Flame-retardant fireproof plastic

Abstract

The utility model discloses flame-retardant fireproof plastic, which is applied to a cable protection sleeve and comprises a polyimide plastic matrix layer, the boron nitride flame-retardant layer is arranged on the upper surface of the polyimide plastic matrix layer; the fireproof fiber layer is arranged on the outer surface of the boron nitride flame-retardant layer; wherein a honeycomb-shaped pore structure with the depth of 0.1-0.5 mm is arranged on the surface of the polyimide plastic matrix layer; the boron nitride flame-retardant layer is of a wavy structure, the wave crest height ranges from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, the wave trough depth ranges from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, and the wavelength ranges from 2 mm to 5 mm. The fireproof fiber layer is of a porous structure, the aperture ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, and the porosity ranges from 40% to 60%. Compared with the prior art, the plastic provided by the utility model has excellent flame retardant property and fireproof effect, and can effectively improve the safety and service life of the cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of plastics, in particular to a flame retardant and fireproof plastic. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in cable systems, cable sheaths' performance directly impacts the cable's service life, safety, and reliability. With the rapid development of modern industry and power systems, cable sheaths face increasingly severe safety challenges, particularly with increasing demands for fire prevention and control. Currently, cable sheaths are primarily made of plastic materials, which are widely used in the industry due to their excellent processing properties, insulation performance, and cost-effectiveness.

[0003] However, existing plastics used in cable protective sleeves generally have problems with insufficient fire resistance and poor flame retardancy. These defects are particularly prominent in practical applications: 1) Insufficient fire resistance: In the event of a fire, ordinary plastics tend to burn quickly and produce a large amount of toxic smoke, which not only fails to effectively protect the cables, but also accelerates the spread of fire, increases the difficulty of rescue and the risk of casualties; this problem is particularly serious in confined spaces or crowded places such as subways, tunnels, high-rise buildings, etc. 2) Poor flame retardancy: Even with the addition of conventional flame retardants, the flame retardant effect of many plastics is still unsatisfactory; in high-temperature environments, these materials may melt and drip, which not only fails to prevent the spread of flames, but may cause secondary fires, further exacerbating the fire hazard.

[0004] Furthermore, with increasingly stringent safety regulations and heightened public safety awareness, higher requirements are being placed on the fire-retardant properties of cable sheaths. Therefore, developing a new plastic with both excellent fire-resistant and flame-retardant properties is crucial for improving cable sheath safety and extending cable life. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to address the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide a plastic for a cable protective sleeve with excellent fireproofing and flame retardant properties, which can effectively improve the safety of the cable protective sleeve and extend the service life of the cable.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A flame retardant and fireproof plastic used for cable protective sheaths, comprising:

[0008] Polyimide plastic base layer;

[0009] a boron nitride flame retardant layer, disposed on the upper surface of the polyimide plastic base layer;

[0010] a fireproof fiber layer, disposed on the outer surface of the boron nitride flame retardant layer;

[0011] Among them, the surface of the polyimide plastic base layer is provided with a honeycomb pore structure with a depth of 0.1-0.5mm; the boron nitride flame retardant layer has a wavy structure with a peak height of 0.5-1mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8mm, and a wavelength of 2-5mm; the fire-resistant fiber layer has a porous structure with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3mm and a porosity of 40-60%.

[0012] Preferably, a graphene heat-conducting layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm is further provided between the polyimide plastic base layer and the boron nitride flame-retardant layer.

[0013] Preferably, the plastic is provided with a plurality of spiral heat dissipation channels running through the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic in the longitudinal direction, and the diameter of the spiral heat dissipation channels is 0.5-1 mm, and the pitch is 5-10 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the outer surface of the fireproof fiber layer is provided with a plurality of hemispherical protrusions, the protrusion diameter is 0.5-1 mm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions is 1-2 mm.

[0015] Preferably, hollow microspheres with a diameter of 5-10 μm are evenly distributed in the polyimide plastic matrix layer, and the volume fraction of the hollow microspheres in the polyimide plastic matrix layer is 10-20%.

[0016] Preferably, the total thickness of the plastic is 3-8 mm, of which the thickness of the polyimide plastic matrix layer accounts for 40-50% of the total thickness, the thickness of the boron nitride flame retardant layer accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness, and the thickness of the fireproof fiber layer accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness.

