High-pressure plunger pump

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-pressure plunger pump, and belongs to the technical field of high-pressure plunger pumps. Comprising a plunger cavity; the plunger body is movably arranged in the plunger cavity; the protective sleeve is arranged on the surface of the plunger body, and the surface of the protective sleeve is in sliding contact with the plunger cavity; the plurality of balls are arranged in the plunger cavity and are circumferentially distributed; the sliding grooves are formed in the surface of the protective sleeve and are distributed circumferentially; the sliding grooves are used in cooperation with the balls. And the compression-resistant layer is arranged at one end, in contact with oil, of the plunger body. Through the arrangement of the balls and the sliding grooves, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction, energy loss and part abrasion in the movement process of the plunger can be obviously reduced, meanwhile, more accurate guidance is provided for movement of the plunger, rotation deviation of the plunger can be effectively prevented, and therefore internal stress generated by rotation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of high-pressure plunger pumps, in particular to a high-pressure plunger pump. Background Art

[0002] The plunger pump is a crucial component in hydraulic systems. It relies on the reciprocating motion of the plunger within the cylinder, causing the volume of the sealed working chamber to change, thereby absorbing and compressing oil. In the hydraulic system of a machine tool, the high-pressure plunger pump is a key power element. It converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, providing a high-pressure oil source for various hydraulic actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.

[0003] At present, during the use of existing plunger pumps, the action of lateral force and uneven friction will cause rotational offset between the plunger and the cylinder body. During the rotation process, the molecular structure inside the plunger will be pulled and squeezed. This uneven stress state will generate internal stress inside the plunger. Due to the repeated action of internal stress, it is easy to cause plunger loss until it breaks. Therefore, the present application provides a high-pressure plunger pump to meet the needs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a high-pressure plunger pump to solve the problem that in the use of the existing plunger pump, rotational offset occurs between the plunger and the cylinder body, causing plunger loss and even breakage.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] A high-pressure plunger pump comprises: a plunger cavity; a plunger body movably arranged in the plunger cavity; a protective sleeve arranged on the surface of the plunger body, the surface of the protective sleeve being in sliding contact with the plunger cavity; a plurality of balls arranged in the plunger cavity and distributed in a circumferential manner; a plurality of slide grooves arranged on the surface of the protective sleeve and distributed in a circumferential manner; the slide grooves are used in conjunction with the balls; and a pressure-resistant layer is arranged at one end of the plunger body in contact with oil.

[0007] The pressure-resistant layer is in a hemispherical arc shape and is made of alloy steel.

[0008] It also includes: a sealing ring, which is arranged on the plunger body, and the surface of the sealing ring is covered with a nano-level lubricating coating; the sealing ring has an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer.

[0009] The outer layer is made of wear-resistant metal or ceramic material.

[0010] The middle layer is made of elastic rubber or elastomer material.

[0011] The inner layer is made of shape memory alloy and high molecular polymer composite material.

[0012] It also includes: a plurality of compensation chambers, which are arranged in the plunger chamber.

[0013] The plurality of compensation cavities are interconnected, and the centers of the compensation cavities are circular.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects.

[0015] In the above scheme, by setting balls and grooves, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction, which can significantly reduce energy loss and component wear during the movement of the plunger. At the same time, the plunger movement provides more precise guidance, which can effectively prevent the plunger from rotating and offset, thereby avoiding internal stress caused by rotation.

[0016] By setting a sealing ring, the small vibrations and lateral forces exerted on the plunger can be buffered to a certain extent. When the plunger is subjected to an external force that causes rotational deviation, the middle layer can absorb part of the energy and stabilize the position of the plunger body. The inner layer can adaptively adjust its shape according to the working state to ensure a good sealing effect, which helps to maintain the stability of the oil pressure around the plunger body and reduce oil leakage and pressure fluctuations caused by poor sealing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a high-pressure plunger pump.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the ball structure.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the compensation cavity structure.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a side sectional view of the sealing ring structure.

[0021] [reference numerals]

[0022] 1. Plunger cavity; 2. Sealing ring; 3. Protective sleeve; 4. Slide groove; 5. Plunger body; 6. Ball; 7. Pressure-resistant layer; 8. Compensating cavity; 21. Outer layer; 22. Middle layer; 23. Inner layer.

