Cutting mechanism and heading machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, and particularly provides a cutting mechanism and a tunneling machine. The cutting mechanism comprises a main arm used for being installed on the heading machine, the main arm comprises a fixed-length part and a telescopic part capable of stretching back and forth relative to the fixed-length part, and the front end of the telescopic part is connected with a rock breaking component capable of rotating through a first universal hinge structure. At least three telescopic posture adjusting drivers arranged at intervals are connected between the rock breaking component and the fixed-length portion of the main arm, one end of each posture adjusting driver is connected with the fixed-length portion through a second universal hinge structure, the other end of each posture adjusting driver is connected with the rock breaking component through a third universal hinge structure, and a telescopic portion is matched with the fixed-length portion in a rotation stopping and guiding mode. The heading machine comprises the cutting mechanism. Under the action of the posture adjusting driver, the rock breaking component can swing to shear and break rocks. In addition, the posture adjusting drivers of the cutting mechanism do not directly bear counter-acting force, the loaded working conditions of the posture adjusting drivers are improved, and the reliability of the cutting mechanism is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, in particular to a cutting mechanism and a tunneling machine. Background Art

[0002] Underground space development in emerging sectors such as hydropower tunnels and mining creates a significant demand for short-distance, irregular-section tunnels. Full-section tunnel boring machines (TBMs), due to their bulk, length, and limited maneuverability, are currently primarily performed by cantilevered tunnel boring machines (TBMs). However, traditional cantilevered tunnel boring machines struggle to adapt to hard rock formations with high surrounding rock strength (e.g., above 80 MPa).

[0003] Generally speaking, the compressive strength of rock is much higher than its tensile strength. Taking advantage of rock's "compressive but not tensile" nature, the applicant's utility model patent, authorized with publication number CN 217028917U, provides a flexible-arm tunnel boring machine (TBM). This machine comprises a front working mechanism, a flexible arm, and a cutterhead mounted on the arm. The cutterhead functions as a rock-breaking component, while the front working mechanism is a part of the vehicle body. The flexible arm includes three or more cylinders, each connected to the front working mechanism and cutterhead via a universal joint (Hooke's joint, ball joint). The cylinders function as actuators for adjusting the cutterhead's posture. By adjusting the extension and contraction of different cylinders, the cutterhead can be controlled to swing up and down, forward and backward, left and right, and translate. This allows the cutterhead to flexibly adjust to different postures for rock shearing and breaking, making it suitable for use in hard rock formations.

[0004] However, in the above-mentioned flexible arm tunnel boring machine, when breaking rock, the reaction force acting on the cutter head is entirely borne by the cylinder, which can easily cause damage to the cylinder and the reliability needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cutting mechanism to solve the technical problem of low reliability of the existing rock-breaking cutting mechanism. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a roadheader to solve the same technical problem.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the cutting mechanism provided by the present invention is:

[0007] A cutting mechanism includes a main arm for installation on a tunnel boring machine, the main arm includes a fixed-length portion and a telescopic portion that can be extended and retracted forward and backward relative to the fixed-length portion, the front end of the telescopic portion is connected to a rotatable rock-breaking component through a first universal hinge structure, at least three telescopic attitude adjustment drives arranged at intervals are connected between the rock-breaking component and the fixed-length portion of the main arm, one end of the attitude adjustment drive is connected to the fixed-length portion through a second universal hinge structure, and the other end is connected to the rock-breaking component through a third universal hinge structure, and the telescopic portion and the fixed-length portion are matched with anti-rotation guides.

[0008] As a further improvement, the first universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

[0009] As a further improvement, the second universal joint structure is a ball joint, and the third universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

[0010] As a further improvement, the rear end of the main arm is provided with a first articulated ear plate for being hinged to the tunnel boring machine for pitching and swinging, and the main arm is also provided with a second articulated ear plate for being articulated to a telescopic pitch drive that drives the main arm to pitch and swing.

[0011] As a further improvement, the second hinged lug plates are provided with two plates spaced apart from each other, and one attitude adjustment driver is located between the two second hinged lug plates.

[0012] As a further improvement, the rock breaking component is a cutter disc, which includes a frustum-shaped disc body. Multiple groups of rollers are installed on the circumference of the disc body. Each group of rollers includes more than two rollers. In each group of rollers, the arrangement direction of each roller is at a set angle to the busbar of the disc body.

