Large-current automatic alternate charging balance power supply maintenance instrument for battery module

Abstract

The utility model relates to a large-current automatic alternate charging balance power supply maintenance instrument for a battery module, which is used for charging a plurality of battery cells connected in series of the battery module, and comprises a relay control module, a plurality of charging modules, a plurality of charging modules, a plurality of charging modules, a plurality of charging modules and a plurality of charging modules, and the relay control module is provided with a plurality of relays respectively and electrically connected with the plurality of battery cells of the battery module; the charger is electrically connected with the relay control module and is used for inputting current into each battery cell of the battery module one by one through the relay control module for charging; and the battery management system is used for detecting a voltage signal of each battery cell of the battery module and controlling the power-on state of the plurality of relays according to the plurality of voltage signals. According to the utility model, the battery cells of the battery module can be balanced one by one in a large current output mode, so that the purpose of accurate charging is achieved, and the problem of overcharge is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a charging device for a battery module, and in particular to a high-current automatic rotation charging, balancing and power replenishment maintenance device for the battery module, which charges each cell of the battery module with a high current in turn. Background Art

[0002] With rising environmental awareness and technological advancements, the power of automobiles has been gradually shifting from traditional gasoline-powered vehicles to hybrid or pure electric vehicles in recent years. While electric vehicles can address the fuel consumption and pollution issues of traditional gasoline vehicles, to power the entire vehicle, especially large vehicles such as buses, the battery packs typically need to be designed to be relatively large, weighing hundreds of kilograms or even thousands of kilograms. These batteries are not easily handled by human labor or simple handling equipment, typically requiring cranes or forklifts for loading, unloading, or transport. Therefore, charging electric buses is relatively cumbersome, typically requiring the battery packs to be removed and placed in an energy storage cabinet or battery box for charging.

[0003] Currently, the battery packs of electric buses primarily charge all cells simultaneously through a main charger. However, because each cell in the battery pack has different remaining capacity and internal resistance, some cells charge faster during simultaneous charging, causing some to reach their charge limit first and stop charging. While the remaining cells are not yet fully charged, they need to be recharged with a lower current output. This takes longer and reduces charging efficiency. Alternatively, relying solely on the main charger to fully charge all cells can cause some cells to overcharge or overheat, leading to burnout.

[0004] On the other hand, conventional bus battery packs require simultaneous detection of each cell's voltage reaching a predetermined level during charging. Therefore, in addition to the two thicker wires connecting the positive and negative poles, a thinner wire for voltage measurement is required, creating a two-point, three-wire connection. However, this three-wire connection from the charging device to the battery cells inevitably leads to cable losses and voltage differences during charging.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a new type of battery charging system that can overcome the aforementioned problems has become one of the urgent issues that practitioners and researchers in the relevant fields need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0006] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a high-current automatic rotation charging and balancing maintenance device for battery modules, which can use the output form of high current to balance and charge the cells of the battery module one by one, thereby achieving the purpose of accurate charging and avoiding overcharging problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the utility model, the utility model discloses a large-current automatic rotation charging, balancing, and power-replenishing maintenance device for a battery module, which is used to charge N battery cells of a battery module, and a plurality of the battery cells are connected in series with each other, wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the large-current automatic rotation charging, balancing, and power-replenishing maintenance device includes: a relay control module, having a plurality of relays electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells of the battery module, so that the positive pole and the negative pole of each battery cell are electrically connected to two of the relays respectively; wherein each of the relays can be controlled to switch between a power-on state and a non-power-on state; a charger, electrically connected to the relay control module, for inputting a large current into each battery cell of the battery module one by one through the relay control module for charging; and a battery management system, electrically connected to the charger, the relay control module and the battery module, having a relay An electrical control unit; the relay control unit is electrically connected to the plurality of relays of the relay control module, and is used to control the plurality of relays to switch between the energized state and the de-energized state according to a voltage signal of each battery cell transmitted by the battery module; wherein, when the voltage of at least one battery cell in the battery module is lower than a saturation voltage value, the battery management system controls the two relays corresponding to one of the battery cells with insufficient voltage to switch to the energized state, and the remaining relays to switch to the de-energized state, so that the current output by the charger can only be charged into the battery cell through the two relays; after the battery cell reaches the saturation voltage value, the battery management system controls the two relays to switch to the de-energized state to stop charging the first battery cell; the battery management system performs the same action on each battery cell with insufficient voltage one by one until the voltage of each battery cell reaches the saturation voltage value.

