Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a battery, a first packaging layer and a second packaging layer, the first packaging layer is arranged on one side of the battery, the second packaging layer is arranged on the other side of the battery, and at least one of the first packaging layer and the second packaging layer comprises a thermosetting adhesive layer. According to the photovoltaic module provided by the invention, the thermosetting adhesive layer is arranged on the battery, so that a relatively good stress buffering effect can be provided for the battery, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the long-term use reliability of the solar battery are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] Solar photovoltaic technology, as a clean and renewable energy source, is closely linked to global ecological and energy issues. Perovskite solar cells, with their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and cost advantages, demonstrate enormous application potential. However, under thermal cycling conditions, perovskite solar cells are susceptible to high shear stress due to the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer. This can lead to delamination between the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer, severely impacting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present application discloses a photovoltaic module, which can provide a good stress buffering effect for solar cells, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells and the reliability of long-term use.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present application discloses a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0005] Battery;

[0006] a first packaging layer, the first packaging layer being disposed on one side of the battery; and

[0007] a second packaging layer, the second packaging layer being provided on the other side of the battery;

[0008] Wherein, at least one of the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer includes a thermosetting adhesive layer.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the battery includes a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface that are opposite to each other along a thickness direction, and the thermosetting adhesive layer is provided on the light-receiving surface.

[0010] In some possible embodiments, the first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer, the battery includes a plurality of battery cell strings arranged along a first direction, the thermosetting adhesive layer includes a plurality of first sub-sections, and the plurality of first sub-sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the first direction corresponding to the battery cell strings, and each first sub-section at least partially covers the corresponding battery cell string.

[0011] In some possible implementations, a width of the first sub-portion along the first direction is 100 mm-208 mm.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a third encapsulation layer;

[0013] There is a first gap between two adjacent battery cell strings, a second gap between two adjacent first sub-sections, the second gap corresponds to the first gap, and the third encapsulation layer is provided at the first gap and the second gap; and / or,

[0014] The third encapsulation layer surrounds the periphery of the battery cell string, and the third encapsulation layer is connected to the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer;

[0015] The adhesiveness of the third encapsulation layer is greater than the adhesiveness of the first encapsulation layer.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the second encapsulation layer includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer, the third encapsulation layer is made of the same material as the second encapsulation layer, and / or the second encapsulation layer overflows to form the third encapsulation layer.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer, and the second encapsulation layer includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a fourth encapsulation layer, the fourth encapsulation layer is disposed between the first encapsulation layer and the battery, and the fourth encapsulation layer includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer;

[0020] The material of the first encapsulation layer is a polydimethylsiloxane compound; and / or,

[0021] The material of the second encapsulation layer is thermoplastic polyolefin; and / or,

[0022] The tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer is 5 MPa-20 MPa; and / or,

[0023] The tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer is 0.1 MPa-3.0 MPa; and / or,

[0024] The light transmittance of the first encapsulation layer is greater than the light transmittance of the second encapsulation layer.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the cell is a perovskite solar cell.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] The present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising a cell, a first encapsulation layer, and a second encapsulation layer. The first encapsulation layer is disposed on one side of the cell, and the second encapsulation layer is disposed on the other side of the cell. At least one of the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer comprises a thermosetting adhesive layer. Due to the thermosetting nature of the thermosetting adhesive layer, the photovoltaic module provided by the present application will not remelt and soften after curing. By providing the thermosetting adhesive layer on the cell, the cell can provide a good stress buffering effect, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module in related technology;

[0030] Figure 2 A top view of the arrangement of the first packaging layer, the second packaging layer, and the battery in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a side view of a photovoltaic module before packaging in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a side view of a photovoltaic module after packaging in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a side view of another photovoltaic module before packaging in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of this application.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] a-solar cell; b-encapsulation layer; c-glass cover;

[0037] 100-photovoltaic module; 1-battery; 11-cell string; 111-first gap;

[0038] 2-first encapsulation layer; 21-thermosetting adhesive layer; 211-first sub-section; 2111-second gap;

[0039] 3-second encapsulation layer; 31-thermoplastic adhesive layer;

[0040] 4-third packaging layer; 5-cover plate; 6-frame; 7-fourth packaging layer;

[0041] S1 - light-receiving surface; S2 - backlight surface; F1 - first direction; F2 - second direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] In this application, the terms "upper" and "lower" and other terms indicating positions or locations are based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily intended to better describe this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the devices, elements, or components indicated to having a specific orientation, or to being constructed or operated in a specific orientation.

