Photovoltaic / photo-thermal laminated solar cell and photovoltaic / photo-thermal coupling device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic / photo-thermal laminated solar cell and a photovoltaic / photo-thermal coupling device, which comprise a packaging layer, a first transparent electrode, a light absorption layer, a second transparent electrode, glass, a reflecting coating, a bearing bottom layer, an anti-rust paint layer and a high anti-ultraviolet acrylic acid layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a second anti-reflection layer is also arranged between the second transparent electrode and the glass. According to the photovoltaic / photo-thermal laminated solar cell, the absorption complementarity of the photovoltaic cell and the photo-thermal collector to different solar spectrum bands is utilized, so that secondary absorption of sunlight by the photovoltaic cell can be realized, light with long wavelength can be completely reflected, the purpose of fully utilizing the solar spectrum is achieved, and the service life of the photovoltaic / photo-thermal laminated solar cell is prolonged. And higher energy conversion efficiency is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic / photothermal stacked solar cell and a photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device. Background Art

[0002] With the profound transformation of the global energy structure and the booming development of renewable energy, solar energy, as a clean, renewable energy source, is playing an increasingly prominent role in achieving sustainable development goals. Among the various ways to utilize solar energy, photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation technologies, with their unique advantages, have become a hot topic of research.

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation technology is renowned for its efficient energy conversion capabilities. After decades of development, photovoltaic cells have evolved into the third generation of novel thin-film cells. Among them, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, as a new type of photovoltaic device that combines power generation and light transmission, have shown tremendous application potential. The typical band gap of these cells ranges from 1.65 to 2.30 eV. By carefully controlling the thickness and band gap of the photovoltaic material, they can efficiently absorb short-wavelength ultraviolet light and some visible light (wavelengths of approximately 300-750 nm) from sunlight, while allowing high-energy long-wavelength infrared light (wavelengths greater than 750 nm) to pass through. With continuous advancements in materials and fabrication processes, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells has successfully exceeded 18%. Although this efficiency is still slightly lower than that of opaque photovoltaic cells, this is mainly because semi-transparent photovoltaic cells sacrifice some visible light absorption in order to maintain high transmittance. However, by adding a mirror-reflective structure to the bottom of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell to achieve secondary light absorption, its energy conversion efficiency can be effectively improved.

[0004] Unlike photovoltaic power generation technology, CSP technology primarily focuses on a portion of visible light and long-wavelength infrared light (wavelengths ranging from approximately 700nm to tens of microns) in the solar spectrum. By efficiently capturing and utilizing infrared radiation for thermal energy conversion, it achieves efficient utilization of broad-spectrum solar energy. However, the heat-collecting materials used in CSP plants primarily absorb light in the high-energy, long-wavelength infrared band, with extremely low utilization rates for ultraviolet and visible light. This results in relatively low energy conversion efficiency and high costs for CSP plants, limiting the large-scale commercial application of CSP cells.

[0005] In view of the significant complementarity between semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and photothermal cells in the utilization of solar spectrum bands, the present invention proposes an innovative photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell structure, which aims to integrate semi-transparent photovoltaic cells with the flat reflectors of photothermal solar cells by optimizing the structural design. The core advantage of this tandem structure is that it can fully and efficiently utilize the solar spectrum to achieve higher energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, the structure organically combines photovoltaic and photothermal technologies, providing a new solution for efficient solar power generation. The deployment of this innovative solar cell in a photothermal power station will significantly improve the overall power generation efficiency of the system, reduce operating costs, and achieve a deep integration of photovoltaic and photothermal technologies, thereby further promoting the widespread application and sustainable development of clean energy. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell that achieves secondary absorption of sunlight by the photovoltaic cell and fully reflects long-wavelength light, thereby fully utilizing the solar spectrum and achieving higher energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this tandem solar cell can be used in photothermal power plants.

[0007] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell, comprising an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, a light absorbing layer, a second transparent electrode, glass, a reflective coating, and an anti-rust paint layer, which are arranged in order from top to bottom.

