Pre-combustion chamber, combustion system, engine and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses a pre-combustion chamber, a combustion system, an engine and a vehicle, because second spray orifices and first spray orifices are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of a pre-combustion channel, and the first spray orifices are closer to a combustion chamber than the second spray orifices, the first spray orifices are positioned outside an area surrounded by the centers of the plurality of second spray orifices on the axis; in the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel, the first end is closer to the central axis of the pre-combustion channel than the second end; the first ends and the second ends are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the pre-combustion channel, so that vortex airflow entering the pre-combustion channel through the second spray holes flows in a vortex mode in the area close to the circumferential side wall of the pre-combustion channel; the first projection extends in the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel, so that airflow entering the pre-combustion channel through the first spray hole is concentrated in the center area of the pre-combustion channel and extends in the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel, the airflow uniformity in the pre-combustion channel is improved, the airflow in the pre-combustion channel flows orderly, and the scavenging effect on the pre-combustion channel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a pre-combustion chamber, a combustion system and an engine. Background Art

[0002] As a form of ignition of multiple fire nuclei, the pre-combustion chamber has been proven to have advantages such as accelerated combustion, improved combustion stability and knock control. Among them, the main parameters of the pre-combustion chamber include the pre-combustion chamber shape, volume, number of nozzles and nozzle diameter. These variable parameters directly affect the scavenging effect of the pre-combustion chamber.

[0003] Current pre-chamber ignition schemes include passive scavenging and active scavenging. Passive scavenging involves the airflow entering the combustion chamber through nozzles on the pre-chamber during the intake phase. To improve scavenging, existing technologies have proposed two layers of laterally offset nozzles, spaced apart along the axial direction of the pre-chamber. This creates two layers of vortexes that do not interfere with each other.

[0004] However, actual applications have found that the vortex entering the pre-combustion chamber is mainly concentrated in the vortex flow on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber, and the airflow in the central area of ​​the pre-combustion chamber is relatively small, resulting in uneven airflow in the entire pre-combustion chamber and relatively poor scavenging effect in the central area of ​​the pre-combustion chamber. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a pre-combustion chamber, a combustion system and an engine, which can improve the scavenging effect in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0006] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A pre-combustion chamber, comprising a chamber body, the chamber body comprising a pre-combustion passage, a plurality of second spray holes and a plurality of first spray holes arranged circumferentially and spaced apart from each other along the pre-combustion passage at one end of the chamber body, the second spray holes and the first spray holes being arranged axially and spaced apart from each other along the pre-combustion passage, the first spray holes being closer to a combustion chamber of the combustion system than the second spray holes;

[0008] The projection of the central axis of the first nozzle in a preset plane is a first projection, the first projection extends along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel, and the preset plane is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel;

[0009] One end of the second nozzle is the first end, and the other end is the second end. Along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel, the first end is closer to the central axis of the pre-combustion channel than the second end; the first end and the second end are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion channel.

[0010] As an implementation scheme of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber, the cross section of the pre-combustion channel is circular, the cross section of the pre-combustion channel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel, and the diameter of the pre-combustion channel is D1, which is greater than 10 mm.

[0011] As an implementation scheme of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber, the axial length of the pre-combustion channel is L, and L / D1>2.

[0012] As an implementation scheme of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber, the central axis of the second nozzle hole is a straight line, or a spiral line spirally extending around the central axis of the pre-combustion channel.

[0013] As an implementation scheme of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber, the projection of the central axis of the second nozzle hole in the preset plane is the second projection;

[0014] At least two first projections are arranged between two adjacent second projections distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel.

[0015] As an implementation plan for the above-mentioned precombustion chamber, the projection of the outer wall of the precombustion channel in the preset plane is a precombustion projection, the precombustion projection is a circle, the intersection point of the precombustion projection and the second projection is Q, and the angle between the tangent of the precombustion projection at point Q and the second projection is α, 15°≤α<90°.

[0016] As an implementation scheme of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber, a spherical segment structure is provided at one end of the chamber body, and the second spray hole and the first spray hole are both provided on the spherical segment structure.

