Wireless vibration sensor for power transmission tower bolt looseness detection

Abstract

The utility model provides a wireless vibration sensor for power transmission tower bolt looseness detection. The wireless vibration sensor comprises a shell, a piezoelectric sensitive base, a signal acquisition circuit board, a wireless transmission module, a battery and a Faraday cage type shielding cover. The piezoelectric sensitive base is connected to the bottom position of the shell, a piezoelectric material is installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base, a fixing plate is arranged in the piezoelectric sensitive base, and the signal acquisition circuit board is arranged on the upper surface of the fixing plate; the wireless transmission modules are arranged above the signal acquisition circuit board at intervals through a support and located in the shell, the support is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the fixing plate, and the wireless transmission modules are detachably arranged on the support and electrically connected with the signal acquisition circuit board through conductive spring contact pieces. And the Faraday cage type shielding case is arranged around the wireless transmission module and is grounded, and the Faraday cage type shielding case is made of a conductive metal net. According to the invention, the working stability of the sensor in a high electromagnetic interference environment is improved, so that the reliability of data transmission can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power equipment monitoring, and in particular to a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on transmission towers. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of power systems, transmission towers, as crucial infrastructure for transmission lines, carry the burden of long-distance, high-voltage power transmission. The tightening and connection of bolts within tower structures are crucial, and their reliability directly impacts the stable operation of power systems. However, under the influence of wind, vibration, and other natural environmental factors, tower bolts can loosen, posing potential safety hazards to power systems. Therefore, effective detection and monitoring of tower bolt loosening has become a critical issue in the power industry.

[0003] Currently, common methods for detecting loose bolts on transmission towers include mechanical detection and vibration sensor technology. These methods typically use sensors mounted on the tower to collect vibration signals, convert them into electrical signals, and transmit them to a remote monitoring system. Existing vibration sensors generally rely on built-in piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, and use wireless modules for data transmission. However, in complex electromagnetic environments such as those near high-voltage transmission lines, existing sensors are often affected by electromagnetic interference, resulting in unstable signal transmission. Furthermore, the electrical connection between the wireless module and the signal acquisition circuit board may be unreliable under long-term vibration, prone to poor contact.

[0004] Existing wireless vibration sensors often face challenges in stability and signal accuracy when operating in environments with high electromagnetic interference. Electromagnetic interference not only affects sensor operation but can also cause distortion or interruption of detection signals. Furthermore, the connection between the wireless module and the signal acquisition circuit board can easily loosen under vibration, affecting data transmission stability. Therefore, ensuring a stable electrical connection between the wireless module and the circuit board while improving electromagnetic interference resistance is a key issue that needs to be addressed in current technology. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present application provides a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower, which is used to solve the problems in the prior art of unstable signal transmission in complex electromagnetic environments and unreliable electrical connection between the wireless module and the signal acquisition circuit board.

[0006] The present application provides a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower, comprising a housing, a piezoelectric sensitive base, a signal acquisition circuit board, a wireless transmission module, a battery, and a Faraday cage shield;