[0008] In one embodiment, the number of the plurality of relays of the relay control module is 2N.

[0009] In one embodiment, the relay control module includes an input relay group and an output relay group; the input relay group includes a portion of the plurality of relays, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive pole of the charger, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative poles of the plurality of battery cells, so as to control the current flowing from the positive pole of the charger to the negative poles of the plurality of battery cells; the output relay group includes another portion of the plurality of relays, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive pole of the plurality of battery cells, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative pole of the charger, so as to control the current flowing from the positive pole of the plurality of battery cells to the negative pole of the charger.

[0010] In one embodiment, the number of the plurality of relays in the input relay group and the number of the plurality of relays in the output relay group are both N.

[0011] In one embodiment, the battery module further includes a charging socket; the charging socket has N+1 electrical contacts, which are electrically connected to at least one of the positive and negative poles of the plurality of battery cells through N+1 charging lines; the relay control module further includes a charging plug; the charging plug has N+1 contacts, one end of which is electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of relays, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the plurality of electrical contacts of the charging socket in a detachable manner.

[0012] In one embodiment, one of the charging cables is connected to the positive pole on one side of a combination of N battery cells, another charging cable is connected to the negative pole on the other side of the combination of N battery cells, and the remaining N-1 charging cables are respectively connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of two adjacent battery cells in the combination of N battery cells.

[0013] In one embodiment, two of the contacts are electrically connected to only one of the relays, and the remaining contacts are electrically connected to two of the relays.

[0014] In one embodiment, the battery module further has a plurality of voltage detection units and a plurality of temperature detection units; the plurality of voltage detection units are respectively electrically connected to a voltage reference point between the positive and negative poles of two adjacent battery cells for detecting a reference voltage signal of each battery cell; the plurality of temperature detection units are respectively electrically connected to a temperature reference point between the positive and negative poles of two adjacent battery cells for detecting a reference temperature signal of each battery cell; the battery management system further has a receiving unit and a judging unit, the receiving unit is communicatively connected to the plurality of voltage detection units and the plurality of temperature detection units for receiving the reference voltage signal and the reference temperature signal of each battery cell; the judging unit is used to judge whether the voltage reference signal is lower than the saturation voltage value based on the reference voltage signal, or to judge whether the reference temperature signal is higher than a temperature value based on the reference temperature signal.

[0015] In one embodiment, the battery management system further includes a charger control unit electrically connected to the temperature detection unit and the charger, for controlling the charger to stop operating when the determination unit determines that the reference temperature signal exceeds the temperature value.

[0016] In one embodiment, the system further includes a human-machine interface electrically connected to the battery management system for displaying the reference voltage signal and / or the reference temperature signal of each battery cell received by the battery management system.

[0017] The following is a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention based on the objectives and effects disclosed by the present invention, together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1This is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and descriptions are for illustrative purposes only. For example, terms such as "upper" and "lower," "left" and "right," "front" and "rear," "first" and "second," etc., are used to clearly illustrate the relative positions of components or mechanisms and are not intended to be limiting.

[0021] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a high-current automatic rotating charging, balancing, and maintenance device 1 for charging a battery module 2 with high current. Specifically, the battery module 2 comprises N battery cells 3, a plurality of voltage detection units 4, a plurality of temperature detection units 5, and a charging socket 6, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. In this embodiment, the battery module 2 is composed of eight battery cells 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, and 3-8 connected in series, and the series connection method is that the negative pole of the battery cell 3-1 is also the total negative pole of the battery of the battery module 2, the positive pole of the battery cell 3-1 is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell 3-2, and the positive pole of the battery cell 3-2 is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell 3-3. In this form, the positive pole of the battery cell 3-7 is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell 3-8, and the positive pole of the battery cell 3-8 is also the total positive pole of the battery of the battery module 2.