[0017] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the combustion system provided by the present invention includes the pre-combustion chamber described in any of the above-mentioned solutions, and:

[0018] a cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a piston hole;

[0019] A piston is slidably disposed in the piston hole along its axial direction;

[0020] A cylinder head, wherein the cylinder head is connected to the cylinder body, a combustion chamber is enclosed between the cylinder head and the piston, one end of the pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the cylinder head and the other end extends into the combustion chamber, and the pre-combustion chamber can be connected to the combustion chamber through the second nozzle and the first nozzle.

[0021] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the engine provided by the present invention includes the above-mentioned combustion system.

[0022] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the vehicle provided by the present invention includes the above-mentioned engine.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0024] The precombustion chamber, combustion system, engine and vehicle provided by the present invention are as follows: since the second nozzle hole and the first nozzle hole are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the precombustion channel, and the first nozzle hole is closer to the combustion chamber than the second nozzle hole, the first nozzle hole is located outside the area surrounded by the center axis of the plurality of second nozzle holes; since the first end is closer to the central axis of the precombustion channel than the second end along the radial direction of the precombustion channel; the first end and the second end are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the precombustion channel, so that the vortex airflow entering the precombustion channel through the second nozzle hole vortexes in the area close to the circumferential side wall of the precombustion channel; the first projection extends radially along the precombustion channel, so that the airflow entering the precombustion channel through the first nozzle hole is concentrated in the central area of ​​the precombustion channel and extends axially along the precombustion channel, thereby improving the uniformity of the airflow in the precombustion channel, realizing orderly flow of the airflow in the precombustion channel, and improving the scavenging effect of the precombustion channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the pre-combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a first type of pre-combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, viewed from one axial end of the pre-combustion chamber;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second type of pre-combustion chamber viewed from one axial end of the pre-combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture:

[0029] 1. Pre-combustion channel; 2. Second spray hole; 3. First spray hole; 4. Spherical segment structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all of its components.

[0031] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplified operation. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and have no special meaning.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a precombustion chamber and a combustion system, the combustion system includes a cylinder body, the above-mentioned precombustion chamber, a cylinder head and a piston, wherein a piston hole is provided on the cylinder body, the piston is slidably arranged in the piston hole, the cylinder head is connected to the cylinder body, a combustion chamber is surrounded by the cylinder head and the piston, one end of the precombustion chamber is arranged on the cylinder head and the other end extends into the combustion chamber, the precombustion chamber includes a chamber body, the chamber body includes a precombustion channel 1, one end of the chamber body is provided with a plurality of second spray holes 2 and a plurality of first spray holes 3 arranged circumferentially along the precombustion channel 1, the second spray holes 2 and the first spray holes 3 are arranged axially at intervals along the precombustion channel 1, and the first spray holes 3 are closer to the combustion chamber than the second spray holes 2.

[0035] The projection of the central axis of the first nozzle 3 within a predetermined plane is referred to as the first projection. The first projection extends radially along the pre-combustion channel 1, and the predetermined plane is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1. The second nozzle 2 has one end referred to as the first end and the other end referred to as the second end. Along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1, the first end is closer to the central axis of the pre-combustion channel 1 than the second end. The first end and the second end are spaced apart along the circumference of the pre-combustion channel 1.

[0036] Since the second nozzle hole 2 and the first nozzle hole 3 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1, and the first nozzle hole 3 is closer to the combustion chamber than the second nozzle hole 2, the first nozzle hole 3 is located outside the area surrounded by the center axis of the multiple second nozzle holes 2. Since the first end is closer to the central axis of the pre-combustion channel 1 than the second end along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1; the first end and the second end are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the pre-combustion channel 1, so that the vortex airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the second nozzle hole 2 vortexes in the area close to the circumferential side wall of the pre-combustion channel 1; the first projection extends radially along the pre-combustion channel 1, so that the airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the first nozzle hole 3 is concentrated in the central area of ​​the pre-combustion channel 1 and extends axially along the pre-combustion channel 1, thereby improving the uniformity of the airflow in the pre-combustion channel 1, realizing orderly flow of the airflow in the pre-combustion channel 1, and improving the scavenging effect of the pre-combustion channel 1.