[0007] The piezoelectric sensitive base is connected to the bottom position of the shell, and a piezoelectric material is installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base for transmitting mechanical vibration to the piezoelectric material. A fixing plate is provided in the piezoelectric sensitive base, and the signal acquisition circuit board is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate. The piezoelectric material located below the fixing plate is provided in the lower inner part of the piezoelectric sensitive base, and the signal acquisition circuit board is electrically connected to the piezoelectric material installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base; the wireless transmission module is arranged above the signal acquisition circuit board through a bracket and is located in the shell, and the bracket is vertically provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate. The wireless transmission module is detachably mounted on the bracket and electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board via a conductive spring contact piece. The conductive spring contact piece is fixedly welded to the signal acquisition circuit board via a preset solder point to form an electrical connection. When the wireless transmission module is mounted on the bracket, the electrical contact point at the bottom end of the wireless transmission module is squeezed into contact with the conductive spring contact piece. The battery is fixed to the inner side wall of the housing, and the Faraday cage shield is connected to the outside of the bracket. The Faraday cage shield is arranged around the wireless transmission module and is grounded. The Faraday cage shield is made of a conductive metal mesh.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the lower end of the fixing plate is provided with a mounting groove for embedding and installing the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric material is fixed in the mounting groove by bonding, the piezoelectric material is a circular piezoelectric ceramic piece, the bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base is open and fixedly provided with a contact pad, a preload spring is provided between the contact pad and the piezoelectric material, and the preload spring is located between the contact pad and the piezoelectric material to maintain a preload force.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the bracket is composed of two staggered N-shaped frames, and a platform is provided at the top of the bracket for limiting the top and fixing the wireless transmission module. A groove is provided at the lower end of the platform for clamping the top of the wireless transmission module, and U-shaped buckles are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the bracket for connecting the wireless transmission module.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, reserved screw holes are provided on the top and sides of the bracket, the bracket is made of aluminum alloy, and the inner side of the Faraday cage shielding cover is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the screw holes and is fixedly connected to the bracket by conductive screws.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the inner bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base is threadedly connected to a fixing shell having an inner step surface, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the step surface of the fixing shell by bolts.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the conductive spring contact piece is an elastic arc-shaped piece or a wave-shaped piece.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the Faraday cage shield is made of a grid-shaped copper mesh, the mesh diameter of the copper mesh used does not exceed 1 mm, and the thickness of the copper mesh is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm. The conductive spring contact piece is also provided between the bottom end of the Faraday cage shield and the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board. The conductive spring contact piece is welded on the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board, and the bottom end of the Faraday cage shield is in squeeze contact with the conductive spring contact piece.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the contact pad is made of copper alloy or stainless steel, and the contact pad is fixed to the bottom opening of the piezoelectric sensitive base by screws, buckles or strong glue.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present application provides a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on transmission towers. By providing a Faraday cage shielding cover on the outside of the wireless transmission module, it can effectively shield external electromagnetic interference, especially in the complex electromagnetic environment of high-voltage transmission lines. The Faraday cage shielding cover is made of a conductive metal mesh and is grounded, which can better realize the electromagnetic shielding function. Through such a structural design, the working stability of the sensor in a high electromagnetic interference environment is significantly improved, thereby ensuring the reliability of data transmission and the integrity of the signal.

[0017] 2. The structural design of the sensor connects the piezoelectric sensitive base to the bottom of the shell, and the signal acquisition circuit board is set above the fixed plate, making the overall structure of the sensor compact and orderly. The wireless transmission module is suspended above the signal acquisition circuit board through a bracket, and the wireless transmission module adopts a detachable installation method. This design not only ensures a compact structure, but also facilitates the replacement and maintenance of the wireless transmission module, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the device.

[0018] 3. The wireless transmission module of the present application is electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board through a conductive spring contact piece. The conductive spring contact piece is welded to the preset solder point of the signal acquisition circuit board. When the wireless transmission module is installed, the electrical contact point at the bottom is squeezed into contact with the conductive spring contact piece. This design not only ensures the stability of the electrical connection, but also can provide continuous pressure to maintain good contact in a vibrating and mobile environment, avoiding poor contact due to mechanical vibration.

[0019] 4. This application incorporates a mounting structure for securing the piezoelectric material within the piezoelectric sensor base, enabling efficient transmission of mechanical vibrations to the piezoelectric material, thereby converting the vibrations into signals. A signal acquisition circuit board is electrically connected to the piezoelectric material, converting the vibrations into electrical signals that are then rapidly transmitted to the wireless transmission module. This optimized structure and layout allows the vibration sensor to accurately and quickly detect loose bolts.

[0020] 5. The wireless transmission module of this application is removably fixed to the interior of the housing via a bracket, facilitating installation and maintenance, reducing repair difficulty and time costs. Furthermore, the bracket is mounted vertically, separating the wireless transmission module from other circuits and reducing internal interference. This design not only facilitates the separate replacement or maintenance of the wireless transmission module but also enhances the sensor's scalability and upgradeability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 An overall schematic diagram of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensitive base provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensitive base provided by an embodiment of the present application from another perspective;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a bracket provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a fixed shell in a piezoelectric sensitive base provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application showing a fixed housing removed from a piezoelectric sensitive base;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application after the fixing plate is removed.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Housing; 2. Piezoelectric sensitive base; 3. Signal acquisition circuit board; 4. Wireless transmission module; 5. Piezoelectric material; 6. Faraday cage shield; 7. Fixing plate; 8. Bracket; 9. Conductive spring contact piece; 10. Mounting slot; 11. Platform; 12. U-shaped buckle; 13. Screw hole; 14. Mounting hole; 15. Fixing shell; 16. Contact pad; 17. Preload spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] See also Figures 1-9 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 An overall schematic diagram of a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensitive base provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensitive base provided by an embodiment of the present application from another perspective; Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a bracket provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a fixed shell in a piezoelectric sensitive base provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application showing a fixed housing removed from a piezoelectric sensitive base; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application after the fixing plate is removed. Figures 1-9 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower, comprising a housing 1, a piezoelectric sensitive base 2, a signal acquisition circuit board 3, a wireless transmission module 4, a battery and a Faraday cage shielding cover 6.