[0008] Wherein, a second anti-reflection layer is further provided between the second transparent electrode and the glass.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, it further comprises a bearing bottom layer, wherein the bearing bottom layer is arranged between the reflective coating layer and the anti-rust paint layer.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, a highly UV-resistant acrylic layer is further included, and the highly UV-resistant acrylic layer is arranged on a layer of the anti-rust paint layer away from the load-bearing bottom layer.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the second anti-reflection layer includes a high refractive index layer and / or a low refractive index layer.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the high refractive index layer includes any one or more of titanium dioxide and silicon nitride;

[0013] The material of the low refractive index layer includes any one or more of silicon dioxide and magnesium fluoride.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, a first anti-reflection layer is further provided between the encapsulation layer and the first transparent electrode.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the glass includes float glass, ultra-clear glass, low-iron glass, high-strength tempered glass, etc., and the glass includes any one of flat glass and pyramid-shaped glass.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in the pyramid-shaped glass, the interval between adjacent pyramids is 0-20 mm.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, it also includes an electron transport layer and / or a hole transport layer.

[0018] Wherein, the electron transport layer is provided between the first transparent electrode and the light absorbing layer,

[0019] The hole transport layer is disposed between the light absorbing layer and the second transparent electrode.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, one or more interface modification layers are further included, wherein the interface modification layer is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the electron transport layer, and / or between the electron transport layer and the light absorption layer, and / or between the light absorption layer and the hole transport layer, and / or between the hole transport layer and the second transparent electrode.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interface modification layer includes a first interface modification layer, a second interface modification layer, a third interface modification layer and a fourth interface modification layer.

[0022] Among them, the first interface modification layer is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the electron transport layer, the second interface modification layer is arranged between the electron transport layer and the light absorption layer, the third interface modification layer is arranged between the light absorption layer and the hole transport layer, and the fourth interface modification layer is arranged between the hole transport layer and the second transparent electrode.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the anti-rust paint layer includes one or more of a primer, a mid-coat, and a topcoat. Specifically, the anti-rust paint layer includes a first anti-rust paint layer and a second anti-rust paint layer, wherein the first anti-rust paint layer and the second anti-rust paint layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the load-bearing bottom layer and the high UV resistance acrylic layer.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention also discloses a photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device including the above-mentioned photovoltaic / photothermal stacked solar cell, which should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device here includes a tower-type solar thermal power station, a monitor-type solar thermal power station, and a plate-type solar thermal power station. Specifically, in the photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device, the photovoltaic cell absorbs visible light and ultraviolet light, and the glass and reflective coating reflect infrared light into the collector of the photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device. At the same time, the glass and reflective coating can reflect the unabsorbed visible light and ultraviolet light back to the photovoltaic cell for secondary absorption, thereby fully utilizing the solar spectrum and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic and photothermal systems.

[0025] The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the present invention comprises, arranged in order from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, a light-absorbing layer, a second transparent electrode, glass, a reflective coating, and an anti-rust paint layer. A second anti-reflection layer is also provided between the second transparent electrode and the glass. The photovoltaic cell, comprised of the first transparent electrode, the light-absorbing layer, the second transparent electrode, and the glass, absorbs visible and ultraviolet light. The glass and reflective coating reflect unabsorbed visible and ultraviolet light back to the photovoltaic cell, resulting in secondary absorption. The glass and reflective coating also reflect infrared light toward the collector of the solar thermal power station. Finally, a second anti-reflection layer is provided between the second transparent electrode and the glass to further enhance the transmittance of infrared light and the reflectance of ultraviolet and visible light. Therefore, compared to single photovoltaic or solar thermal technologies, this photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell not only achieves secondary absorption of sunlight by the photovoltaic cell, but also fully reflects long-wavelength light, fully utilizing the solar spectrum and achieving higher energy conversion efficiency. Because semi-transparent photovoltaic cells primarily absorb ultraviolet and visible light in the 300-700nm range, while solar thermal cells absorb infrared light above 700nm, the photovoltaic / solar thermal tandem solar cell of this utility model can achieve 95% spectral utilization. Experimental data shows that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of traditional semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is approximately 15%-18%, while the total photoelectric and thermal conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic / solar thermal tandem solar cell of this utility model can be increased to over 28%-35%.

