected according to the needs of different types of fractures, so that the present invention can adapt to different types of fractures. There are two types of fin-shaped nails: straight nails and curved nails. Straight nails are used for long bone fractures, and curved nails are used for pelvic fractures. This can increase the selectivity of treatment instruments for pelvic fractures and long bone trauma fractures, and can also increase the versatility of intramedullary nails. The guide portion and the connecting portion of the present invention are detachable and disassembled, which is conducive to the insertion of screws in minimally invasive surgery. The fin-shaped nails can be replaced according to different types of fractures.

[0023] (2) The present invention measures the angle and maximum diameter of the superior pubic ramus, accurately measures the full angle of the guide portion, and adopts a curved fin-shaped nail, which reduces the difficulty of intramedullary nail placement and has the characteristics of anatomical conformity and reliable fixation. The present application combines clinical data and literature to determine the position of the needle placement for long bone fractures and the position of the fracture line and the midline of the medullary cavity to design a fin-shaped nail. The length of the fin-shaped nail can be customized according to specific needs, and it is suitable for different long bone fracture sites, with a more reliable fixation effect.

[0024] (3) The fin-shaped nail adopts a bionic fish fin design, which can reduce rotation, ensure that the fin-shaped nail is tightly integrated with the bone, reduce the possibility of rotation and slippage of the intramedullary nail before and after insertion, and reduce the risk of secondary injury and complications to the patient; four fin-shaped protrusions of equal length are used to fix the fracture site to ensure that the fracture does not deviate or rotate after reduction and fixation.

[0025] (4) The utility model is designed to fit the anterior pelvic ring with longitudinal locking screws and transverse locking screws. On the one hand, it reduces friction damage of the intramedullary nail on bone and other soft tissues, and on the other hand, it avoids damage to important nerves, blood vessels and internal organs as much as possible. It has the advantages of fitting the bone surface and dual fixation. The nail placement aid of the utility model is specifically designed for the intramedullary nail of this application to ensure the precise installation and fixation of the intramedullary nail.

[0026] (5) The utility model is mainly composed of a guide part and a locking part; the guide part is in an arc shape; a connecting part is provided between the locking part and the guide part, and the connecting part gradually tapers from near to far and is connected to the main body of the guide end; a longitudinal locking hole and a transverse locking hole are provided on the locking part; in addition, the tail of the guide end has a curved part, and the curved part gradually tapers from near to far, and the main body of the guide end and the curved part adopt a streamlined smooth transition, which can be shaped according to surgical needs.

[0027] (6) This intramedullary nail has a hollow cavity equipped with a Kirschner wire. After the Kirschner wire is accurately positioned during surgery, the intramedullary nail passes through the Kirschner wire to achieve precise placement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the tail end portion of the fin-shaped nail in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the straight nail structure of the utility model in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bent nail structure of the utility model in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nail placement assisting device in Example 1.

[0033] In the figure, locking part 1, connecting part 2, fin-shaped nail 3, guide hole 4, fin-shaped protrusion 5, longitudinal locking screw 6, transverse locking screw 7, longitudinal locking hole 8, transverse locking hole 9, external instrument connecting groove 10, connecting nut 11, hollow screw 12, telescopic plate I 13, telescopic plate II 14, telescopic plate III 15, hammering plate 16, rotating nut I 17, telescopic slot I 18, rotating nut II 19, telescopic slot II 20, nail hole I 21, nail hole II 22. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below through specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A multifunctional intramedullary nail, the structure of which is as follows Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, Figure 1 The connecting nut 11 is not shown, and includes an intramedullary nail body. The intramedullary nail body includes a locking part 1, and the locking part 1 is connected to a guide part through a connecting part 2. The guide part includes a fin-shaped nail 3 detachably connected to the connecting part 2. Four fin-shaped protrusions 5 are evenly distributed on the periphery of the fin-shaped nail 3, and a guide hole 4 is provided on the transverse center of the fin-shaped nail 3; an external instrument connection groove 10 is symmetrically opened at one end of the locking part 1 away from the connecting part 2; a transverse locking hole 9 and a longitudinal locking hole 8 with clearance fit are provided on the locking part 1, a transverse locking screw 7 is provided in the transverse locking hole 9, and a longitudinal locking screw 6 is provided in the longitudinal locking hole 8.

[0037] The end of the connecting portion 2 near the fin-shaped nail 3 is equipped with a connecting nut 11, which mates with a hollow screw 12 at the head of the fin-shaped nail 3. The fin-shaped protrusion 5 is a rectangular protrusion; the diameter of the connecting portion 2 gradually increases along the fin-shaped nail 3 toward the locking portion 1. The curvature of the fin-shaped nail 3 ranges from 0° to 30°; the cross-section of the fin-shaped nail 3 is a circle with a diameter of 2.5mm; the height of the fin-shaped protrusion 5 is 2.0mm; the cross-section of the guide hole 4 is a circle with a diameter of 2.25mm; the height of the fin-shaped protrusion 5 is 2.0mm.

[0038] The locking portion 1 and the guide portion contain a hollow tube connected to the guide hole 4. The junction between the guide portion and the connecting portion 2 is a streamlined, smooth transition curve. The total length of this intramedullary nail is 100mm, 110mm, and 120mm; the locking portion 1, connecting portion 2, and the guide portion are made of titanium alloy.