[0034] The piezoelectric sensitive base 2 is connected to the bottom of the housing 1. A piezoelectric material 5 is installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 for transmitting mechanical vibration to the piezoelectric material 5. A fixing plate 7 is provided in the piezoelectric sensitive base 2. The signal acquisition circuit board 3 is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate 7. The piezoelectric sensitive base 2 is provided with a piezoelectric material 5 located below the fixing plate 7. The signal acquisition circuit board 3 is electrically connected to the piezoelectric material 5 installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base 2. The wireless transmission module 4 is spaced above the signal acquisition circuit board 3 and is located in the housing 1 through a bracket 8. The bracket 8 is vertically provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate 7. The wireless transmission module 4 is detachably mounted on the bracket 8 and electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board 3 via a conductive spring contact piece 9. The signal acquisition circuit board 3 is fixedly welded with a conductive spring contact piece 9 via a preset solder point to form an electrical connection. When the wireless transmission module 4 is mounted on the bracket 8, the electrical contact point at the bottom end of the wireless transmission module 4 is squeezed into contact with the conductive spring contact piece 9. The battery is fixed to the inner side wall of the outer shell 1, and the Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is connected to the outside of the bracket 8. The Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is arranged around the wireless transmission module 4 and is grounded. The Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is made of a conductive metal mesh.

[0035] The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to an embodiment of the present application can effectively shield external electromagnetic interference by providing a Faraday cage shielding cover 6 on the outside of the wireless transmission module 4, especially in the complex electromagnetic environment of a high-voltage transmission line. The Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is made of a conductive metal mesh and is grounded, which can better realize the electromagnetic shielding function. Through such a structural design, the working stability of the sensor in a high electromagnetic interference environment is significantly improved, thereby ensuring the reliability of data transmission and the integrity of the signal.

[0036] Moreover, the structural design of the sensor connects the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 to the bottom of the shell 1, and the signal acquisition circuit board 3 is arranged above the fixed plate 7, so that the overall structure of the sensor is compact and orderly. The wireless transmission module 4 is suspended above the signal acquisition circuit board 3 through the bracket 8, and the wireless transmission module 4 adopts a detachable installation method. This design ensures a compact structure while facilitating the replacement and maintenance of the wireless transmission module 4, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the device.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, the wireless transmission module 4 of the present application is electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board 3 through a conductive spring contact piece 9. The conductive spring contact piece 9 is welded to a preset solder point of the signal acquisition circuit board 3. When the wireless transmission module 4 is installed, the electrical contact point at the bottom is squeezed into contact with the conductive spring contact piece 9. This design not only ensures the stability of the electrical connection, but also can provide continuous pressure in a vibration and mobile environment to maintain good contact, thereby avoiding poor contact caused by mechanical vibration.

[0038] Furthermore, the present invention incorporates a mounting structure for securing piezoelectric material 5 within piezoelectric sensing base 2, enabling efficient transmission of mechanical vibrations to piezoelectric material 5, thereby converting vibration signals. A signal acquisition circuit board 3 is electrically connected to piezoelectric material 5, converting vibrations into electrical signals that are then rapidly transmitted to wireless transmission module 4. This optimized structure and layout allows the vibration sensor to accurately and quickly detect loose bolts.

[0039] Furthermore, the wireless transmission module of this embodiment is removably secured to the interior of the housing 1 via a bracket 8, facilitating installation and maintenance, reducing both the difficulty and time required for repairs. Furthermore, the vertical mounting of the bracket 8 separates the wireless transmission module 4 from other circuits, reducing internal interference. This design not only facilitates the separate replacement or maintenance of the wireless transmission module 4 but also enhances the sensor's scalability and upgradeability.