[0022] The plurality of voltage detection units 4 are electrically connected to a voltage reference point between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 3 in the battery module 2, respectively, to detect a reference voltage signal for each connected battery cell 3. The plurality of temperature detection units 5 are electrically connected to a temperature reference point between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 3 in the battery module 2, respectively, to detect a reference temperature signal for each connected battery cell 3. In this embodiment, the plurality of voltage detection units 4 are voltage detection lines, and the plurality of temperature detection units are temperature detection lines.

[0023] The charging socket 6 has N+1 electrical contacts. For example, in this embodiment, the charging socket 6 has nine electrical contacts, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, and 6-9. The battery module 2 further includes N+1 charging cables 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5, 7-6, 7-7, 7-8, and 7-9. The positive and negative terminals of the battery cells 3-1 and 3-8 on either side of the module are connected to the charging cables 7-1 and 7-9, respectively. Next, charging cables 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5, 7-6, 7-7, and 7-8 are sequentially connected between the two connected battery cells 3-1 to 3-8, such that charging cable 7-1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of battery cell 3-1, charging cable 7-2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of battery cell 3-1 and the negative terminal of battery cell 3-2, and similarly, charging cable 7-7 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of battery cell 3-7 and the negative terminal of battery cell 3-8, and charging cable 7-9 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of battery cell 3-8. In this embodiment, each of the charging cables 7-1 to 7-9 is connected to one of the electrical contacts 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, and 6-9 of the charging socket 6. It is worth noting that each of the charging cables 7-1 to 7-9 has a wire diameter sufficient to withstand a large current (eg, 20 amps). In other words, the charging can be performed directly with a large current.

[0024] The high-current automatic charging and balancing device 1 of this embodiment mainly includes a relay control module 10, a charger 20, a battery management system 30 and a human-machine interface 40.

[0025] The relay control module 10 is electrically connected to the battery module 2 and includes 2N relays 11 and a charging plug 12. Each two relays 11 correspond to each battery cell 3. The charging plug 12 corresponds to the charging socket 6 and has N+1 contacts. For example, in this embodiment, the relay control module 10 has sixteen relays 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11-9, 11-10, 11-11, 11-12, 11-13, 11-14, 11-15, and 11-16, and the charging plug 12 has nine contacts 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, 12-5, 12-6, 12-7, 12-8, and 12-9, which are detachably electrically connected to the corresponding nine electrical contacts 6-1 to 6-9 of the socket 4. The relay 11-1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the cell 3-1 via the contact 12-1, the electrical contact 6-1 and the charging line 7-1; the relay 11-2 and the relay 11-3 are electrically connected to the positive electrode of the cell 3-1 and the negative electrode of the cell 3-2 via the contact 12-2, the electrical contact 6-2 and the charging line 7-2; the relay 11-4 and the relay 11-5 are electrically connected to the positive electrode of the cell 3-1 and the negative electrode of the cell 3-2 via the contact 12-3, the electrical contact 6-3 and the charging line 7-2. The wire 7-3 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 3-2 and the negative pole of the battery cell 3-3; in this form, the relay 11-14 and the relay 11-15 are electrically connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 3-7 and the negative pole of the battery cell 3-8 via the contact 12-8, the electrical contact 6-8 and the charging line 7-8; the relay 11-16 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 3-8 via the contact 12-9, the electrical contact 6-9 and the charging line 7-9. The plurality of relays 11-1 to 11-16 can be controlled to switch between an energized state and an unenergized state. When both relays 11 connected to one of the battery cells 3 are energized, the circuit connected to the battery cell 3 is connected, allowing current to flow into the battery cell 3. When at least one of the two relays 11 connected to one of the battery cells 3 is unenergized, the circuit connected to the battery cell 3 is disconnected, preventing current from flowing into the battery cell 3. It should be noted that in another embodiment, the number of the plurality of relays can be increased or decreased as needed.