[0027] 2. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this utility model effectively combines the low material cost advantage of photovoltaic cells with the high temperature power generation characteristics of photothermal cells, which reduces the cost of electricity of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell by about 15%-25%. In addition, the design of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell structure improves the energy output density per unit area, and the energy utilization rate can be increased to about 300W-400W per square meter, which is suitable for large-scale application. The photothermal system can be used in areas with high radiation intensity (such as direct sunlight exceeding 2000W / m 2 area) to improve conversion efficiency and further reduce operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the preferred reflector in the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second anti-reflection layer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the tower-type photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the plate-type photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a two-dimensional side view schematic diagram of the plate-type photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 10 is the light transmittance of different pyramid spacings at wavelengths of 400nm-750nm;

[0039] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the pyramid interval. Description of the drawings:

[0041] 1: Encapsulation layer;

[0042] 2: Semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0043] 201: first antireflection layer; 202: first transparent electrode; 203: first interface modification layer; 204: electron transport layer; 205: second interface modification layer; 206: light absorption layer; 207: third interface modification layer; 208: hole transport layer; 209: fourth interface modification layer; 210: second transparent electrode; 211: second antireflection layer; 212: reflective coating; 213: carrier bottom layer; 214: first antirust paint layer; 215: second antirust paint layer; 216: high UV resistance acrylic layer; 217: high refractive index layer; 218: low refractive index layer;

[0044] 3: Glass;

[0045] 301: Pyramid glass

[0046] 4: Collector; 5: Sunlight; 6: Infrared light; 7: Tracking system; 8: Bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular also includes the plural. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this embodiment includes an encapsulation layer 1, a first transparent electrode 202, a light absorbing layer 206, a second transparent electrode 210, a glass 3, a reflective coating 212 and an anti-rust paint layer, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, wherein a second anti-reflection layer 211 is further provided between the second transparent electrode 210 and the glass 3.

[0052] In the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this embodiment, encapsulation layer 1 is an important component of the photovoltaic cell. It is located at the top layer and mainly serves to protect the internal structure and components. Specifically, encapsulation layer 1 can effectively prevent moisture, dust, and other pollutants from the external environment from entering the photovoltaic cell, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell. At the same time, it can also provide a certain degree of mechanical support to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic cell during installation and use. The material of encapsulation layer 1 includes any one or more of polyimide, polyethylene, and fluoropolymer, and its thickness is 1-10μm.

[0053] The first transparent electrode 202 is typically made of a material with high light transmittance and high electrical conductivity, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or zinc oxide (ZnO). The first transparent electrode 202 allows light to penetrate and reach the light-absorbing layer 206, while also providing an electron channel to quickly transport electrons generated by light excitation into the circuit. Furthermore, it reflects some light, increasing the photocurrent density and thus improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The material of the first transparent electrode 202 can include any one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide, and tin oxide, and its thickness ranges from 50 nm to 300 nm.

[0054] Since the first transparent electrode 202 has the function of providing an electron channel to quickly transport electrons generated by light excitation to the circuit, in actual use, the first transparent electrode 202 and the electron transport layer 204 can be used separately or in combination.

[0055] The light absorption layer 206 is the core component of the photovoltaic cell, directly receiving sunlight and generating electricity. Specifically, the light absorption layer 206 absorbs photon energy and excites electrons to transition from the valence band to the conduction band, generating a photocurrent. The choice of material and thickness significantly influence the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. In this embodiment, the light absorption layer 206 material has a band gap of 1.70 eV to 2.30 eV, primarily absorbing ultraviolet and visible light, and a thickness of 300 nm to 700 nm.

[0056] The present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the material of the light absorbing layer 206. For example, perovskite-type organometallic halide semiconductors commonly used in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells, organic conjugated molecules commonly used in semi-transparent organic solar cells, quantum dots commonly used in semi-transparent quantum dot solar cells, and semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cells can also be used. The choice of material for the light absorbing layer 206 enables the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to achieve a high photoelectric conversion efficiency while maintaining a certain degree of light transmittance, thereby broadening the application areas of photovoltaic technology.

[0057] Similar to the first transparent electrode 202, the second transparent electrode 210 provides a hole channel and collects photocurrent. The second transparent electrode 210 ensures that photogenerated holes are smoothly transported to the circuit, forming a closed loop with the external circuit to generate electrical energy. The second transparent electrode 210 is made of one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, or zinc oxide, and has a thickness of 80-150 nm.

[0058] Similarly, since the second transparent electrode 210 has the functions of providing a hole channel and collecting photocurrent, in actual use, the second transparent electrode 210 and the hole transport layer 208 can be used separately or in combination.

[0059] Using glass 3 as the substrate for the photovoltaic cell not only effectively increases the secondary absorption of visible and infrared light that the photovoltaic cell fails to fully absorb, thereby improving the photovoltaic cell's adhesion to the reflector, but also increases the absorption rate of visible light within the light-absorbing layer 206, thereby reducing the transmittance of visible light in the photovoltaic cell and thus improving the photovoltaic cell's energy conversion efficiency. Under standard testing conditions, the conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 in this embodiment can be increased from 15% in the prior art to 22%.