[0013] As a further improvement, a slag guide channel formed by slag guide plates is provided between two adjacent groups of rollers. The slag guide plates include a first slag guide plate and a second slag guide plate. The length extension direction of the first slag guide plate is parallel to the arrangement direction of the rollers. The second slag guide plate includes a parallel section parallel to the first slag guide plate and a flared section that is set at an angle to the parallel section and extends away from the first slag guide plate. The parallel section is located at the front end of the second slag guide plate.

[0014] This utility model is a groundbreaking invention with the following beneficial effects: the cutting mechanism of this utility model can be installed on a tunnel boring machine via the main arm during use. During excavation, after the main arm is moved into position, the telescopic portion can be adjusted to move forward by adjusting the extension and retraction of the various attitude adjustment actuators, thereby causing the telescopic portion to move forward and the rock breaking component to swing at a certain angle relative to the telescopic portion, thereby achieving swing shearing and rock breaking. Unlike the prior art, the attitude adjustment actuators of the cutting mechanism of this utility model do not directly bear reaction forces, improving the load conditions of the attitude adjustment actuators and thereby enhancing the reliability of the cutting mechanism.

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is:

[0016] A tunnel boring machine is provided with a cutting mechanism, which includes a main arm for being installed on the tunnel boring machine, the main arm including a fixed-length portion and a telescopic portion that can be extended and retracted forward and backward relative to the fixed-length portion, the front end of the telescopic portion is connected to a rotatable rock-breaking component through a first universal hinge structure, at least three telescopic attitude adjustment drives arranged at intervals are connected between the rock-breaking component and the fixed-length portion of the main arm, one end of the attitude adjustment drive is connected to the fixed-length portion through a second universal hinge structure, and the other end is connected to the rock-breaking component through a third universal hinge structure, and the telescopic portion and the fixed-length portion are matched with anti-rotation guides.

[0017] As a further improvement, the first universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

[0018] As a further improvement, the second universal joint structure is a ball joint, and the third universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

[0019] As a further improvement, the rear end of the main arm is provided with a first articulated ear plate for being hinged to the tunnel boring machine for pitching and swinging, and the main arm is also provided with a second articulated ear plate for being articulated to a telescopic pitch drive that drives the main arm to pitch and swing.

[0020] As a further improvement, the second hinged lug plates are provided with two plates spaced apart from each other, and one attitude adjustment driver is located between the two second hinged lug plates.

[0021] As a further improvement, the rock breaking component is a cutter disc, which includes a frustum-shaped disc body. Multiple groups of rollers are installed on the circumference of the disc body. Each group of rollers includes more than two rollers. In each group of rollers, the arrangement direction of each roller is at a set angle to the busbar of the disc body.

[0022] As a further improvement, a slag guide channel formed by slag guide plates is provided between two adjacent groups of rollers. The slag guide plates include a first slag guide plate and a second slag guide plate. The length extension direction of the first slag guide plate is parallel to the arrangement direction of the rollers. The second slag guide plate includes a parallel section parallel to the first slag guide plate and a flared section that is set at an angle to the parallel section and extends away from the first slag guide plate. The parallel section is located at the front end of the second slag guide plate.

[0023] This improved invention offers the following advantages: during excavation, after the main boom is in position, adjusting the extension and retraction of the various attitude-adjusting actuators allows the telescopic section to move forward and the rock-breaking component to swing at a certain angle relative to the telescopic section, thereby achieving swing shearing and rock-breaking. Unlike existing technologies, the attitude-adjusting actuators of the cutting mechanism in this invention do not directly bear reaction forces, improving the load-bearing conditions of the attitude-adjusting actuators and, consequently, enhancing the reliability of the cutting mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a roadheader in the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle main boom;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the middle main boom.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 1. Cutter disc; 2. First universal joint structure; 3. Attitude adjustment cylinder; 4. Third universal joint structure; 5. Main arm; 6. Second universal joint structure; 7. Rotary drive device; 8. Pitch cylinder; 9. Swing table; 10. Swing cylinder; 11. Fixed seat; 12. Translation cylinder; 13. Guide seat; 14. Chassis; 101. Hob; 102. First slag guide plate; 103. Second slag guide plate; 501. Fixed length portion; 502. Telescopic portion; 503. First hinged ear plate; 504. Second hinged ear plate; 505. Ball joint mounting seat; 506. Flat key. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To provide a cutting mechanism that offers both flexible swinging and shearing capabilities while maintaining high reliability, the basic technical concept of this utility model is to connect the rock-breaking components to the telescopic output end of a retractable main arm via a universal hinge structure. Three or more position-adjusting actuators are then deployed to drive the rock-breaking components to shear and break the rock. The main arm primarily bears the reaction force, improving the force applied to the position-adjusting actuators and enhancing reliability. The following describes this utility model in further detail, combined with examples.