[0026] The charger 20 is electrically connected to an external power source and the relay control module 10, and is controlled to sequentially transmit the high current input from the external power source through the relay control module 10 to each cell 3 of the battery module 2 for charging. The term "high current" herein refers to a current greater than or equal to 15A. In this embodiment, the charger 20 is a constant current charger, with a normal output current of 20A and a voltage of 5V to 6V.

[0027] In addition, in this embodiment, the relay control module 10 includes an incoming power relay group 11A and an outgoing power relay group 11B. The incoming power relay group 11A includes a plurality of relays 11-1, 11-3, 11-5, 11-7, 11-9, 11-11, 11-13, and 11-15, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the charger 20 and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative terminals of the plurality of battery cells 3-1 to 3-8, respectively. This circuit controls the flow of current from the positive terminal of the charger 20 to the negative terminals of the plurality of battery cells 3-1 to 3-8. The number of relays 11 in the incoming power relay group 11A is N, corresponding to the number of battery cells 3. The output relay assembly 11B includes a plurality of relays 11-2, 11-4, 11-6, 11-8, 11-10, 11-12, 11-14, and 11-16, each of which has one end electrically connected to the positive terminals of the plurality of battery cells 3-1 through 3-8 and another end electrically connected to the negative terminal of the charger 20, thereby controlling the flow of current from the positive terminals of the plurality of battery cells 3-1 through 3-8 to the negative terminal of the charger 20. The number of relays 11 in the output relay assembly 11B is also N, corresponding to the number of battery cells 3.

[0028] The battery management system 30 is electrically connected to the battery module 2, the relay control module 10, and the charger 20. In this embodiment, the battery management system 30 includes a receiving unit 31, a determination unit 32, a relay control unit 33, and a charger control unit 34. The receiving unit 31 is communicatively connected to the plurality of voltage detection units 4 and the plurality of temperature detection units 5 of the battery module 2 to receive the reference voltage signal and the reference temperature signal of each battery cell 3 detected by the plurality of voltage detection units 4 and the plurality of temperature detection units 5. The determination unit 32 is electrically connected to the receiving unit 31, the relay control unit 33, and the charger control unit 34 to determine whether the reference voltage signal is lower than a saturation voltage value; or determine whether the reference temperature signal is higher than a temperature value. The saturation voltage value refers to the voltage value of the battery cell 3 when it is fully charged. The relay control unit 33 is electrically connected to the determination unit 32 and the plurality of relays 11 of the relay control module 10. It is configured to control the activation of the plurality of relays 11 when the determination unit 32 determines that the reference voltage signal is lower than the saturation voltage value, thereby ensuring that only one of the battery cells 3 can be charged at a time, while the remaining battery cells 3 cannot be charged. The charger control unit 34 is electrically connected to the determination unit 32 and is configured to deactivate the charger 20 when the determination unit 32 detects that all battery cells 3 have completed charging, or to deactivate the charger 20 when the determination unit 32 determines that the reference temperature signal exceeds the temperature value.

[0029] The human-machine interface 40 is electrically connected to the battery management system 30 and is used to display the reference voltage signal and / or the reference temperature signal of each battery cell 3 of the battery module 2 detected by the battery management system 30, allowing a user to determine the charging status of each battery cell 3 of the battery module 2 based on the human-machine interface 40. In another embodiment, the human-machine interface can be a touch screen that allows the user to control the output power of the charger, turn it on and off, and / or adjust relevant parameters of the battery management system.