[0040] In some embodiments, the lower end of the fixing plate 7 is provided with a mounting groove 10 for embedding and installing the piezoelectric material 5. The piezoelectric material 5 is fixed in the mounting groove 10 by bonding. The piezoelectric material 5 is a circular piezoelectric ceramic piece. The bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 is open and fixed with a contact pad 16. A preload spring 17 is provided between the contact pad 16 and the piezoelectric material 5. The preload spring 17 is located between the contact pad 16 and the piezoelectric material 5 to maintain a preload force.

[0041] In this embodiment, a mounting groove 10 is provided at the lower end of the fixing plate 7 for inserting and mounting the piezoelectric material 5. During use, the piezoelectric material 5 can be embedded and fixed in the mounting groove 10 at the lower end of the fixing plate 7 and secured by adhesive. This structure prevents the piezoelectric material 5 from shifting or loosening under mechanical vibration, ensuring long-term stability. This fixing method effectively improves the operating reliability of the piezoelectric material 5 in high-frequency and high-intensity vibration environments.

[0042] Since the piezoelectric material 5 is directly embedded and fixed in the mounting groove 10 and is located at the inner bottom of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2, the vibration can be stably transmitted to the piezoelectric material 5 through the contact pad 16 and the preload spring 17, thereby ensuring that the vibration energy is efficiently transmitted to the piezoelectric material 5, reducing the attenuation of the vibration energy, and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the detection.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a preload spring 17 is provided between the piezoelectric material 5 and the contact pad 16. This preload spring provides a continuous preload force, ensuring that the piezoelectric material 5 maintains a good contact distance with the contact pad 16. This structure provides elastic cushioning under vibration and external forces, preventing poor contact or loosening. The preload spring also absorbs some impact forces, extending the service life of the piezoelectric material 5.

[0044] In addition, the contact pad 16 is fixed at the bottom opening of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2, so that the path of vibration transmission from the outside to the inside remains stable and consistent. The contact pad can be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as copper alloy or stainless steel, so that the vibration can be effectively transmitted to the piezoelectric material 5, thereby improving the response speed and efficiency of vibration detection.

[0045] This embodiment uses a circular piezoelectric ceramic disc as the piezoelectric material 5, providing uniform stress distribution. This avoids stress concentration during vibration transmission, ensuring uniform force across the entire piezoelectric material 5 and reducing signal distortion. Furthermore, the circular structure fits more easily into the mounting slot than other shapes, improving the overall stability of the device.

[0046] It can be seen from this that this embodiment optimizes the installation and vibration transmission structure of the piezoelectric material 5 by providing the installation groove 10 and adopting an adhesive fixing method for the piezoelectric material 5, as well as adding a preload spring design between the piezoelectric material 5 and the contact pad 16. This can effectively solve the stability and vibration transmission efficiency problems of the piezoelectric material 5 in a high vibration environment, so that the device can maintain high-efficiency and stable detection performance for a long time in actual applications.

[0047] In some embodiments, the bracket 8 is composed of two n-shaped frames staggered together, and a platform 11 is provided at the top of the bracket 8 for limiting the top and fixing the wireless transmission module 4. A groove is provided at the lower end of the platform 11 for clamping the top of the wireless transmission module 4, and U-shaped buckles 12 for connecting the wireless transmission module 4 are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the bracket 8.

[0048] In this embodiment, bracket 8 utilizes a frame structure composed of two interlaced n-shaped frames, providing sufficient rigidity and strength to support wireless transmission module 4. The n-shaped frame design provides multi-directional support for bracket 8, making wireless transmission module 4 more stable after installation and preventing position shifting or loosening during prolonged use or in environments with strong vibration. This approach is particularly important under high wind loads or vibration conditions on power towers, as it facilitates the continued stable operation of wireless transmission module 4.

[0049] The top of the bracket 8 is provided with a platform 11 for fixing the wireless transmission module 4. The platform 11 not only supports the wireless transmission module 4, but also provides a limiting function through the groove at the lower end to prevent the wireless transmission module 4 from shifting in the vertical direction. This design ensures that the wireless transmission module 4 can be accurately aligned during installation and maintains its fixed state under the action of external force, thereby improving the connection stability between the wireless transmission module 4 and the bracket 8. In addition, U-shaped buckles 12 are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the bracket 8. This structure can provide lateral clamping force to tightly clamp the wireless transmission module 4 in the bracket 8. The U-shaped buckle 12 can provide additional fixing force without affecting the disassembly and assembly of the wireless transmission module 4, preventing the wireless transmission module 4 from loosening or falling off under lateral vibration or impact. This structural design can increase the overall seismic resistance of the sensor, so that the wireless transmission module 4 can operate more stably in harsh working environments.

