Cylinder cover of internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine system
By setting a guide part on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine to guide the intake air to the spark plug to reduce the temperature, the problem of hydrogen pre-ignition is solved, and the stable operation of the internal combustion engine and the safe application of hydrogen fuel are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422635654.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-19
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-30
AI Technical Summary
Hydrogen is susceptible to pre-ignition in internal combustion engines, which causes increased combustion temperature and pressure, damages the internal combustion engine, and affects its normal operation.
A guide is provided on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine to guide the intake air to the spark plug to reduce the temperature. The guide increases the convection heat transfer at the spark plug and suppresses pre-ignition.
Effectively reduce spark plug temperature, reduce the risk of pre-ignition, and ensure the normal operation of the internal combustion engine and the application of hydrogen as fuel.
Smart Images
Figure CN223359252U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine system. Background Art
[0002] As a renewable, clean energy source, hydrogen offers numerous advantages when used in internal combustion engines, including high calorific value per unit mass, low ignition energy, wide ignition margins, rapid flame propagation, and low emissions. However, a challenge with hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines is its susceptibility to abnormal combustion, such as pre-ignition, primarily due to hydrogen's low ignition energy. Pre-ignition typically results in very high combustion temperatures and pressures, which can directly impact load increases and even damage the engine, severely impacting its application as a fuel in internal combustion engines.
[0003] Therefore, how to provide a solution to overcome or alleviate the above-mentioned defects is still a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine system, wherein the cylinder head is provided with a guide portion, which can guide the intake air to the spark plug so as to cool the spark plug, thereby suppressing the pre-ignition phenomenon to a certain extent.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine also includes a cylinder block, and the cylinder head includes a cover body, wherein the cover body is provided with a first hole portion and a second hole portion, wherein the first hole portion is used to install a spark plug, and the second hole portion is used to install an intake valve, and the cover body is provided with a guide portion on the side facing the cylinder block, wherein the guide portion and the second hole portion are communicated, and the guide portion is constructed to be able to guide the intake of the second hole portion at least partially to the spark plug installed in the first hole portion.
[0006] In the above solution, the cover body is provided with a guide portion, which can guide the air intake of the second hole portion, so that the air intake of the second hole portion can purge the spark plug, which can increase the convective heat exchange at the spark plug, and then reduce the temperature of the spark plug to reduce the risk of pre-ignition, which is beneficial to ensure the normal operation of the internal combustion engine and the application of hydrogen as a fuel in the field of internal combustion engines.
[0007] Optionally, the first hole portion has a first central axis, the second hole portion has a second central axis, the guide portion is a slotted hole, and the slotted hole has a third central axis; taking the side of the cover body facing the cylinder body as the reference plane, the first central axis and the reference plane have a first intersection, the second central axis and the reference plane have a second intersection, the third central axis and the reference plane have a third intersection, the distance between the second intersection and the first intersection is greater than the distance between the third intersection and the first intersection, and the angle between the line between the first intersection and the second intersection and the line between the third intersection and the second intersection is less than the set angle.
[0008] Optionally, the first intersection point, the second intersection point and the third intersection point are collinear.
[0009] Optionally, the second hole portion includes a seat cushion hole section, the seat cushion hole section is used to install the intake valve seat cushion, and the ratio of the distance a between the second intersection point and the third intersection point to the radius D of the seat cushion hole section is between 0.125 and 0.25.
[0010] Optionally, the cover body is further provided with an air intake passage, the air intake passage is communicated with the second hole portion, and along a direction approaching the cylinder body, the air intake passage is inclined toward the location of the first hole portion.
[0011] Optionally, the central axis of the air intake passage and the central axis of the first hole portion are arranged at an angle b, and the angle b is between 5° and 15°.
[0012] Optionally, the number of the second hole portions and the number of the air inlet channels are both two, the two air inlet channels are respectively connected to the two second hole portions, and the two air inlet channels are symmetrically arranged on the cover body.