[0030] According to the above structure, the large current automatic charging and balancing device 1 provided by the present invention has the following practical applications:

[0031] When the battery module 2 is electrically connected to the high-current automatic charging, balancing, and maintenance device 1, the battery management system 30 detects the reference voltage and / or temperature signals for each battery cell 3 emitted by the battery module 2. If at least one battery cell 3 is found to have not reached its saturation voltage, the battery management system 30 controls the charger 20 to output current, which is then transmitted to the battery module 2 via the relay control module 10. The relay control unit 33 of the battery management system 30 controls the two relays 11 connected to one of the battery cells 3 with insufficient voltage to switch to an energized state, while the remaining relays 11 are switched to an unenergized state. This ensures that only the circuit connected to the battery cell 3 is open, while the circuits connected to the other battery cells 3 are disconnected. Consequently, current output from the charger 20 flows through one of the relays 11 connected to the battery cell 3 (the input relay) to charge the battery cell 3. Current then flows from the positive terminal of the battery cell 3 through the other relay 11 connected to the battery cell 3 (the output relay) to the charger 20, completing the charging cycle. When the battery management system 30 detects that the battery cell 3 has reached its saturation voltage, it stops supplying power to the battery cell 3, effectively disconnecting the circuit connected to the battery cell 3 by switching the two relays 11 connected to the battery cell 3 to an unenergized state. The battery management system 30 then controls the two relays 11 connected to the other battery cell 3 with insufficient voltage to switch to an energized state, while the remaining relays 11 are switched to an unenergized state. The above charging action is repeated until each battery cell 3 reaches the saturation voltage value. It is worth noting that because the battery management system 30 of the present invention can receive the reference voltage signals and reference temperature signals detected by the voltage detection unit 4 and the temperature detection unit 5 of the battery module 2 through the receiving unit 31 and directly control the operation of the relays 11 and the charger 20, the present invention can simplify the conventional two-point three-wire connection method to a connection method with only positive and negative charging wires. This can accurately achieve the purpose of battery cell charging without wireless voltage loss and without worrying about battery overcharging.

[0032] For example, in this embodiment, if the battery management system 30 detects that the plurality of cells 3-1 through 3-8 of the battery module 2 have not reached the saturation voltage, the battery management system 30 controls the relays 11-1 and 11-2 to be energized, while the remaining relays 11-3 through 11-16 are all switched to an unenergized state. This causes the charger 20 to output current only to charge cell 3-1 until the cell 3-1 reaches the saturation voltage. After the cell 3-1 reaches the saturation voltage, the battery management system 30 controls the relays 11-1 and 11-2 to be switched to an unenergized state, while relays 11-3 and 11-4 are switched to an energized state. The remaining relays 11-5 through 11-16 remain unenergized. This causes the charger 20 to output current only to charge cell 3-2 until the predetermined voltage is reached. In this manner, the charger 20, under the control of the battery management system 30 and the relay control module 10, can sequentially charge each of the battery cells 3-1 through 3-8 until each of the battery cells 3-1 through 3-8 reaches the predetermined voltage, completing the charging of the battery module 2. It should be noted that while this embodiment discloses sequential charging of the plurality of battery cells 3-1 through 3-8, the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the battery management system can charge the plurality of battery cells with insufficient voltage in any order, with only one cell being charged at a time. In other words, any configuration that sequentially charges the plurality of battery cells using a high current does not depart from the scope of application of the present invention.

[0033] On the other hand, when the charger 20 charges any of the battery cells 3 of the battery module 2, the temperature detection unit 5 of the battery module 2 also detects the temperature of the battery cell 3 in real time and transmits it to the battery management system 30 for real-time monitoring. When the judgment unit 32 determines that the temperature of the battery cell 3 exceeds the preset temperature value, the charger control unit 34 of the battery management system 30 controls the charger 20 to stop operating, effectively preventing the battery module 2 from being damaged or burned due to excessive temperature during charging.

[0034] In summary, the high-current automatic rotating charging and balancing device for battery modules provided by this invention utilizes the architecture of the relay control module, the charger, the battery management system, and the human-machine interface to enable the high current provided by the charger to be charged to each cell of the battery module in turn through the relay control module, rather than charging all cells simultaneously. This allows the invention to accurately and quickly charge each cell without any loss or voltage difference, eliminating concerns about overcharging or temperature runaway during charging.

[0035] It should be noted that the number of battery cells, the number of electrical contacts, the number of charging cables, the number of contacts, and the number of relays disclosed in the accompanying drawings are only examples and are not intended to be limiting.