[0030] The specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine provided by the utility model:

[0031] The tunnel boring machine provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a chassis 14 equipped with a crawler-type walking mechanism, and the chassis 14 serves as the basis for the transfer and movement of the entire machine and the installation of other mechanisms. A swing table 9 is installed on the chassis 14, and the swing table 9 serves as the basis for installing the cutting mechanism. The swing axis of the swing table 9 extends vertically. Under the action of the left and right sway cylinders 10, the swing table 9 can drive the cutting mechanism to swing left and right (laterally).

[0032] As a most basic embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the cutting mechanism includes a main arm 5, which is mounted on a roadheader. Specifically, in this embodiment, the main arm 5 is mounted on the roadheader's swing platform 9. The main arm 5 is a telescopic arm, comprising a fixed-length portion 501 and a telescopic portion 502 that can be extended and retracted relative to the fixed-length portion 501. The front end of the telescopic portion 502 is connected to a rock-breaking component via a first universal joint 2. The telescopic portion 502 serves as a mounting base for the rock-breaking component. The rock-breaking component is rotatable and is equipped with a rotary drive device 7 (e.g., an electric motor or hydraulic motor) to drive its rotation. Three telescopic attitude adjustment actuators are connected between the rock-breaking component and the fixed-length portion 501. Specifically, the attitude adjustment actuators can be the attitude adjustment cylinders 3 shown in the figure, although electric cylinders can also be used in other embodiments. One end of the attitude adjustment actuator is connected to the fixed-length portion 501 via a second universal joint 6, and the other end is connected to the rock-breaking component via a third universal joint 4. By controlling the different extension and contraction amounts of the three attitude adjustment actuators, the rock breaking component in this embodiment swings in any direction and extends forward to complete rock breaking and excavation. Of course, in other embodiments, if space is sufficient, four or even more attitude adjustment actuators can be provided. At the same time, the telescopic portion 502 of the main arm 5 and the fixed length portion 501 are anti-rotation (torque transmission) guides. Specifically, in order to achieve the anti-rotation guide cooperation between the two, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, a flat key 506 can be set between the telescopic part 502 and the fixed-length part 501; or, the rear end of the telescopic part 502 can be designed as a spline structure; or, the rear end of the telescopic part 502 can be set as a polygonal (for example, a quadrilateral) structure, and the opening at the front end of the fixed-length part 501 can be set as a polygonal hole that matches the polygonal structure of the rear end of the telescopic part 502.

[0033] During the excavation and rock breaking process, the reaction force is transmitted to the swing platform 9 through the main arm 5, and then dispersed to the entire tunnel boring machine. Each attitude adjustment drive will not be subjected to the main force, thereby reducing the requirements for the attitude adjustment drive and improving the reliability of the cutting mechanism.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the first universal hinge structure 2 is a Hooke's hinge. Compared with the embodiment using a spherical hinge structure, this allows the rock breaking component to have a larger swing angle, making the rock breaking component more flexible.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the second universal joint structure 6 is a ball joint, and the third universal joint structure 4 is a Hooke's joint. Compared with embodiments using only ball joints or only Hooke's joints, this approach ensures that the attitude adjustment drive drives the rock breaking component to swing flexibly. At the same time, the rear end of the attitude adjustment drive is relatively freer, eliminating the need for the telescopic end of the attitude adjustment drive to have rotational capability, and can be used with a hydraulic cylinder or electric cylinder.

[0036] On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in order to make the rock breaking component more flexible, in another preferred embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the main arm 5 is mounted on a swing table 9 for pitching and swinging up and down. A telescopic pitching driver, such as a pitching cylinder 8, is connected between the swing table 9 and the main arm 5 to drive the main arm 5 to pitch and swing up and down. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the rear end of the main arm 5 is provided with a first articulated lug plate 503 for articulating to the tunnel boring machine, and the main arm 5 is also provided with a second articulated lug plate 504 for articulating to the pitch drive.