[0037] Moreover, the fuel and air enter the pre-combustion channel 1 through the second nozzle 2 and flow in a vortex, and the airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the first nozzle 3 is concentrated in the central area of ​​the pre-combustion channel 1 and extends along the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1. The mixing effect of the fuel and air in the pre-combustion chamber is good, which is conducive to the ignition of the fuel in the pre-combustion channel 1 and realizes passive pre-combustion.

[0038] When the piston moves up to the top dead center, the spark plug in the pre-combustion chamber ignites, and the gas mixture in the pre-combustion chamber is ignited. The generated flame is sprayed into the combustion chamber through the second nozzle 2 under the action of the pressure difference to form a vortex airflow, which can effectively improve the ignition effect of the combustion chamber.

[0039] Furthermore, the cross section of the pre-combustion channel 1 is circular, the cross section of the pre-combustion channel 1 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1 , the diameter of the pre-combustion channel 1 is D1 , and D1 is greater than 10 mm.

[0040] By limiting D1 to be greater than 10 mm, the vortex flow effect of the airflow after passing through the second nozzle hole 2 and entering the pre-combustion channel 1 is improved, thereby meeting the pre-combustion requirements of the engine.

[0041] It should be noted that D1 can be any value among 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, and 20mm.

[0042] Exemplarily, the central axis of the second injection hole 2 is a straight line. In other embodiments, the central axis of the second injection hole 2 is a helical line spirally extending around the central axis of the pre-combustion channel 1 .

[0043] Furthermore, the axial length of the pre-combustion channel 1 is L, and L / D1> 2. This configuration is conducive to improving the vortex flow effect of the airflow after passing through the second nozzle hole 2 and entering the pre-combustion channel 1, thereby meeting the pre-combustion requirements of the engine.

[0044] Furthermore, the cone angles of the second nozzle hole 2 and the first nozzle hole 3 are both less than 90°, which facilitates the formation of a vortex flow when the airflow in the combustion chamber enters the pre-combustion channel 1 through the second nozzle hole 2. It also facilitates the vortex flow of the airflow in the pre-combustion chamber after it is ejected into the combustion chamber. The end of the chamber body where the second nozzle hole 2 is located is referred to as the first end, and the end of the chamber body away from the second nozzle hole 2 is referred to as the second end. The projection of the axis of the second nozzle hole 2 on the set plane is referred to as projection one. The angle between projection one and the direction from the first end to the second end is the cone angle of the second nozzle hole 2.

[0045] Furthermore, the projection of the outer wall of the pre-combustion channel 1 in the preset plane is the pre-combustion projection, the pre-combustion projection is a circle, the intersection point of the pre-combustion projection and the second projection is Q, the angle between the tangent of the pre-combustion projection at point Q and the second projection is α, 15°≤α<90°.

[0046] Such an arrangement is conducive to the vortex flow of the airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the second nozzle hole 2.

[0047] It should be noted that the value of the angle α can be any angle value greater than or equal to 15° and less than 90°, such as the angle α can be any value of 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, and 85°.

[0048] Furthermore, a spherical segment structure 4 is provided at one end of the chamber body, and the second nozzle hole 2 is provided on the spherical segment structure 4. Such a configuration is conducive to positioning the first nozzle hole 3 in the area surrounded by the center of multiple second nozzle holes 2 on the axis, and making the position where the first nozzle hole 3 connects to the pre-combustion channel 1 closer to the central area of ​​the pre-combustion channel 1, which is conducive to the airflow sent into the pre-combustion channel 1 through the first nozzle hole 3 to flow along the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel.

[0049] Furthermore, the number of the second nozzle holes 2 is 3-8, and the number of the first nozzle holes 3 is 3-8. For example, the number of the second nozzle holes 2 is three, and the number of the first nozzle holes 3 is three, one first nozzle hole 3 is provided between two adjacent second nozzle holes 2 distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel 1, and one second nozzle hole 2 is provided between two adjacent first nozzle holes 3 distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel 1.