[0013] The utility model also provides an internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder block and a cylinder head, wherein the cylinder head is the cylinder head of the above-mentioned internal combustion engine.
[0014] The present utility model also provides an internal combustion engine system, comprising an internal combustion engine, a spark plug, an intake valve, a drive mechanism and a controller, wherein the internal combustion engine is the above-mentioned internal combustion engine, the drive mechanism is connected to the intake valve, the controller is communicatively connected to the drive mechanism, and the controller is used to drive the intake valve to move through the drive mechanism.
[0015] Optionally, the intake valve has a full lift state and a low lift state, and the ratio of the lift height of the intake valve in the low lift state to the lift height of the intake valve in the full lift state is between 0.25 and 0.5. The controller includes a first storage module and a second storage module, the first storage module stores the duration t of the low lift state, and the second storage module stores the opening time T of the intake valve, and the ratio of the duration t to the opening time T is between 0.3 and 0.5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 sectional view of
[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 sectional view, wherein the turning range of the guide portion is indicated by the dotted line;
[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Bottom view of
[0020] Figure 5 This is the lift curve of the intake valve.
[0021] Reference numerals:
[0022] 100 - cylinder head; 110 - head body; 111 - first hole portion; 112 - second hole portion; 112A - seat cushion hole section; 113 - air guide portion; 114 - third hole portion; 115 - intake passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.
[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-4 , Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine provided by an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 sectional view of Figure 3 for Figure 1 sectional view, wherein the turning range of the guide portion is indicated by the dotted line; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Bottom view of .
[0027] An embodiment of the present invention provides an internal combustion engine, which may specifically use hydrogen or other gas as fuel, and includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head 100. The cylinder head 100 may be mounted on the cylinder block and, together with the cylinder block, may form a cylinder chamber. The cylinder chamber may be used for the entry of fuel and combustion-supporting gas (e.g., air) and the occurrence of combustion reactions. The flow of the fuel and combustion-supporting gas within the cylinder chamber may specifically be tumble flow or the like.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder head 100 includes a head body 110. The head body 110 is provided with a first hole portion 111 and a second hole portion 112. The first hole portion 111 is used to install a spark plug (not shown in the figure), and the second hole portion 112 is used to install an intake valve (not shown in the figure). The intake valve can be displaced in the second hole portion 112.
[0029] A guide portion 113 is provided on the side of the cover body 110 facing the cylinder block. Guide portion 113 communicates with the second hole portion 112 and is configured to direct at least a portion of the intake air from the second hole portion 112 to the spark plug mounted in the first hole portion 111. This allows the intake air from the second hole portion 112 to purge the spark plug, increasing the convective heat transfer at the spark plug and lowering its temperature. This reduces the risk of pre-ignition, facilitating the proper operation of the internal combustion engine and facilitating the application of hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines.
[0030] The first hole portion 111 may be located at the center of the cover body 110. Of course, the first hole portion 111 may also be located at other positions of the cover body 110, which is not limited here.
[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first hole portion 111 may have a first central axis P; the second hole portion 112 may have a second central axis X; the guide portion 113 may be a slotted hole, that is, a hole formed by a turning process, etc., and the turning range is approximately Figure 3 In the trapezoidal area shown by the dotted line, the slot hole may have a third central axis Y. The first central axis P, the second central axis X, and the third central axis Y may all be parallel and extend along the axial direction of the cover body 110 .
[0032] Combine Figure 4 , with the side of the cover body 110 facing the cylinder block as the reference plane. The first central axis P and the reference plane may have a first intersection A. The second central axis X and the reference plane may have a second intersection B. The third central axis Y and the reference plane may have a third intersection C. The distance between the second intersection B and the first intersection A may be greater than the distance between the third intersection C and the first intersection A, that is, the third intersection C may be closer to the first intersection A relative to the second intersection B, and the guide portion 113 may be eccentrically designed relative to the first hole portion 111.