[0060] The glass 3 in this embodiment includes float glass, ultra-clear glass, low-iron glass, high-strength tempered glass, etc.

[0061] A reflective coating 212 is provided on the lower surface of the glass 3 to further enhance light reflection. This coating 212 reflects more light back toward the light-absorbing layer 206, thereby improving light utilization and the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. In this embodiment, the reflective coating 212 is made of any one or more high-reflectivity materials such as silver, aluminum, copper, gold, chromium, dielectric multilayer films, photonic crystals, and nanostructured films. Its thickness is preferably 50-300 nm.

[0062] The photovoltaic / photothermal laminated solar cell of this embodiment also includes a supporting bottom layer 213 and a highly UV-resistant acrylic layer 216, wherein the supporting bottom layer 213 is the supporting structure of the photovoltaic cell, which is used to fix and support the other layers, and ensures the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic cell during installation and use. Specifically, the material of the supporting bottom layer 213 is a polymer substrate or reinforced glass fiber. The anti-rust paint layer is coated on the lower surface of the supporting bottom layer 213 to prevent the supporting bottom layer 213 from rusting and corroding, which can extend the service life of the photovoltaic cell and improve its durability. The highly UV-resistant acrylic layer 216 is located at the bottom layer, which is used to prevent ultraviolet rays in the external environment from damaging the photovoltaic cell, extending its service life, and it can effectively absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays. Its thickness is preferably 10-20 μm.

[0063] Finally, the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell in this embodiment is further provided with a second anti-reflection layer 211 between the second transparent electrode 210 and the glass 3 to further enhance the transmittance of infrared light and the reflectivity of ultraviolet light and visible light.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second anti-reflection layer 211 can be a single-functional layer or a double-functional layer. The material of the single-functional second anti-reflection layer 211 mainly includes any one of silicon dioxide and magnesium fluoride, and its thickness is 90-150nm. The double-functional second anti-reflection layer 211 mainly includes a high-refractive index layer 217 and a low-refractive index layer 218. The material of the high-refractive index layer 217 mainly includes any one of titanium dioxide and silicon nitride, and its thickness is 250-500nm. The material of the low-refractive index layer 218 mainly includes any one of silicon dioxide and magnesium fluoride, and its thickness is 85-185nm. The provision of the double-functional second anti-reflection layer 211 helps to utilize the optical interference effect between the high-refractive index layer 217 and the low-refractive index layer 218 to enhance the transmission or reflection of light in specific wavelength bands, thereby precisely controlling the transmission of light in the ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared bands. Specifically, the setting of the dual-functional layer second transmittance-enhancing layer 211 in this embodiment can not only enhance the transmittance of infrared light, but also enhance the reflectivity of ultraviolet light and visible light, so that ultraviolet light and visible light can be fully absorbed by the upper light absorption layer 206, and reduce the damage of ultraviolet light to the lower light-heat reflecting mirror glass 3, and make the infrared light be reflected as much as possible.

[0065] The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell in this embodiment combines an encapsulation layer 1, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, and a photothermal solar cell. This utilizes the complementary absorption characteristics of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal collector across different wavelengths of the solar spectrum to fully utilize sunlight energy, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of the limited efficiency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the limited energy utilization of the photothermal cell. Therefore, this novel photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell structure not only improves photoelectric conversion efficiency but also organically integrates photovoltaic and photothermal technologies, enabling more efficient use of solar energy.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this embodiment includes, arranged in order from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer 1, a first transparent electrode 202, an electron transport layer 204, a light absorption layer 206, a hole transport layer 208, a second transparent electrode 210, a second anti-reflection layer 211, glass 3, a reflective coating 212, a supporting bottom layer 213, a first anti-rust paint layer 214, a second anti-rust paint layer 215 and a high-UV resistance acrylic layer 216.