[0017] Preferably, the fireproof fiber layer is zirconia fiber, mullite fiber or alumina fiber.

[0018] Preferably, a glass fiber layer is further provided between the polyimide plastic base layer and the boron nitride flame retardant layer.

[0019] Preferably, the layers are bonded together by thermal compression or magnetron sputtering to form an integrated structure.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a flame-retardant and fire-proof plastic, which is applied to a cable protective sheath, and comprises: a polyimide plastic base layer; a boron nitride flame-retardant layer, which is arranged on the upper surface of the polyimide plastic base layer; and a fire-proof fiber layer, which is arranged on the outer surface of the boron nitride flame-retardant layer; wherein the surface of the polyimide plastic base layer is provided with a honeycomb pore structure with a depth of 0.1-0.5 mm; the boron nitride flame-retardant layer has a wavy structure with a peak height of 0.5-1 mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8 mm, and a wavelength of 2-5 mm; the fire-proof fiber layer has a porous structure with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm and a porosity of 40-60%. The polyimide plastic base layer itself has an extremely high heat resistance. Its honeycomb pore structure, with a depth of 0.1-0.5mm, increases the surface area, enhances the flame retardancy, and reduces the plastic density. The boron nitride flame retardant layer itself has excellent flame retardancy. Its wavy structure, with a peak height of 0.5-1mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8mm, and a wavelength of 2-5mm, increases the contact area between the flame retardant layer and the heat source, while also forming an air barrier and further enhancing the flame retardancy. Furthermore, the fireproof fiber layer itself has high fire resistance, and its porous structure, with a pore size of 0.1-0.3mm and a porosity of 40-60%, forms an insulating bubble layer when heated, further enhancing the fireproofing properties. Therefore, the plastic provided by the present invention has excellent flame retardancy and fireproofing effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 1 of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 2 of the present utility model.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 3 of the present utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Polyimide plastic base layer; 2. Boron nitride flame retardant layer; 3. Fireproof fiber layer; 31. Protrusion; 4. Graphene thermal conductive layer; 5. Glass fiber layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention and its beneficial effects will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods and the accompanying drawings, but the implementation methods of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a flame retardant and fireproof plastic, which is applied to a cable protective cover, including:

[0028] Polyimide plastic base layer 1;

[0029] The boron nitride flame retardant layer 2 is provided on the upper surface of the polyimide plastic base layer 1;

[0030] The fireproof fiber layer 3 is provided on the outer surface of the boron nitride flame retardant layer 2;

[0031] Among them, the surface of the polyimide plastic base layer 1 is provided with a honeycomb pore structure with a depth of 0.1-0.5mm; the boron nitride flame retardant layer 2 has a wavy structure with a peak height of 0.5-1mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8mm, and a wavelength of 2-5mm; the fireproof fiber layer 3 has a porous structure with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3mm and a porosity of 40-60%.

[0032] Among them, the polyimide plastic base layer 1 itself has an extremely high heat resistance temperature. The honeycomb pore structure with a surface depth of 0.1-0.5mm on the plastic base layer increases the surface area, improves the flame retardant effect, and reduces the plastic density at the same time; the boron nitride flame retardant layer 2 itself has excellent flame retardant properties, and the wavy structure with a peak height of 0.5-1mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8mm, and a wavelength of 2-5mm increases the contact area between the flame retardant layer and the heat source, and at the same time forms an air barrier layer, further improving the flame retardant effect; in addition, the fireproof fiber layer 3 itself has a high fire resistance, and its porous structure with a pore size of 0.1-0.3mm and a porosity of 40-60% can form an insulating bubble layer when heated, further improving the fireproof performance.

[0033] Therefore, the plastic provided by the utility model has excellent flame retardant performance and fireproof effect.

[0034] In this embodiment, the total thickness of the plastic is 3-8 mm, of which the polyimide plastic base layer 1 accounts for 40-50% of the total thickness, the boron nitride flame-retardant layer 2 accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness, and the fireproof fiber layer 3 accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness. This optimized thickness ratio of each layer ensures a balanced overall performance of the plastic, maintaining excellent mechanical properties while ensuring fire retardancy.