[0033] Furthermore, the angle between the line connecting the first intersection A and the second intersection B and the line connecting the third intersection C and the second intersection B is smaller than a set angle, so that the eccentric direction of the air guide portion 113 relative to the first hole portion 111 is toward the first hole portion 111. In this way, the air guide portion 113 can effectively guide the intake air, allowing the intake air to smoothly flow to the spark plug installed in the first hole portion 111, thereby better convective heat transfer to the spark plug, thereby reducing the spark plug temperature and reliably suppressing pre-ignition.
[0034] Here, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific value of the above-mentioned set angle. In actual application, those skilled in the art can design it according to specific needs, as long as it can achieve the above-mentioned technical effect. For example, the above-mentioned set angle can be 90°, that is, the above-mentioned angle can be less than 90°.
[0035] In a specific scenario, Figure 4 As shown, the first intersection A, the second intersection B, and the third intersection C may be collinear, that is, the angle between the line connecting the first intersection A and the second intersection B and the line connecting the third intersection C and the second intersection B is 0°. In this way, the guide portion 113 can play a greater guiding role, so that more intake air can flow to the spark plug installed in the first hole portion 111.
[0036] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the distance between the second intersection B and the third intersection C, that is, it does not limit the eccentricity of the guide portion 113 relative to the second hole portion 112. In actual applications, technical personnel in this field can also design it according to specific needs, as long as the above-mentioned technical effects can be achieved.
[0037] In a specific scenario, Figure 3 As shown, the second hole portion 112 may include a seat hole section 112A for mounting an intake valve seat (not shown). The ratio of the distance a between the second intersection point B and the third intersection point C to the radius D of the seat hole section 112A may be between 0.125 and 0.25.
[0038] It should be understood that the structure of the guide portion 113 is not limited to the aforementioned slotted hole. In other words, the guide portion 113 may not be formed by turning, as long as the final formed guide portion 113 can perform the aforementioned diversion function. For example, the guide portion 113 may be integrally formed with the cover body 110 during casting, thereby simplifying the preparation of the guide portion 113.
[0039] In some optional implementations, the cover body 110 may further be provided with an air intake passage 115. When the air intake valve is in an open state, the air intake passage 115 may be communicated with the second hole portion 112 to allow combustion-supporting gas to flow into the cylinder chamber.
[0040] In the axial direction of the cover body 110, i.e., in the vertical direction, and in the direction closer to the cylinder block, i.e., from top to bottom, the intake passage 115 can be arranged obliquely toward the location of the first hole portion 111. In this way, the intake passage 115 can also play a guiding role, allowing the intake air to flow better to the spark plug installed in the first hole portion 111, thereby achieving efficient cooling of the spark plug and more effectively suppressing pre-ignition.
[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the angle between the central axis Q of the intake passage 115 and the central axis of the first hole portion 111 (i.e., the first central axis P) can be referred to as angle b. The present invention does not limit the specific value of angle b. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can determine the value based on specific needs, as long as it meets the requirements. For example, the value of angle b can range from 5° to 15°.
[0042] In practice, the number of the second hole portions 112 and the number of the air inlet channels 115 can both be two. The two air inlet channels 115 can be respectively connected to the two second hole portions 112 , and the two air inlet channels 115 can be symmetrically arranged in the cover body 110 .
[0043] Combine Figure 1 The cover body 110 may further be provided with a third hole portion 114 , and the third hole portion 114 may be used for installing the outlet valve.
[0044] The present invention also provides an internal combustion engine system, comprising an internal combustion engine, a spark plug, an intake valve, a drive mechanism, and a controller. The internal combustion engine may be any of the aforementioned embodiments. The spark plug may be mounted in the first hole 111. The intake valve may be mounted in the second hole 112. The drive mechanism may be connected to the intake valve. The controller is communicatively coupled to the drive mechanism, and the controller is configured to drive the intake valve to move via the drive mechanism.