[0050] In this embodiment, the bracket 8 of the n-type frame structure facilitates the disassembly, assembly and replacement of the wireless transmission module 4. The platform 11 and the U-shaped clip 12 together constitute a detachable mounting structure for the wireless transmission module 4, so that the wireless transmission module 4 can be installed by simple insertion and snap connection without the need for a complicated fixing process. This design greatly simplifies the maintenance and repair work of the sensor, saves time and labor costs, and improves the maintainability and service life of the device. Moreover, this embodiment, through the combined design of the U-shaped clip 12 and the platform 11, can stably connect the wireless transmission module 4 to the bracket 8, avoiding loose contact and electrical connection problems caused by vibration. This stable support and limiting structure enables the wireless transmission module 4 to always maintain reliable electrical contact under harsh external conditions, avoiding signal transmission interruption or data distortion.

[0051] In some embodiments, reserved screw holes 13 are provided on the top and sides of the bracket 8, and the bracket 8 is made of aluminum alloy. The inner side of the Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is provided with mounting holes 14 corresponding to the screw holes 13 and is fixedly connected to the bracket 8 by conductive screws.

[0052] During use, the Faraday cage shield 6 is securely fastened to the bracket 8 via conductive screws, preventing it from shifting or loosening under external conditions such as vibration or wind. Furthermore, the conductive screws securely connect the Faraday cage shield 6 to the bracket 8, ensuring close contact and electrical continuity between the two. This optimizes the grounding of the Faraday cage shield 6 and enhances electromagnetic shielding performance, preventing external electromagnetic interference from entering the sensor.

[0053] Furthermore, this embodiment uses conductive screws to secure the Faraday cage 6 to the bracket 8, facilitating an effective ground connection between the Faraday cage 6 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3. These screws maintain stable electrical contact during connection, thereby enhancing electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and ensuring stable sensor operation even in high-electromagnetic interference environments. This design reduces potential contact resistance between the shield and bracket, ensuring a reliable ground path.

[0054] In some embodiments, the inner bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 is threadedly connected to a fixed shell 15 having an inner stepped surface, and the fixed plate 7 is fixedly connected to the stepped surface of the fixed shell 15 by bolts. Optionally, the stepped surface inside the fixed shell 15 is formed into a structure with a larger opening on the upper stepped surface and a smaller opening on the lower stepped surface, which can provide a larger opening when fixing the fixed plate 7 or the piezoelectric material 5.

[0055] In this embodiment, the fixed shell 15 is connected to the inner bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 by means of threads, providing a stable platform to support the fixed plate 7. This threaded connection method prevents the fixed shell 15 from loosening or displacement under the action of vibration and external force, thereby maintaining the overall stability of the piezoelectric material 5 and its supporting structure. The fixed plate 7 is fixed to the step surface of the fixed shell 15 by bolts, making the installation structure of the entire piezoelectric material 5 more compact and firm, avoiding displacement and unstable signal transmission generated during vibration. Moreover, the combined design of thread connection and bolt fixation enhances the bearing structure of the piezoelectric material 5, enabling it to withstand greater mechanical stress and external impact. This design provides additional mechanical strength in a high-vibration environment, preventing the fixed plate 7 and the piezoelectric material 5 from loosening or being damaged due to long-term use or severe vibration.

[0056] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inner stepped surface of the fixed housing 15 provides a stable support surface for the fixed plate 7, shortening and directly transmitting vibration energy from the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 to the piezoelectric material 5, effectively reducing vibration energy attenuation. This allows the piezoelectric material 5 to accurately sense vibrations during detection and convert them into electrical signals, improving the sensor's response efficiency and detection accuracy.

[0057] Moreover, the present embodiment adopts a combined design of threaded connection and bolt fixing, which makes the disassembly and assembly process of the fixed shell 15 and the fixed plate 7 more convenient. If the piezoelectric material 5 needs to be maintained or replaced, the technician can easily remove the fixed plate 7 and the piezoelectric material 5 by simply loosening the bolts and threaded connection. This design method provides convenience for the maintenance of the device. Furthermore, the combined design of the fixed shell 15 and the fixed plate 7 forms a modular installation structure, which makes the connection between different components clearer and the division of labor more reasonable. The close fit between the fixed plate 7 and the fixed shell 15 enables the piezoelectric material 5 to maintain a good positioning during operation and effectively transmit mechanical vibrations.