[0023] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments, and the adjustments or modifications made are still included in the scope of the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following describes a high-pressure plunger pump provided by the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is also noted that, to provide a more detailed description, the following embodiments are best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may employ alternative methods for implementing the invention in accordance with known techniques. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are provided solely for the purpose of describing the embodiments in greater detail and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-pressure plunger pump, comprising: a plunger chamber 1; a plunger body 5, movably arranged in the plunger chamber 1; a protective sleeve 3, arranged on the surface of the plunger body 5, and the surface of the protective sleeve 3 is in sliding contact with the plunger chamber 1; a plurality of balls 6, arranged in the plunger chamber 1, distributed in a circular pattern; a plurality of slide grooves 4, arranged on the surface of the protective sleeve 3, distributed in a circular pattern; the slide grooves 4 are used in conjunction with the balls 6; and a pressure-resistant layer 7, arranged at one end of the plunger body 5 in contact with the oil.

[0026] Since the balls 6 are evenly distributed in the slide groove 4 and can roll flexibly, when the plunger body 5 is subjected to lateral force, the force will be evenly dispersed to the protective sleeve 3 through the balls 6. This uniform force method reduces the situation where the plunger body 5 is subjected to excessive local force, and further reduces the possibility of the plunger body 5 causing rotational deviation due to uneven force.

[0027] The pressure-resistant layer 7 is hemispherical and arc-shaped, and is made of alloy steel. When subjected to oil pressure, the hemispherical arc-shaped layer 7 evenly distributes the pressure. During oil flow, the hemispherical arc-shaped front end allows the oil to flow more smoothly. Furthermore, the alloy steel composition of the pressure-resistant layer 7 offers excellent fatigue resistance, allowing it to maintain structural integrity under prolonged cyclic stress.

[0028] The device further comprises a sealing ring 2 disposed on the plunger body 5, the surface of the sealing ring 2 being covered with a nano-scale lubricating coating; an outer layer 21, a middle layer 22, and an inner layer 23 of the sealing ring 2. The nano-scale lubricating coating provides uniform lubrication across the entire contact surface, making the wear distribution of the sealing ring 2 more uniform during contact with the plunger. Furthermore, the nano-scale lubricating coating has extremely small particles that fill the microscopic irregularities between the sealing ring 2 and the plunger surface, forming an extremely smooth lubricating interface. For example, nano-silicon dioxide particles can be evenly dispersed in the coating. When the sealing ring 2 and the plunger move relative to each other, these particles roll like tiny beads, converting sliding friction into rolling friction and significantly reducing friction.

[0029] Outer layer 21 is made of a wear-resistant metal or ceramic material. By providing outer layer 21, wear-resistant metals, such as chromium-based alloys or tungsten-based alloys, are used. These metals have high hardness and good wear resistance. During the operation of the plunger pump, when the seal ring 2 and the plunger or cylinder surface generate relative motion, the wear-resistant metal layer can withstand the scraping and wear of friction particles, effectively protecting the internal materials. Ceramic materials such as aluminum oxide or silicon nitride have ultra-high hardness and can maintain an extremely low wear rate.

[0030] The middle layer 22 is made of elastic rubber or elastomeric material. By providing the middle layer 22, during the operation of the high-pressure plunger pump, the reciprocating motion of the plunger body 5 will generate vibrations. The elastic rubber or elastomeric material of the middle layer 22, such as nitrile rubber or polyurethane elastomer, can effectively absorb these vibration energies. When the vibrations are transmitted to the sealing ring 2, the elastic material converts the vibration energy into elastic potential energy through its own elastic deformation and stores it, and then slowly releases it, reducing the impact of the vibrations. At the same time, the elastic rubber or elastomeric material has good elasticity and compressibility, and can deform when the pressure suddenly increases, thus buffering the pressure shock. When the high-pressure oil instantly impacts the sealing ring 2, the middle layer 22 can be compressed like a spring, making the pressure distribution on the sealing ring 2 more even, avoiding sealing failure caused by excessive local pressure.