[0045] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is the lift curve of the intake valve.
[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the intake valve has a full lift state and a low lift state. The ratio of the intake valve lift height h in the low lift state to the intake valve lift height H in the full lift state can be between 0.25 and 0.5. The applicant's research has found that in the low lift state, the guide portion 113 can better perform its guiding function, allowing more intake air to flow to the spark plug. Therefore, appropriately extending the duration t of the low lift state is very beneficial for reducing spark plug temperature and suppressing pre-ignition.
[0047] To this end, in an embodiment of the present invention, the controller may further include a first storage module and a second storage module. The first storage module may store the duration t of the low-lift state, and the second storage module may store the opening time T of the intake valve. The ratio of the duration t to the opening time T may be between 0.3 and 0.5. The controller may further include a processing module, which may issue corresponding control instructions to the drive mechanism according to the above-mentioned duration t and opening time T, so that the drive mechanism controls the opening process of the intake valve. In this solution, by adjusting the ratio of the duration t to the opening time T, the duration t of the low-lift state can be increased to a certain extent, so as to more fully exert the diversion effect of the guide portion 113 in the cylinder head 100 provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that: The internal combustion engine also includes a cylinder block, and the cylinder head includes a cover body, the cover body is provided with a first hole portion and a second hole portion, the first hole portion is used to install a spark plug, and the second hole portion is used to install an intake valve, and the cover body is provided with a guide portion on the side facing the cylinder block, the guide portion and the second hole portion are connected, and the guide portion is configured to be able to guide the intake air of the second hole portion at least partially to the spark plug installed in the first hole portion.
2. The cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hole portion has a first central axis, the second hole portion has a second central axis, the guide portion is a slotted hole, and the slotted hole has a third central axis; Taking the side of the cover body facing the cylinder body as the reference plane, the first central axis and the reference plane have a first intersection, the second central axis and the reference plane have a second intersection, the third central axis and the reference plane have a third intersection, the distance between the second intersection and the first intersection is greater than the distance between the third intersection and the first intersection, and the angle between the line between the first intersection and the second intersection and the line between the third intersection and the second intersection is less than the set angle.
3. The cylinder head of the internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first intersection point, the second intersection point, and the third intersection point are collinear.
4. The cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second hole portion includes a seat cushion hole section for mounting an intake valve seat cushion, and a ratio of a distance a between the second intersection point and the third intersection point to a radius D of the seat cushion hole section is between 0.125 and 0.
25.
5. The cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cover body is further provided with an air intake passage, the air intake passage is communicated with the second hole portion, and along a direction close to the cylinder body, the air intake passage is inclined toward the location of the first hole portion.
6. The cylinder head of the internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The central axis of the air intake passage and the central axis of the first hole portion are arranged at an angle b, and the angle b is between 5° and 15°.
7. The cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the second hole portions and the number of the air inlet channels are both two, the two air inlet channels are respectively connected to the two second hole portions, and the two air inlet channels are symmetrically arranged on the cover body.
8. An internal combustion engine, characterized in that The invention comprises a cylinder block and a cylinder head, wherein the cylinder head is the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An internal combustion engine system, characterized in that: It includes an internal combustion engine, a spark plug, an intake valve, a driving mechanism and a controller, the internal combustion engine is the internal combustion engine according to claim 8, the driving mechanism is connected to the intake valve, the controller is communicatively connected to the driving mechanism, and the controller is used to drive the intake valve to move through the driving mechanism.
10. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intake valve has a full lift state and a low lift state, and the ratio of the lift height of the intake valve in the low lift state to the lift height of the intake valve in the full lift state is between 0.25 and 0.
5. The controller includes a first storage module and a second storage module. The first storage module stores the duration t of the low lift state, and the second storage module stores the opening time T of the intake valve. The ratio of the duration t to the opening time T is between 0.3 and 0.5.