[0058] In some embodiments, the conductive spring contact piece 9 is an elastic arc-shaped piece or a wave-shaped piece.

[0059] In this embodiment, a curved or corrugated sheet is used as the conductive spring contact sheet 9, providing continuous elastic pressure between the wireless transmission module 4 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3. This allows the conductive spring contact sheet 9 to automatically adjust its shape to maintain stable electrical contact under varying external vibration or displacement conditions, avoiding the loose contact and poor electrical connection issues that can occur with traditional fixed contact methods. Furthermore, the curved or corrugated design gives the conductive spring contact sheet 9 increased vibration resistance. In high-frequency vibration environments, the conductive spring contact sheet 9 can disperse and absorb some of the vibration energy through its unique structural shape, thereby reducing intermittent poor contact or signal interruption caused by vibration at the electrical contact point. This feature improves the electrical connection stability and data transmission continuity of the sensor during long-term operation. Furthermore, the elastic design of the curved or corrugated sheet allows it to adapt to slight unevenness or displacement of the electrical contact points at the bottom of the wireless transmission module 4 when the wireless transmission module 4 is installed. The conductive spring contact sheet 9 elastically deforms in response to the pressure from the wireless transmission module 4, ensuring close contact at each contact point. This adaptive contact feature improves the connection accuracy between the wireless transmission module 4 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3, reducing poor electrical signal transmission caused by inconsistent contact points. From the perspective of installation and maintenance, the use of curved or wavy sheets as the conductive spring contact sheet 9 is much simpler than traditional rigid conductive sheets, requiring only fixing them to the pre-set solder points on the signal acquisition circuit board 3. When maintenance or replacement is required, the conductive spring contact sheet 9 can also be easily replaced, reducing repair time and costs. Due to its elasticity, good contact can be achieved without excessive adjustment during installation, simplifying the assembly and maintenance process.

[0060] In some embodiments, the Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is made of a grid-shaped copper mesh, the mesh diameter of the copper mesh used does not exceed 1 mm, and the thickness of the copper mesh is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm. A conductive spring contact piece 9 is also provided between the bottom end of the Faraday cage shielding cover 6 and the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board 3. A conductive spring contact piece 9 is welded on the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board 3, and the bottom end of the Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is squeezed and contacted with the conductive spring contact piece 9.

[0061] In this embodiment, optional Faraday cage shielding cover 6 is described. The Faraday cage shielding cover 6 used in this embodiment is made of a mesh-like copper mesh with a mesh diameter of no more than 1 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. It is grounded to the signal acquisition circuit board 3 via a conductive spring contact piece 9. Because copper has excellent electrical conductivity, it helps provide better shielding in high-frequency electromagnetic environments. A mesh diameter of less than 1 mm effectively blocks the penetration of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, ensuring the Faraday cage shielding cover 6's ability to protect the wireless transmission module 4 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3 from electromagnetic interference.

[0062] Moreover, a conductive spring contact piece 9 is provided between the bottom end of the Faraday cage shield 6 and the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board 3, so that the Faraday cage shield 6 forms a reliable electrical ground connection with the signal acquisition circuit board 3. This design provides an efficient grounding path, so that the Faraday cage shield 6 can quickly direct the interference current into the ground terminal when subjected to electromagnetic interference, reducing the electromagnetic interference to the internal electronic components, thereby improving the electromagnetic interference resistance and signal stability of the entire device. At the same time, the use of a grid-like copper mesh as a shielding material not only reduces the weight of the entire device, but also maintains sufficient mechanical strength, which can prevent the Faraday cage shield 6 from deformation or damage due to external forces during use. The thickness selection of 0.2mm-0.5mm can provide sufficient shielding effect without affecting the durability and mechanical strength of the shield, thereby ensuring long-term stable use in complex environments.

[0063] Furthermore, this embodiment employs a conductive spring contact piece 9 between the bottom of the Faraday cage shield 6 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3. This elastic connection ensures consistent and stable ground contact even during vibration and movement. The conductive spring contact piece 9 absorbs and adapts to slight displacement and vibration changes, preventing electrical grounding failures caused by poor contact, thereby ensuring the continued effectiveness of the shielding effect.