[0050] In other embodiments, Figure 3As shown, the projection of the central axis of the second nozzle 2 within the preset plane is the second projection; at least two first projections are set between two adjacent second projections distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel 1. Since D1 is greater than 10mm, it is conducive to the formation of vortex airflow, but not conducive to the formation of airflow flowing axially along the pre-combustion channel 1. By limiting the provision of at least two first projections between two adjacent second projections distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel 1, it is beneficial to increase the amount of airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the first nozzle 3, and to make the airflow entering the pre-combustion channel 1 through the first nozzle 3 flow along the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel 1. When the piston moves upward to the top dead center, the spark plug in the pre-combustion chamber ignites, and the gas mixture in the pre-combustion chamber is ignited. The generated flame is ejected into the combustion chamber through the second nozzle 2 under the action of the pressure difference to form a vortex airflow that ignites the gas mixture around the combustion chamber, while the gas mixture injected into the combustion chamber through the first nozzle 3 ignites the gas mixture in the central area of ​​the combustion chamber, which can effectively improve the ignition effect of the combustion chamber.

[0051] Exemplarily, two first projections are arranged between two adjacent second projections distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel 1 .

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention further provides an engine including the above combustion system, and a vehicle including the above engine. The engine and vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention have the same technical effects as the above engine, and will not be described again here.

[0053] Obviously, the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the manner in which the present invention is to be implemented. A person skilled in the art would be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-combustion chamber, characterized in that The invention comprises a chamber body, wherein the chamber body comprises a pre-combustion channel (1), and one end of the chamber body is provided with a plurality of first spray holes (3) and a plurality of second spray holes (2) arranged at intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion channel (1), wherein the first spray holes (3) and the second spray holes (2) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel (1), and the first spray holes (3) are closer to the combustion chamber of the combustion system than the second spray holes (2); The projection of the central axis of the first spray hole (3) in a preset plane is a first projection, the first projection extends along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel (1), and the preset plane is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel (1); One end of the second nozzle hole (2) is a first end, and the other end is a second end. Along the radial direction of the pre-combustion channel (1), the first end is closer to the central axis of the pre-combustion channel (1) than the second end; the first end and the second end are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion channel (1).

2. The pre-combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross section of the pre-combustion channel (1) is circular, the cross section of the pre-combustion channel (1) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pre-combustion channel (1), and the diameter of the pre-combustion channel (1) is D1, which is greater than 10 mm.

3. The pre-combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that The axial length of the pre-combustion channel (1) is L, and L / D1>2.

4. The pre-combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that The central axis of the second spray hole (2) is a straight line, or a spiral line spirally extending around the central axis of the pre-combustion channel (1).

5. The pre-combustion chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that The projection of the central axis of the second spray hole (2) in the preset plane is the second projection; At least two of the first projections are arranged between two adjacent second projections distributed circumferentially along the pre-combustion channel (1).

6. The pre-combustion chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that The projection of the outer peripheral wall of the pre-combustion channel (1) in a preset plane is a pre-combustion projection, the pre-combustion projection is circular, the intersection point of the pre-combustion projection and the second projection is Q, the angle between the tangent of the pre-combustion projection at point Q and the second projection is α, and 15°≤α<90°.

7. The precombustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that A spherical segment structure (4) is provided at one end of the chamber body, and the second spray hole (2) and the first spray hole (3) are both provided on the spherical segment structure (4).

8. Combustion system, characterized in that, comprising a precombustion chamber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and: a cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a piston hole; A piston, the piston being slidably disposed in the piston hole along its axial direction; A cylinder head is connected to the cylinder body, a combustion chamber is formed between the cylinder head and the piston, one end of the pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the cylinder head and the other end extends into the combustion chamber, and the pre-combustion chamber can be connected to the combustion chamber through the second spray hole (2) and the first spray hole (3).

9. An engine, characterized in that Comprising the combustion system of claim 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that Including the engine described in claim 9.

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