[0044] Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings besides indicating a position or location. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a dependency or connection in certain circumstances. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "equipped with," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integral structures; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (which may or may not be of the same type and configuration), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0047] As a clean and renewable energy source, solar photovoltaic technology plays a vital role in global ecological and environmental protection and energy transition. With the advancement of science and technology, solar photovoltaic technology continues to evolve. Perovskite solar cells, with their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and significant cost advantages, have become a research hotspot in the photovoltaic field in recent years.

[0048] Perovskite solar cells use perovskite materials as their light absorption layer. This material has excellent optical and electrical properties, can absorb almost all visible wavelengths of light, and efficiently convert light energy into electrical energy. In addition, the preparation process of perovskite solar cells is relatively simple and low-cost. Moreover, the raw materials of perovskite solar cells are abundant, not limited by the reserves of rare metal elements, and have a high light absorption coefficient. This makes the raw material cost of perovskite solar cells only 1 / 20 of that of traditional crystalline silicon cells, and the production cost is only 50% of that of crystalline silicon cells. These advantages make perovskite solar cells extremely competitive in commercial applications.

[0049] Perovskite solar cells are sensitive to water and oxygen and decompose rapidly in humid environments, resulting in poor stability. Therefore, perovskite solar cells need to be encapsulated to improve their stability. However, during thermal cycling, the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer can easily generate significant shear stress, leading to delamination between the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer, which seriously affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0050] See also Figure 1 In order to solve the above problems, the inventors tried to use a method of setting encapsulation layers b on the upper and lower sides of the perovskite solar cell (as solar cell a), and setting a glass cover c on the side of the two encapsulation layers b away from the solar cell, and then performing thermal lamination encapsulation to achieve encapsulation protection for solar cell a. Among them, the encapsulation layer b is mostly made of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) film. The processing temperature of the TPO film is low and the water barrier is good. However, the TPO film will melt and soften when used at high temperatures, and will generate large stress after cooling. This stress will be transmitted to the inside of the perovskite solar cell, resulting in delamination between the titanium light absorption layer and the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell. In this way, solar cell a will not only be subjected to large internal shear stress, but also to the stress caused by the TPO film, which will lead to a decrease in the electrical performance of solar cell a, and then to a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0051] In view of this, the present application provides a photovoltaic module that can provide a better stress buffering effect for solar cells, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and the reliability of long-term use.

[0052] The technical solution of the present application will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and drawings.

[0053] Please also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3The photovoltaic module 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a cell 1, a first encapsulation layer 2, and a second encapsulation layer 3. The first encapsulation layer 2 is disposed on one side of the cell 1, and the second encapsulation layer 3 is disposed on the other side of the cell 1. At least one of the first encapsulation layer 2 and the second encapsulation layer 3 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21.

[0054] It is understood that the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 refers to an adhesive layer that can be softened when initially heated, can be hardened and set after being heated for a certain period of time or after adding a curing agent, and will not soften or dissolve when heated again.

[0055] For example, in the photovoltaic module 100, the first encapsulation layer 2 can include a thermosetting adhesive layer 21. Therefore, based on the material properties of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21, the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 is disposed on the battery 1, thereby providing a stress buffering effect for the battery 1 after the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 is initially heated and cured. Thus, during the service life of the photovoltaic module 100, the cured thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can effectively alleviate stress generated within the battery 1, preventing delamination between the light absorption layer and the electron transport layer within the battery 1, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic module 100's photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability.

[0056] Of course, the photovoltaic module 100 can also be other examples. For example, the second encapsulation layer 3 can include a thermosetting adhesive layer 21, or the first encapsulation layer 2 and the second encapsulation layer 3 can both include a thermosetting adhesive layer 21. This embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited to this. When both the first encapsulation layer 2 and the second encapsulation layer 3 include a thermosetting adhesive layer 21, that is, the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 is provided on both sides of the battery 1 along the thickness direction. In this case, the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can better relieve stress for the battery 1.

[0057] It is understandable that the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can completely cover the battery 1. Of course, as another example, the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can also cover part of the battery 1. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the area and shape of the battery 1 covered by the thermosetting adhesive layer 21.