[0035] In this embodiment, the fireproof fiber layer 3 is made of zirconia fiber, mullite fiber or alumina fiber; all of the above fireproof fiber materials have excellent fireproof properties.

[0036] In this embodiment, the layers are bonded together by thermal compression or magnetron sputtering to form an integrated structure, thereby ensuring close bonding between the layers and improving the overall performance and durability of the plastic.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, unlike Example 1, this embodiment further includes a 0.1-0.3 mm thick graphene thermal conductive layer 4 between the polyimide plastic base layer 1 and the boron nitride flame retardant layer 2. Graphene has excellent thermal conductivity, and the provision of the graphene thermal conductive layer 4 facilitates rapid heat dissipation and prevents local overheating.

[0039] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, unlike Example 1, this embodiment further includes a glass fiber layer 5 between the polyimide plastic base layer 1 and the boron nitride flame retardant layer 2. Glass fiber has excellent heat resistance and toughening effects. The provision of the glass fiber layer 5 can further enhance the overall flame retardancy of the plastic while also increasing its strength.

[0042] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] Different from Example 1, the outer surface of the fireproof fiber layer 3 of this embodiment is provided with multiple hemispherical protrusions 31, the diameter of the protrusion 31 is 0.5-1mm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions 31 is 1-2mm; it effectively increases the surface area, improves the impact resistance, and at the same time increases the surface strength.

[0045] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] Different from Example 1, hollow microspheres with a diameter of 5-10 μm are evenly distributed in the polyimide plastic matrix layer 1 of this embodiment, and the hollow microspheres account for 10-20% of the volume of the polyimide plastic matrix layer 1, further improving the flame retardancy and reducing the weight of the material.

[0048] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] Different from Example 1, the plastic of this embodiment is provided with a plurality of spiral heat dissipation channels that run through the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic in the longitudinal direction. The diameter of the spiral heat dissipation channels is 0.5-1mm and the pitch is 5-10mm; this further improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the plastic while maintaining the structural integrity of the plastic.

[0051] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0052] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the above description, those skilled in the art will be able to make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any obvious improvements, substitutions, or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, although certain specific terms are used in this description, these terms are for convenience only and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame retardant and fireproof plastic used for cable protection sheath, characterized in that: include: Polyimide plastic base layer; a boron nitride flame retardant layer, disposed on the upper surface of the polyimide plastic base layer; a fireproof fiber layer, disposed on the outer surface of the boron nitride flame retardant layer; Among them, the surface of the polyimide plastic base layer is provided with a honeycomb pore structure with a depth of 0.1-0.5mm; the boron nitride flame retardant layer has a wavy structure with a peak height of 0.5-1mm, a trough depth of 0.3-0.8mm, and a wavelength of 2-5mm; the fire-resistant fiber layer has a porous structure with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3mm and a porosity of 40-60%.

2. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: A graphene heat-conducting layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm is further provided between the polyimide plastic base layer and the boron nitride flame-retardant layer.

3. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic is provided with a plurality of spiral heat dissipation channels that penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic in the longitudinal direction. The diameter of the spiral heat dissipation channels is 0.5-1 mm, and the pitch is 5-10 mm.

4. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the fireproof fiber layer is provided with a plurality of hemispherical protrusions, the protrusion diameter is 0.5-1mm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions is 1-2mm.

5. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hollow microspheres with a diameter of 5-10 μm are evenly distributed in the polyimide plastic matrix layer, and the volume fraction of the hollow microspheres in the polyimide plastic matrix layer is 10-20%.

6. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total thickness of the plastic is 3-8 mm, of which the thickness of the polyimide plastic matrix layer accounts for 40-50% of the total thickness, the thickness of the boron nitride flame retardant layer accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness, and the thickness of the fireproof fiber layer accounts for 20-30% of the total thickness.

7. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof fiber layer is zirconia fiber, mullite fiber or alumina fiber.

8. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: A glass fiber layer is further provided between the polyimide plastic base layer and the boron nitride flame retardant layer.

9. The flame retardant and fireproof plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layers are bonded together by thermal compression or magnetron sputtering to form an integrated structure.

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