[0039] A nail placement aid for the multifunctional intramedullary nail includes a telescopic plate III 15, which is connected to telescopic plate I 13 via a telescopic plate II 14. Telescopic plate II 14 engages with a telescopic slot II 20 provided at the end of telescopic plate III 15 distal from the locking portion 1. A telescopic slot I 18 is provided at the end of telescopic plate II 14 proximal to telescopic plate I 13. A rotating nut II 19 is provided on telescopic plate III 15, engaging with telescopic slot II 20. A rotating nut I 17 is provided on telescopic plate II 14, engaging with telescopic slot I 18. A hammer plate 16 is provided on the outer side of telescopic plate I 13. Telescopic plate III 15 is provided with a clearance-fitting nail placement hole I 21 and a nail placement hole II 22. The distance between nail placement holes I 21 and II 22 is equal to the distance between the transverse locking hole 9 and the longitudinal locking hole 8.

[0040] The tail end of the guide portion of the present invention is provided with a connecting portion 2 , which is cylindrical and slightly tapered at the end, and is approximately in the shape of a bullet head. The connecting portion 2 is integrated with the four fin-shaped protrusions 5 of the fin-shaped nail 3 .

[0041] When using the utility model, the longitudinal locking screw 6 and the transverse locking screw 7 of the locking part 1 of the present application can greatly increase the firmness of the intramedullary nail, and prevent the displacement or falling off of the intramedullary nail during the patient's postoperative recovery process. The longitudinal locking hole 8 and the transverse locking hole 9 are respectively used to fix the longitudinal locking screw 6 and the transverse locking screw 7, thereby fixing the intramedullary nail; before the operation, a suitable intramedullary nail is selected, and the fin-shaped nail 3 is replaced by disassembling the connecting nut 11 and the hollow screw 12, and the horizontal and vertical heights of the nail placement auxiliary device are adjusted to align the nail placement hole II 22 with the longitudinal locking screw 6. During the operation, the longitudinal locking screw 6 is first driven in with the assistance of fluoroscopy, the nail placement auxiliary device is rotated 90 degrees, and the transverse locking screw 7 is inserted through the nail placement hole I 21; the design of the intramedullary nail that can be shaped to a certain extent shortens the operation time, and at the same time reduces the adverse effects of intraoperative radiation on the doctor's health; the incision of this operation is small, and the patient's postoperative recovery effect is good. During the operation, the doctor implants the Kirschner wire according to the needle insertion route planned in advance. After the Kirschner wire is implanted, the pelvic suprapubic ramus intramedullary nail is implanted through the guide hole 4 in front of the fin-shaped nail 3.

[0042] During the operation, the intramedullary nail is connected to the nail placement assistant through the external instrument connection slot 10, and the telescopic plate I 13 is adjusted in the telescopic slot I 18 in the telescopic plate II 14. After the adjustment is completed, the telescopic plate I 13 is fixed to the telescopic slot I 18 with the rotating nut I 17, and the telescopic plate II 14 is adjusted in the telescopic slot II 20 of the telescopic plate III 15. After the adjustment is completed, the telescopic plate II 14 is fixed to the telescopic slot II 20 with the rotating nut II 19. The intramedullary nail is gently knocked into the upper ramus of the pelvis by knocking the hammer plate 16. During the operation, the intramedullary nail is observed by fluoroscopy to see whether it is in the bone. The fin-shaped protrusion 5 can prevent the intramedullary nail from shifting or rotating.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A multifunctional intramedullary nail is different from the embodiment 1 in that four external instrument connection grooves 10 are symmetrically opened at one end of the locking portion 1 away from the connection portion 2 .

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A multifunctional intramedullary nail is different from the embodiment 1 in that: two external instrument connection grooves 10 are symmetrically provided at one end of the locking portion 1 away from the connection portion 2 .

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited to the above examples. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional intramedullary nail, comprising an intramedullary nail body, characterized in that: The intramedullary nail body includes a locking portion, which is connected to a guide portion through a connecting portion. The guide portion includes a fin-shaped nail detachably connected to the connecting portion, four fin-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed on the periphery of the fin-shaped nail, and a guide hole is provided on the transverse center of the fin-shaped nail; an external instrument connection groove is symmetrically opened at one end of the locking portion away from the connecting portion; a transverse locking hole and a longitudinal locking hole with clearance fit are provided on the locking portion, a transverse locking screw is provided in the transverse locking hole, and a longitudinal locking screw is provided in the longitudinal locking hole.

2. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting nut is provided at one end of the connecting portion close to the fin-shaped nail, and the connecting nut is matched with a hollow screw arranged at the end of the fin-shaped nail head.

3. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fin-shaped protrusion is a rectangular protrusion; the diameter of the connecting portion gradually increases along the fin-shaped nail toward the locking portion.

4. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the fin-shaped nail is 0°-30°; the cross section of the fin-shaped nail is square or circular.

5. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the cross section of the fin-shaped nail is a square, the side length of the square is 2.5 mm; when the cross section of the fin-shaped nail is a circle, the diameter of the circle is 2.5 mm; and the height of the fin-shaped protrusion is 2.0 mm.

6. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hollow pipe connected to the guide hole is provided in the locking part and the guide part.

7. The multifunctional intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the guide portion and the connection portion is a streamlined smooth transition curve.

8. A nail placement assisting device for a multifunctional intramedullary nail according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a telescopic plate III, which is connected to the telescopic plate I through the telescopic plate II. The telescopic plate II cooperates with the telescopic groove II set at one end of the telescopic plate III away from the locking part; the end of the telescopic plate II close to the telescopic plate I is provided with a telescopic groove I.

9. The nail placement aid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic plate III is provided with a rotating nut II that matches the telescopic slot II; the telescopic plate II is provided with a rotating nut I that matches the telescopic slot I.

10. The nail placement aid according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer side surface of the telescopic plate I is provided with a hammer plate; the telescopic plate III is provided with a nail placement hole I and a nail placement hole II with clearance fit.

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