[0058] In some embodiments, the cell 1 includes a light-receiving surface S1 and a backlight surface S2 that are opposite to each other along the thickness direction, and the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 is disposed on the light-receiving surface S1. Due to the high light transmittance of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21, sunlight can better penetrate the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 and be absorbed by the cell 1, thereby effectively improving the performance of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21. The battery 1 includes multiple cell strings 11 arranged along a first direction F1. The thermosetting adhesive layer 21 includes multiple first sub-portions 211. The multiple first sub-portions 211 are spaced apart along the first direction F1 corresponding to the cell strings 11, and each first sub-portion 211 at least partially covers the corresponding cell string 11. Multiple cells are arranged along a second direction F2 to form a cell string 11. The multiple cell strings 11 are arranged along the first direction F1, and each first sub-portion 211 is spaced apart along the first direction F1 corresponding to each cell string 11. The first sub-portions 211 on the cell strings 11 can provide stress relief for the cell strings 11, thereby effectively preventing delamination between the light absorption layer and the electron transport layer within the battery 1, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100. The second direction F2 intersects with the first direction F1.

[0060] It can be understood that the multiple first sub-sections 211 are respectively arranged in the first direction F1 corresponding to the battery cell strings 11, that is, the first encapsulation layer 2 covers part of the battery 1. On the one hand, the material usage of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can be reduced. On the other hand, when the subsequent photovoltaic component 100 uses the cover plate 5 to encapsulate the battery 1, space can also be reserved for the subsequent addition of a third encapsulation layer 4 with better adhesion to improve the bonding strength between the cover plate 5 and the battery 1, thereby improving the sealing and encapsulation strength of the photovoltaic component 100.

[0061] In addition, the first sub-sections 211 can be arranged in intervals along the first direction F1 corresponding to the cell strings 11. As another example, the first sub-sections 211 can also be arranged in intervals along the second direction F2. However, after the cell strings 11 are soldered together, each first sub-section 211 of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 can be directly placed on each cell string 11, and then the cell strings 11 provided with the first sub-sections 211 are arranged to form a cell 1. This processing technology can effectively improve packaging efficiency, reduce the increase in packaging equipment, and thus effectively reduce the production cost of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0062] For example, taking the battery 1 as a rectangular sheet, the first direction F1 may be along the length direction of the battery 1, and the second direction F2 may be along the width direction of the battery 1. Of course, as other examples, the first direction F1 may be along the width direction of the battery 1, and the second direction F2 may be along the length direction of the battery 1.

[0063] Optionally, the width of the first sub-portion 211 along the first direction F1 is 100 mm to 208 mm. Exemplary widths include 100 mm, 110 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 140 mm, 150 mm, 160 mm, 170 mm, 180 mm, 190 mm, 200 mm, 208 mm, and the like. If the width of the first sub-portion 211 along the first direction F1 is too small, the stress buffering effect of the first sub-portion 211 on the battery 1 may be insufficient, resulting in an inability to relieve the internal stress of the battery 1. This may easily cause delamination between the light absorption layer and the electron transport layer within the battery 1, thereby reducing the electrical performance and long-term reliability of the battery 1. When the width of the first sub-portion 211 along the first direction F1 is too large, the first sub-portion 211 may completely cover the battery cell string 11. However, due to the limited viscosity of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21, the covering width of the first gap 111 reserved by the first sub-portion 211 can be used to set a packaging layer of other materials, such as the third packaging layer 4. In this way, while taking into account the stress relief effect provided by the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 for the battery 1, it can also achieve effective sealing of the photovoltaic module 100, which is beneficial to the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0064] Optionally, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a third encapsulation layer 4. A first gap 111 is defined between two adjacent cell strings 11, and a second gap 2111 is defined between two adjacent first sub-portions 211. The second gap 2111 corresponds to the first gap 111, i.e., the second gap 2111 and the first gap 111 overlap. The third encapsulation layer 4 is disposed at the first gap 111 and the second gap 2111, and is used to cover the first gap 111 and the second gap 2111. In this case, because the adhesiveness of the third encapsulation layer is greater than that of the first encapsulation layer, the cell 1 can utilize the thermosetting properties of the first sub-portion 211 of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 to provide stress relief for the cell 1, and can also utilize the third encapsulation layer 4 to improve the bonding strength of the cell 1, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0065] Optionally, the third encapsulation layer 4 surrounds the periphery of the battery cell string 11 and is connected to the first encapsulation layer 2 and the second encapsulation layer 3. Thus, the third encapsulation layer 4 surrounds the first encapsulation layer 2, the battery cell 1, and the second encapsulation layer 3, providing protection for the periphery of the battery cell 1 while also increasing the bonding strength of the battery cell 1, providing sufficient bonding strength for the subsequent encapsulation of the cover plate 5 on the first encapsulation layer 2.