[0064] On the other side, a Faraday cage-style shield 6, designed with a mesh-like copper mesh, provides excellent heat dissipation while maintaining electromagnetic shielding. The mesh structure allows air circulation, effectively dissipating heat from the wireless transmission module 4 and signal acquisition circuit board 3, preventing overheating that could affect performance. This design achieves an optimal balance between electromagnetic shielding and device heat dissipation, enhancing the overall operational stability and service life of the device.

[0065] In some embodiments, the contact pad 16 is made of copper alloy or stainless steel, and is fixed to the bottom opening of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 by screws, buckles, or strong glue.

[0066] In this embodiment, the contact pad 16 is made of copper alloy or stainless steel, both of which have good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. The high thermal conductivity of copper alloy and stainless steel can minimize energy loss during vibration transmission, allowing external vibration to be effectively transmitted to the piezoelectric material 5, thereby improving the sensor's sensitivity to vibration signals and detection accuracy. The contact pad 16 is fixed to the bottom opening of the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 by screws, clips or strong glue, providing a variety of installation methods, all of which can ensure that the contact pad 16 remains stable during long-term use and in high-vibration environments, and is not prone to loosening or displacement. In particular, the design of screws and clips gives the contact pad high mechanical strength and durability.

[0067] Moreover, the fixing method of the contact pad 16 enables it to achieve a stable connection on the piezoelectric sensitive base 2, thereby reducing the interference caused by jitter and friction that may occur during the signal transmission process, thereby ensuring the continuity of the vibration signal transmission, reducing signal distortion, and further improving the quality and consistency of the output signal of the piezoelectric material 5.

[0068] Furthermore, copper alloy or stainless steel is used as the material for contact pad 16, both of which have excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, it can be used for long periods of time in harsh outdoor environments without being easily affected by corrosion. Especially in locations such as transmission towers, which are frequently exposed to wind and rain, corrosion-resistant contact pad materials can extend the overall service life of the sensor and reduce the need for frequent maintenance.

[0069] The method and process of using the wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to the embodiment of the present application are as follows:

[0070] 1. Sensor installation

[0071] Mount the sensor at key nodes or bolted connections on the transmission tower to ensure it can detect vibration signals at those locations. Bolts or clamps can be used to securely attach the sensor housing 1 to the tower structure, ensuring it does not shift or loosen under wind loads and vibration. Adjust the piezoelectric sensing base 2 so that the contact pad 16 at its bottom contacts the bolted portion of the tower structure, effectively transmitting vibrations to the piezoelectric material 5 within.

[0072] 2. Sensor startup and signal acquisition

[0073] After installing the batteries, turn on the sensor's power supply, activating the internal signal acquisition circuit board 3. When the tower structure vibrates due to wind, mechanical stress, or other external factors, the vibration is transmitted through contact pads 16 to the piezoelectric material 5 in the piezoelectric sensitive base 2. The piezoelectric material 5 converts the mechanical vibration into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the signal acquisition circuit board 3 via electrode connections.

[0074] 3. Signal processing and transmission

[0075] The signal acquisition circuit board 3 receives the electrical signal and, in practical applications, performs preliminary processing and amplification to ensure signal strength and data integrity. The signal acquisition circuit board 3 can be configured specifically for specific applications. The processed signal is transmitted to the remote monitoring system via a wireless transmission module 4 electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board 3. Conductive spring contacts 9 ensure a stable electrical connection between the wireless transmission module 4 and the signal acquisition circuit board 3, ensuring data transmission remains unaffected even when the sensor is subject to vibration.

[0076] 4. Electromagnetic interference shielding

[0077] A Faraday cage shield 6 surrounds the wireless transmission module 4 and is grounded to the signal acquisition circuit board 3 via conductive spring contacts 9, effectively shielding against external electromagnetic interference. This process ensures stable signal transmission and data integrity, especially in high-electromagnetic-interference environments like those around transmission towers.

[0078] 5. Data Receiving and Analysis

[0079] In practical applications, the wireless transmission module 4 can be used to send data to a monitoring system for further analysis and processing. If an abnormal vibration characteristic is detected, the monitoring system can trigger an alarm to remind maintenance personnel to conduct on-site inspections and maintenance to prevent potential bolt loosening or structural damage.