[0031] The inner layer 23 is composed of a composite material of a shape memory alloy and a polymer. By providing the inner layer 23, a shape memory alloy such as nickel-titanium alloy has a unique shape memory effect. When the plunger pump is in operation and the sealing gap changes due to changes in operating conditions such as temperature and pressure, the shape memory alloy component of the inner layer 23 will respond according to these changes. For example, when the temperature rises and the sealing gap tends to increase, the shape memory alloy will utilize its shape memory effect to produce a corresponding deformation to fill the gap and restore a good sealing contact state. Conversely, when the temperature drops and the gap becomes smaller, it can also appropriately adjust its own shape to avoid affecting the overall performance of the sealing ring 2 due to excessive extrusion, thereby always maintaining an effective seal. Polymers such as polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene can be tightly combined with the shape memory alloy, so that the composite material can more smoothly and evenly adapt to various conditions of the sealing surface during the shape change process.

[0032] The system further comprises a plurality of compensation chambers 8 disposed within the plunger chamber 1. The compensation chambers 8 balance the pressure distribution within the plunger chamber 1 and reduce additional stress caused by pressure fluctuations. When the pressure in the plunger chamber 1 increases, high-pressure oil flows into the compensation chambers 8 through fine channels, causing the pressure within the compensation chambers 8 to rise accordingly. Due to factors such as changes in chamber volume and the flow resistance of the internal oil, some excess pressure energy is absorbed, thereby limiting further pressure increases in the plunger chamber 1. When the pressure in the plunger chamber 1 decreases, the oil in the compensation chambers 8 flows back into the plunger chamber 1, replenishing the pressure and preventing an excessive drop in pressure.

[0033] Several compensating chambers 8 are interconnected and have circular centers. When oil pressure fluctuates, the compensating chambers 8 regulate the pressure through the flow of oil within them, maintaining a relatively stable pressure within the plunger chamber 1. When impurities in the oil enter the compensating chambers 8, their interconnectedness and circular center prevent them from settling or being isolated in specific areas of the compensating chambers 8, preventing damage to the critical working areas of the plunger and cylinder body.

[0034] The technical solution provided by the present invention uses the power source of a high-pressure plunger pump to cause the plunger body 5 to start reciprocating motion in the plunger cavity 1, and the ball 6 to roll in the slide groove 4. During operation, the pressure-resistant layer 7 at the contact end of the plunger with the oil is subjected to the oil pressure. As the plunger reciprocates, the sealing ring 2 maintains good sealing performance under the action of the nano-level lubricating coating. The inner layer 23 adaptively adjusts its shape according to changes in pressure and temperature. The middle layer 22 buffers vibrations and minor deformations. The outer layer 21 resists wear and prevents oil leakage. At the same time, the compensation cavity 8 plays a role in balancing the oil pressure and accommodating impurities during the movement of the plunger.

[0035] This invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this invention. While specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments of this invention to provide a thorough understanding, those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand this invention without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0036] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-pressure plunger pump, characterized in that: include: Plunger cavity (1); A plunger body (5) movably disposed in the plunger cavity (1); A protective sleeve (3) is provided on the surface of the plunger body (5), and the surface of the protective sleeve (3) is in sliding contact with the plunger cavity (1); A plurality of balls (6) are arranged in the plunger cavity (1) and distributed in a circumferential manner; A plurality of slide grooves (4) are arranged on the surface of the protective sleeve (3) and are distributed in a circumferential manner; The chute (4) is used in conjunction with the ball (6); The pressure-resistant layer (7) is arranged at the end of the plunger body (5) in contact with the oil.

2. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressure-resistant layer (7) is in a hemispherical arc shape and is made of alloy steel.

3. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: A sealing ring (2) is provided on the plunger body (5), and the surface of the sealing ring (2) is covered with a nano-scale lubricating coating; The sealing ring (2) comprises an outer layer (21), a middle layer (22) and an inner layer (23).

4. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 3, characterized in that The outer layer (21) is made of wear-resistant metal or ceramic material.

5. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 3, characterized in that The middle layer (22) is made of elastic rubber or elastomer material.

6. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 3, characterized in that The inner layer (23) is composed of a shape memory alloy and a high molecular polymer composite material.

7. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: A plurality of compensation chambers (8) are arranged in the plunger chamber (1).

8. The high-pressure plunger pump according to claim 7, characterized in that The plurality of compensation cavities (8) are interconnected, and the center of the compensation cavity (8) is circular.

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