[0066] Optionally, the second encapsulation layer 3 includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31, and the third encapsulation layer 4 is made of the same material as the second encapsulation layer 3. While the first encapsulation layer 2 can provide effective stress relief for the battery 1, the material of the first encapsulation layer 2 has a relatively low bonding strength, which cannot meet the requirements for subsequent bonding to the encapsulation cover plate 5 of the photovoltaic module 100. Furthermore, since the thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 has the property of flowing and deforming when heated and retaining a certain shape after cooling, the third encapsulation layer 4 is made of the same material as the second encapsulation layer 3, ensuring that both the second encapsulation layer 3 and the third encapsulation layer 4 have strong bonding strength, thereby achieving effective encapsulation of the battery 1 and the outermost cover plate 5, thereby improving the photovoltaic module 100's photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability.

[0067] See also Figure 4 Optionally, since the second encapsulation layer 3 can have a certain fluidity after heating, and there is a gap between two adjacent battery cell strings 11, and the chamfered design of the battery cell will also form pores, then when the photovoltaic module 100 is subjected to a heating and lamination process, the second encapsulation layer 3 can overflow through these gaps and pores to form a third encapsulation layer 4, thereby achieving good bonding strength on both sides of the battery 1 along the thickness direction, thereby improving the encapsulation performance of the photovoltaic module 100 and improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100 for long-term use.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21, and the second encapsulation layer 3 includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31. Because the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 has excellent thermosetting properties, it can provide excellent stress relief for the battery 1. The thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 is provided on the other side of the battery 1 to improve the water resistance and bonding strength of the photovoltaic module 100. This allows the photovoltaic module 100 to achieve excellent stress relief after encapsulation while also achieving high bonding strength and water resistance, thereby improving the long-term reliability and stability of the photovoltaic module 100. Furthermore, because the thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 has good fluidity, it can overflow through the first gaps 111 between the cell strings 11 during the encapsulation process, allowing the thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 on one side of the battery 1 to flow to the other side of the battery 1, thereby improving the bonding strength between the battery 1 and the two side cover plates 5. This effectively enhances the sealing and water resistance between the battery 1 and the two side cover plates 5, thereby improving the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0069] See also Figure 5In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a fourth encapsulation layer 7, which is disposed between the first encapsulation layer 2 and the battery 1. The fourth encapsulation layer 7 includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31. Considering that the aforementioned third encapsulation layer 4 needs to be disposed by overflow or attachment, the process steps are relatively strict and complex. Therefore, the fourth encapsulation layer 7 is designed to be disposed between the first encapsulation layer 2 and the battery 1, that is, the fourth encapsulation layer 7 covers the battery 1. This can effectively improve the bonding strength and water resistance of the battery 1 while enabling the first encapsulation layer 2 to relieve stress on the battery 1, thereby improving the long-term reliability and stability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0070] Among them, the fourth encapsulation layer 7 may include a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31. Since the thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 has the property of being able to flow and deform when heated and to maintain a certain shape after cooling, when the photovoltaic module 100 is hot-laminated, the material properties of the thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 can be utilized to effectively improve the bonding strength and sealing performance between the battery 1 and the cover plate 5, thereby improving the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21. The material of the first encapsulation layer 2 is a polydimethylsiloxane compound. Of course, the material of the first encapsulation portion is not limited to the aforementioned materials and may also be other materials, such as silicone resin, epoxy resin, etc. Polydimethylsiloxane compounds can be encapsulated at relatively low temperatures and have good thermosetting properties. Therefore, they can meet the low-temperature encapsulation requirements of perovskite solar cells. After the initial heating and curing, they will not melt or soften due to heat, providing stress relief for the cell 1, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21, and the second encapsulation layer 3 includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31. The material of the second encapsulation layer 3 can be thermoplastic polyolefin. Of course, the material of the second encapsulation portion is not limited to the aforementioned materials and can also be other materials, such as polyamide resin and polystyrene. Thermoplastic polyolefin also meets the low-temperature encapsulation requirements of perovskite solar cells and has good water resistance and adhesive strength. It can effectively improve the water resistance and adhesive strength of the photovoltaic module 100, thereby improving the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0073] Furthermore, despite the thermoplastic properties and high rigidity of thermoplastic polyolefins after curing, the second encapsulation layer 3 of the photovoltaic module 100 may partially melt and soften under high-temperature service conditions, thereby generating significant internal stress on the battery 1. However, by utilizing the thermosetting properties of the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 in the first encapsulation layer 2, the stress caused by the second encapsulation layer 3 can be effectively alleviated. At the same time, the good water resistance and adhesive strength of the thermoplastic polyolefin are retained, effectively improving the photovoltaic module 100's photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability.