[0080] 6. Maintenance and replacement

[0081] Regularly inspect the sensor housing 1, Faraday cage 6, bracket 8, and contact pads 16 to ensure they are not loose, damaged, or corroded. If necessary, remove the Faraday cage 6 and wireless transmission module 4 to check the electrical connections and the condition of the conductive spring contacts 9.

[0082] If the sensor detection performance deteriorates, the optimal detection state can be restored by opening the piezoelectric sensitive base 2 and the fixing plate 7, replacing the internal piezoelectric material 5, and re-fixing and adjusting the contact pad 16 and the preload spring 17.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower, characterized in that: It includes a housing (1), a piezoelectric sensitive base (2), a signal acquisition circuit board (3), a wireless transmission module (4), a battery and a Faraday cage shield (6); The piezoelectric sensitive base (2) is connected to the bottom position of the housing (1), a piezoelectric material (5) is installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base (2) for transmitting mechanical vibration to the piezoelectric material (5), a fixing plate (7) is provided in the piezoelectric sensitive base (2), the signal acquisition circuit board (3) is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate (7), the piezoelectric material (5) located below the fixing plate (7) is provided in the inner lower part of the piezoelectric sensitive base (2), and the signal acquisition circuit board (3) is electrically connected to the piezoelectric material (5) installed in the piezoelectric sensitive base (2); the wireless transmission module (4) is arranged above the signal acquisition circuit board (3) through a bracket (8) and is located in the housing (1), and the bracket (8) is vertically provided on the fixing plate (7). ), the wireless transmission module (4) is detachably arranged on the bracket (8) and is electrically connected to the signal acquisition circuit board (3) through a conductive spring contact piece (9), the conductive spring contact piece (9) is fixedly welded to the signal acquisition circuit board (3) through a preset welding point and forms an electrical connection, and when the wireless transmission module (4) is installed on the bracket (8), the electrical contact point at the bottom end of the wireless transmission module (4) is squeezed and contacted with the conductive spring contact piece (9); the battery is fixed on the inner side wall of the housing (1), the Faraday cage shield (6) is connected to the outside of the bracket (8), the Faraday cage shield (6) is arranged around the wireless transmission module (4) and is grounded, and the Faraday cage shield (6) is made of a conductive metal mesh.

2. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the fixing plate (7) is provided with a mounting groove (10) for embedding and installing the piezoelectric material (5), and the piezoelectric material (5) is fixed to the mounting groove (10) by bonding. The piezoelectric material (5) is a circular piezoelectric ceramic piece. The bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base (2) is open and fixedly provided with a contact pad (16). A preload spring (17) is provided between the contact pad (16) and the piezoelectric material (5). The preload spring (17) is located between the contact pad (16) and the piezoelectric material (5) to maintain a preload force.

3. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bracket (8) is composed of two staggered n-shaped frames. The top of the bracket (8) is provided with a platform (11) for limiting the top and fixing the wireless transmission module (4). The lower end of the platform (11) is provided with a groove for clamping the top of the wireless transmission module (4). The left and right sides of the inner side of the bracket (8) are provided with U-shaped buckles (12) for connecting to the wireless transmission module (4).

4. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top and side of the bracket (8) are provided with reserved screw holes (13). The bracket (8) is made of aluminum alloy. The inner side of the Faraday cage shielding cover (6) is provided with mounting holes (14) corresponding to the screw holes (13) and is fixedly connected to the bracket (8) by conductive screws.

5. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bottom end of the piezoelectric sensitive base (2) is threadedly connected to a fixed shell (15) having an inner step surface, and the fixed plate (7) is fixedly connected to the step surface of the fixed shell (15) by bolts.

6. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive spring contact piece (9) is an elastic arc-shaped piece or a wave-shaped piece.

7. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Faraday cage shield (6) is made of a mesh-shaped copper mesh, the mesh diameter of the copper mesh used does not exceed 1 mm, and the thickness of the copper mesh is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm. The conductive spring contact piece (9) is also provided between the bottom end of the Faraday cage shield (6) and the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board (3). The conductive spring contact piece (9) is welded to the ground connection point on the signal acquisition circuit board (3), and the bottom end of the Faraday cage shield (6) is squeezed and contacted with the conductive spring contact piece (9).

8. The wireless vibration sensor for detecting loose bolts on a transmission tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: The contact pad (16) is made of copper alloy or stainless steel, and is fixed to the bottom opening of the piezoelectric sensitive base (2) by means of screws, buckles or strong glue.

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