[0068] An electron transport layer 204 is added between the first transparent electrode 202 and the light absorbing layer 206. The electron transport layer 204 has the characteristics of high electron mobility, which helps to reduce the loss of electrons during the transmission process, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery; a hole transport layer 208 is added between the light absorbing layer 206 and the second transparent electrode 210. The hole transport layer 208 is similar to the electron transport layer 204 and has the characteristics of high mobility, which can ensure the high efficiency and low loss of holes during the transmission process. Therefore, the arrangement of the electron transport layer 204 and the hole transport layer 208 can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell by efficiently collecting and transmitting electrons and holes, reducing the recombination and loss of carriers. In addition, these transport layers also help protect the light absorbing layer 206 from the influence of the external environment, such as humidity, oxygen and temperature fluctuations, thereby enhancing the long-term stability and reliability of the battery. Finally, in the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell, the presence of the electron transport layer 204 and the hole transport layer 208 makes the cell structure more optimized, which is conducive to the realization of the stacking combination of materials with different energy gaps, thereby further improving the spectral response range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0069] Among them, the material of the electron transport layer 204 includes any one or more of fullerene and its derivatives, zinc oxide and zirconium dioxide, and its thickness is 30-100 nm; the material of the hole transport layer 208 includes any one or more of nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, porphyrin self-assembled monolayer, PTAA, two-dimensional graphene and graphene oxide, and its thickness is 20-100 nm.

[0070] In this embodiment, the anti-rust paint layer specifically includes a first anti-rust paint layer 214 and a second anti-rust paint layer 215. The two anti-rust paint layers can effectively protect the load-bearing base layer 213 from erosion by ultraviolet rays and environmental factors. The thickness of the first anti-rust paint layer 214 is 5 μm-20 μm, and the thickness of the second anti-rust paint layer 215 is 5 μm-15 μm.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this embodiment includes, arranged in order from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer 1, a first anti-reflection layer 201, a first transparent electrode 202, a first interface modification layer 203, an electron transport layer 204, a second interface modification layer 205, a light absorption layer 206, a third interface modification layer 207, a hole transport layer 208, a fourth interface modification layer 209, a second transparent electrode 210, a second anti-reflection layer 211, glass 3, a reflective coating 212, a supporting bottom layer 213, a first anti-rust paint layer 214, a second anti-rust paint layer 215 and a high UV resistance acrylic layer 216.

[0073] This embodiment adds a first anti-reflection layer 201 and a first interface modification layer 203 , a second interface modification layer 205 , a third interface modification layer 207 and a fourth interface modification layer 209 on the basis of embodiment 2.

[0074] Among them, the first anti-reflection layer 201 is arranged between the encapsulation layer 1 and the first transparent electrode 202, which can effectively improve the transmittance of sunlight, reduce the reflection loss of light, and thus improve the light absorption efficiency. Specifically, the material of the first anti-reflection layer 201 includes any one or more of silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride, and its thickness is 3nm-10nm.

[0075] The first interface modification layer 203 is disposed between the first transparent electrode 202 and the electron transport layer 204 and is primarily used to improve interface matching, promote charge transfer, and reduce interface defects, thereby enhancing the optoelectronic performance of the device. The material of the first interface modification layer 203 includes any one or more of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, and has a thickness of 5 nm to 10 nm.

[0076] Second interface modification layer 205 is disposed between electron transport layer 204 and light absorption layer 206 and is primarily used to optimize electron transport, reduce interface defects and charge recombination, and thus improve energy conversion efficiency. The material of second interface modification layer 205 includes any one or more of titanium nitride, zinc oxide, and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-amino acid ester, and its thickness ranges from 20 nm to 50 nm.

[0077] The third interface modification layer 207 is disposed between the light absorption layer 206 and the hole transport layer 208 and is primarily used to improve interfacial charge transport, reduce charge recombination, and increase energy conversion efficiency. The material of the third interface modification layer 207 includes one or more of barium titanate, zinc oxide, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate, and has a thickness of 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0078] The fourth interface modification layer 209 is disposed between the hole transport layer 208 and the second transparent electrode 210. It is primarily used to optimize interfacial contact, reduce charge recombination losses, improve hole extraction efficiency, and protect underlying materials. The material of the fourth interface modification layer 209 includes one or more of molybdenum oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate, and graphene oxide, and has a thickness of 2-10 nm.

[0079] On the basis of the above technical solution, further preferably, the glass 3 includes any one of flat glass and pyramid-shaped glass 301, wherein in the pyramid-shaped glass 301, the interval between adjacent pyramids is 0-20 mm, and preferably 0-5 mm.