[0074] That is, the photovoltaic module 100 of the present application sets a thermosetting adhesive layer 21 on the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1 and sets a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31 on the backlight surface S2 of the battery 1. Since the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1 is the side that directly receives sunlight, in order to effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery 1, the first encapsulation layer 2 with high light transmittance is set on the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1. The first encapsulation layer 2 can provide better stress relief for the battery 1 while effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery 1.

[0075] In some embodiments, when the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21 and the second encapsulation layer 3 includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer 31, the tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer 2 is 5 MPa-20 MPa, and the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 is 0.1 MPa-3.0 MPa. It can be seen that the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 is lower than that of the first encapsulation layer 2 because the first encapsulation layer 2 needs to provide better stress relief for the battery 1, while the second encapsulation layer 3 needs to provide higher bonding strength and sealing performance. Therefore, the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 is lower than that of the first encapsulation layer 2.

[0076] For example, the tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer 2 may include, but is not limited to, 5 MPa, 7 MPa, 9 MPa, 11 MPa, 13 MPa, 15 MPa, 17 MPa, 19 MPa, 20 MPa, etc. When the tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer 2 is too low, the stress-bearing strength of the photovoltaic module 100 will not be able to meet the stress-bearing requirements of the photovoltaic module 100 for long-term use, making the photovoltaic module 100 prone to deformation during long-term use, thereby affecting the packaging sealing of the photovoltaic module 100 and having a poor stress relief effect on the battery 1, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100. When the tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer 2 is too high, it is easy to cause the first encapsulation layer 2 to break or deform during the lamination and packaging process, affecting the quality of the first encapsulation layer 2, thereby reducing the stress relief effect of the first encapsulation layer 2 in the photovoltaic module 100.

[0077] For example, the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 may include, but is not limited to, 0.1 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 1.0 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2.0 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3.0 MPa, etc. When the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 is too low, the load-bearing strength of the photovoltaic module 100 may not meet the load-bearing requirements of the photovoltaic module 100 for long-term use, making the photovoltaic module 100 susceptible to deformation during long-term use, thereby affecting the encapsulation sealing of the photovoltaic module 100, and further affecting the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100. When the tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 is too high, it may easily cause the second encapsulation layer 3 to break or deform during the lamination and encapsulation process, affecting the quality of the second encapsulation layer 3 and reducing the water barrier performance and bonding strength of the second encapsulation layer 3 in the photovoltaic module 100.

[0078] In some embodiments, the transmittance of the first encapsulation layer 2 is greater than the transmittance of the second encapsulation layer 3. Since the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1 is the side that directly receives sunlight, the first encapsulation layer 2 is set on the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1, and a high-transmittance encapsulation layer is required. The second encapsulation layer 3 is set on the backlight surface S2 of the battery 1. Compared with the first encapsulation layer 2, the transmittance requirement for the second encapsulation layer 3 can be relatively lower. In this application, the transmittance of the first encapsulation layer 2 can meet the requirement of being greater than or equal to 95%, and the transmittance of the second encapsulation layer 3 can meet the requirement of being greater than or equal to 85%. The transmittance of the first encapsulation layer 2 can reach 99%. Due to the high transmittance of the first encapsulation layer 2, setting the first encapsulation layer 2 on the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1 helps sunlight better penetrate the first encapsulation layer 2 and be absorbed by the battery 1, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100. In addition, since the first encapsulation layer 2 includes a thermosetting adhesive layer 21, the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 is arranged on the light-receiving surface S1 of the battery 1, and the second encapsulation layer 3 is arranged on the backlight surface S2, that is, the photovoltaic component 100 requires that the transmittance of the second encapsulation layer 3 is lower than that of the first encapsulation layer 2.

[0079] In some embodiments, the battery 1 is a perovskite solar cell. Since the raw materials of perovskite solar cells are abundant and not limited by the reserves of rare metal elements, and the light absorption coefficient is high, the raw material cost and production cost of perovskite solar cells are lower than those of crystalline silicon solar cells. In addition, during the thermal cycle service of the perovskite solar cell, the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer inside the perovskite solar cell will generate large shear stress due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients. Compared with the more stable internal structure of crystalline silicon solar cells, applying the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 to the perovskite solar cell 1 can provide better protection for the battery 1 and highlight the effect of applying the thermosetting adhesive layer 21 to the encapsulated battery 1.