[0037] On the basis of the above embodiments, preferably, Figure 2 As shown, two second hinge lugs 504 are spaced apart from each other, with an attitude adjustment actuator (attitude adjustment cylinder 3) located between the two second hinge lugs 504. For example, a ball joint mounting seat 505 is provided on the main arm 5, and the second universal joint structure 6 is mounted on the ball joint mounting seat 505. This fully utilizes the width of the main arm 5 to connect the two pitch actuators (pitch cylinder 8), creating a longer moment arm between the two pitch actuators and ensuring more stable pitching of the main arm 5. Furthermore, utilizing the space between the two second hinge lugs 504 to install the attitude adjustment actuator makes the main arm 5 more compact.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment suitable for hard rock formations and capable of efficient slag removal, Figure 1 As shown, the rock-breaking component of the cutting mechanism in this embodiment is a cutterhead 1, which comprises a frustoconical disc body with multiple sets of cutters 101 mounted on its circumference. Each set of cutters 101 includes at least two cutters 101 (three are shown), and within each set of cutters 101, the cutters 101 are arranged at a predetermined angle to the generatrix of the disc body. Compared to other embodiments that use a cutting head as the rock-breaking component, the cutters 101 are more suitable for use in hard rock formations. Furthermore, compared to other embodiments that arrange the cutters 101 at intervals along the generatrix of the disc body, as the cutterhead 1 rotates, a slag discharge channel is formed between adjacent sets of cutters 101 to guide the discharge of slag and rock.

[0039] On the basis of the above embodiments, preferably, Figure 1As shown, a slag guide channel is provided between two adjacent sets of roller cutters 101. The slag guide channel is formed by slag guide plates mounted on the disc body. Specifically, the slag guide plates include a first slag guide plate 102 and a second slag guide plate 103. The length of the first slag guide plate 102 extends parallel to the arrangement direction of the roller cutters 101. The second slag guide plate 103 includes a parallel section parallel to the first slag guide plate 102 and a flared section extending away from the first slag guide plate 102 at a set angle to the parallel section. The parallel section is located at the front end of the second slag guide plate 103. In this way, the slag guide plates define a slag discharge path for the slag, further facilitating slag discharge and improving excavation efficiency.

[0040] In addition, for the tunnel boring machine, Figure 1 As shown, a fixed base 11 and a guide base 13 that can move forward and backward along the fixed base 11 are mounted on the chassis 14. A translation cylinder 12 is used to drive the guide base 13 to move forward and backward. In this way, during the excavation process, the swing table 9 can move forward while the chassis 14 is stationary, driving the cutting mechanism to move to different positions for excavation and rock breaking.

[0041] Specific embodiment of the cutting mechanism in the present invention:

[0042] The embodiment of the cutting mechanism is the cutting mechanism described in the embodiment of the tunnel boring machine, and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments without inventive effort, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main arm for being installed on a tunnel boring machine, the main arm comprising a fixed-length portion and a telescopic portion which can be extended and retracted forward and backward relative to the fixed-length portion, the front end of the telescopic portion being connected to a rotatable rock-breaking component via a first universal hinge structure, at least three telescopic attitude adjustment drives arranged at intervals are connected between the rock-breaking component and the fixed-length portion of the main arm, one end of the attitude adjustment drive is connected to the fixed-length portion via a second universal hinge structure, and the other end is connected to the rock-breaking component via a third universal hinge structure, and the telescopic portion and the fixed-length portion are matched with anti-rotation guides.

2. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: The first universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

3. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: The second universal joint structure is a ball joint, and the third universal joint structure is a Hooke's joint.

4. The cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The rear end of the main arm is provided with a first hinged ear plate for being hinged to the tunnel boring machine for pitching and swinging, and the main arm is also provided with a second hinged ear plate for being hinged to a telescopic pitching drive that drives the main arm to pitch and swing.

5. The cutting mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second hinged lug plates are provided with two plates spaced apart from each other, and one attitude adjustment driver is located between the two second hinged lug plates.

6. The cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The rock breaking component is a cutter disc, which includes a frustum-shaped disc body. Multiple groups of rollers are installed on the circumference of the disc body. Each group of rollers includes more than two rollers. In each group of rollers, the arrangement direction of each roller is at a set angle to the main line of the disc body.

7. The cutting mechanism according to claim 6, wherein: A slag guide channel formed by slag guide plates is provided between two adjacent groups of roller cutters. The slag guide plates include a first slag guide plate and a second slag guide plate. The length extension direction of the first slag guide plate is parallel to the arrangement direction of the roller cutters. The second slag guide plate includes a parallel section parallel to the first slag guide plate and a flared section that is set at an angle to the parallel section and extends away from the first slag guide plate. The parallel section is located at the front end of the second slag guide plate.

8. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a cutting mechanism, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism is the cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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