[0080] When the perovskite film is prepared on the flat glass 3, the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 400nm-750nm is 13.5%; when it is prepared on the pyramid-shaped glass 301 (the interval between the pyramids is 5mm, Figure 11 ), the transmittance is 6.9%, which reduces the visible light transmittance compared to the flat glass and increases the visible light absorption rate in the light absorption layer 206, indicating that the pyramid structure has the function of increasing visible light reflection; when the interval between the pyramids is reduced from 5mm to 0mm, the transmittance is further reduced to 4.7%, and its visible light reflection effect is the best (the results are shown in the figure). Figure 10 As shown in Table 1). Therefore, when the glass 3 is a pyramid-shaped glass 301, it can not only improve the adhesion of the photovoltaic cell to the reflector, but also increase the absorption rate of visible light inside the light absorption layer 206, that is, reduce the transmittance of visible light in the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] Example 4

[0084] like Figure 7-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a tower-type solar thermal power station and a tower-type solar thermal power station including the most preferred photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell described above.

[0085] When sunlight 5 strikes the photovoltaic / thermal tandem solar cell, it absorbs short-wavelength ultraviolet and visible light. The transmitted portion of the short-wavelength ultraviolet and visible light, along with all the long-wavelength infrared light 6, is reflected by the pyramidal glass 301 and passes through the photovoltaic cell again. This secondary absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by the photovoltaic cell further improves its efficiency. The infrared light 6 is then reflected by the collector 4 of the solar thermal power station and absorbed for further thermoelectric conversion. Furthermore, the solar tracking system 7 on the bracket 8 adjusts its rotation angle to ensure that sunlight 5 strikes the photovoltaic / thermal tandem solar cell at the optimal angle.

[0086] Studies have shown that applying the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell of this utility model to tower-type and plate-type solar thermal power stations can reduce the overall system's electricity cost by about 15%-25%. In addition, the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell structure design of this utility model also improves the energy output density per unit area, and the energy utilization rate can be increased to about 300W-400W per square meter, which is suitable for large-scale applications. Moreover, the solar thermal system is more efficient in areas with high radiation intensity (such as direct sunlight exceeding 2000W / m 2 The use of this system in the region can further improve the efficiency of photothermal conversion and reduce operating costs.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises an encapsulation layer (1), a first transparent electrode (202), a light absorbing layer, a second transparent electrode (210), glass (3), a reflective coating (212) and an anti-rust paint layer, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A second anti-reflection layer (211) is further provided between the second transparent electrode (210) and the glass (3); The second anti-reflection layer (211) includes a high refractive index layer (217) and / or a low refractive index layer (218); The material of the high refractive index layer (217) includes any one of titanium dioxide and silicon nitride; The material of the low refractive index layer (218) includes any one of silicon dioxide and magnesium fluoride; The glass (3) and the reflective coating (212) are used to reflect unabsorbed visible light and ultraviolet light back to the photovoltaic cell to form secondary absorption, and at the same time, the glass (3) and the reflective coating (212) are used to reflect infrared light into the collector of the solar thermal power station; the second anti-reflection layer (211) is used to enhance the transmittance of infrared light and the reflectance of ultraviolet light and visible light.

2. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a bearing bottom layer (213), which is arranged between the reflective coating layer (212) and the anti-rust paint layer.

3. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a high-UV-resistant acrylic layer (216), which is arranged on a layer of the anti-rust paint layer away from the bearing bottom layer (213).

4. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first anti-reflection layer (201) is further provided between the encapsulation layer (1) and the first transparent electrode (202).

5. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass (3) comprises any one of flat glass and pyramid-shaped glass (301), wherein the interval between adjacent pyramids in the pyramid-shaped glass (301) is 0-20 mm.

6. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes an electron transport layer (204) and / or a hole transport layer (208), The electron transport layer (204) is provided between the first transparent electrode (202) and the light absorbing layer (206). The hole transport layer (208) is disposed between the light absorbing layer (206) and the second transparent electrode (210).

7. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The invention also includes one or more interface modification layers, wherein the interface modification layers are arranged between the first transparent electrode (202) and the electron transport layer (204), and / or between the electron transport layer (204) and the light absorption layer (206), and / or between the light absorption layer (206) and the hole transport layer (208), and / or between the hole transport layer (208) and the second transparent electrode (210).

8. The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-rust paint layer comprises a first anti-rust paint layer (214) and a second anti-rust paint layer (215), wherein the first anti-rust paint layer (214) and the second anti-rust paint layer (215) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom between the bearing bottom layer (213) and the high UV resistance acrylic layer (216).

9. A photovoltaic / photothermal coupling device, characterized in that: The photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell comprises the photovoltaic / photothermal tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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