[0080] It is understandable that the battery may also include a crystalline silicon solar cell. The specific type of the battery 1 is not limited. The structure of the photovoltaic module 100 may be adjusted according to actual needs to obtain a photovoltaic module 100 of a corresponding type.

[0081] In addition, the battery 1 in the embodiment of the present application may include a busbarless solar cell or a busbar solar cell, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0082] See also Figure 6 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes two cover plates 5, one of which is disposed on the side of the first encapsulation layer 2 away from the battery 1, and the other cover plate 5 is disposed on the side of the second encapsulation layer 3 away from the battery 1. Because both the second encapsulation layer 3 and the third encapsulation layer 4 have high bonding strength, the photovoltaic module 100 of the present application does not require additional adhesive material during encapsulation, thereby reducing the number of encapsulation process steps and production costs of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0083] The two cover plates 5 may be made of photovoltaic glass, which can effectively protect the internal battery 1 and improve the battery 1's light absorption capacity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0084] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a frame 6, which is used to connect the two cover plates 5 and is disposed around the outer periphery of the two cover plates 5. Thus, under the protective effect of the frame 6, the possibility of cracking at the edges of the two cover plates 5 can be reduced, thereby improving the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic module 100 and extending the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The frame 6 can be made of aluminum, stainless steel, etc.

[0085] The following is a brief description of the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module 100 disclosed in this application:

[0086] When encapsulating the photovoltaic module 100 of the present application, a first subsection 211 of the first encapsulation layer 2 is first arranged on the welded string of cell cells 11. The first subsection 211 is located on the light-receiving surface of the cell string 11. At this time, slight heating can be applied to solidify the first encapsulation layer 2. Then, the cell string 11 provided with the first subsection 211 is placed on the cover plate 5 provided with the second encapsulation layer 3, with the backlight surface S2 of the cell string 11 provided on the second encapsulation layer 3. Multiple cell strings 11 provided with the first subsection 211 are arranged along a first direction and are all provided on the second encapsulation layer 3. Finally, another cover plate 5 is provided on the side of the first subsection 211 away from the cell 1, and a heating and lamination process is performed. At this time, the second encapsulation layer 3 with good fluidity can overflow through the first gap 111 between the battery cell strings 11, so that the second encapsulation layer 3 located on the backlight surface S2 can flow to the light-receiving surface S1 and be bonded to the cover plate 5 on the side of the first sub-section 211, thereby effectively improving the sealing and water resistance between the battery 1 and the cover plate 5, and thereby improving the long-term use reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Battery; a first packaging layer, the first packaging layer being provided on one side of the battery; as well as a second packaging layer, the second packaging layer being provided on the other side of the battery; Wherein, at least one of the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer includes a thermosetting adhesive layer.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery comprises a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface which are opposite to each other along the thickness direction, and the thermosetting adhesive layer is arranged on the light-receiving surface.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer, the battery includes a plurality of battery cell strings arranged along a first direction, the thermosetting adhesive layer includes a plurality of first sub-sections, and the plurality of first sub-sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the first direction corresponding to the battery cell strings, and each first sub-section at least partially covers the corresponding battery cell string.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that The width of the first sub-portion along the first direction is 100 mm-208 mm.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module further includes a third encapsulation layer; There is a first gap between two adjacent battery cell strings, a second gap between two adjacent first sub-sections, the second gap corresponds to the first gap, and the third encapsulation layer is provided at the first gap and the second gap; and / or, The third encapsulation layer surrounds the periphery of the battery cell string, and the third encapsulation layer is connected to the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer; The adhesiveness of the third encapsulation layer is greater than the adhesiveness of the first encapsulation layer.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second encapsulation layer includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer, the third encapsulation layer is made of the same material as the second encapsulation layer, and / or the second encapsulation layer overflows to form the third encapsulation layer.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer, and the second encapsulation layer includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The photovoltaic component further includes a fourth encapsulation layer, which is disposed between the first encapsulation layer and the battery, and includes a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first encapsulation layer includes the thermosetting adhesive layer; The material of the first encapsulation layer is a polydimethylsiloxane compound; and / or, The material of the second encapsulation layer is thermoplastic polyolefin; and / or, The tensile strength of the first encapsulation layer is 5 MPa-20 MPa; and / or, The tensile strength of the second encapsulation layer is 0.1 MPa-3.0 MPa; and / or, The light transmittance of the first encapsulation layer is greater than the light transmittance of the second encapsulation layer.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The battery is a perovskite solar cell.

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