[0036] The above are preferred embodiments and design drawings of the present utility model. However, the preferred embodiments and design drawings are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of rights of the present utility model. Any implementation using equivalent technical means or within the scope of rights covered by the "Claims" does not depart from the scope of the present utility model and is within the scope of the applicant's rights.

Claims

1. A high-current automatic charging and balancing device for battery modules, characterized in that: The device is used to charge N cells of a battery module, wherein the cells are connected in series, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The device includes: a relay control module having a plurality of relays electrically connected to the plurality of cells of the battery module, such that the positive and negative electrodes of each cell are electrically connected to two of the relays; wherein each relay can be controlled to switch between an energized state and an unenergized state; a charger electrically connected to the relay control module, for inputting a large current through the relay control module into each of the battery cells of the battery module for charging; and a battery management system electrically connected to the charger, the relay control module, and the battery module, and comprising a relay control unit; the relay control unit being electrically connected to the plurality of relays of the relay control module and configured to control the plurality of relays to switch between the energized state and the de-energized state based on a voltage signal of each battery cell transmitted from the battery module; Among them, when the voltage of at least one battery cell in the battery module is lower than a saturation voltage value, the battery management system is configured to control the two relays corresponding to one of the battery cells with insufficient voltage to switch to the energized state, and the other relays to switch to the unenergized state, so that the current output by the charger can only be charged into the battery cell through the two relays for charging; after the battery cell reaches the saturation voltage value, the battery management system is configured to control the two relays to switch to the unenergized state to stop charging the first battery cell; the battery management system is configured to perform the same action on each battery cell with insufficient voltage one by one until the voltage of each battery cell reaches the saturation voltage value.

2. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the plurality of relays in the relay control module is 2N.

3. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay control module includes an input relay group and an output relay group; the input relay group includes a portion of the plurality of relays, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive pole of the charger, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative poles of the plurality of battery cells, so as to control the current flowing from the positive pole of the charger to the negative poles of the plurality of battery cells; the output relay group includes another portion of the plurality of relays, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive pole of the plurality of battery cells, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative pole of the charger, so as to control the current flowing from the positive pole of the plurality of battery cells to the negative pole of the charger.

4. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the plurality of relays in the input relay group and the number of the plurality of relays in the output relay group are both N.

5. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further includes a charging socket; the charging socket has N+1 electrical contacts, which are electrically connected to at least one of the positive and negative poles of the plurality of battery cells through N+1 charging lines; the relay control module further includes a charging plug; the charging plug has N+1 contacts, one end of which is electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of relays, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the plurality of electrical contacts of the charging socket in a detachable manner.

6. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: One charging line is connected to the positive pole on one side of the combination of N battery cells, another charging line is connected to the negative pole on the other side of the combination of N battery cells, and the remaining N-1 charging lines are respectively connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of two adjacent battery cells in the combination of N battery cells.

7. The high-current automatic charging, balancing, and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two contacts are only electrically connected to one of the relays, and the remaining contacts are electrically connected to two relays.

8. The high-current automatic charging, balancing, and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further has a plurality of voltage detection units and a plurality of temperature detection units; the plurality of voltage detection units are respectively electrically connected to a voltage reference point between the positive pole and the negative pole of two adjacent battery cells for detecting a reference voltage signal of each battery cell; the plurality of temperature detection units are respectively electrically connected to a temperature reference point between the positive pole and the negative pole of two adjacent battery cells for detecting a reference temperature signal of each battery cell; the battery management system further has a receiving unit and a judging unit, the receiving unit is communicatively connected to the plurality of voltage detection units and the plurality of temperature detection units for receiving the reference voltage signal and the reference temperature signal of each battery cell; the judging unit is used to judge whether the voltage signal is lower than the saturation voltage value based on the reference voltage signal, or to judge whether the reference temperature signal is higher than a temperature value based on the reference temperature signal.

9. The high-current automatic charging, balancing, and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 8, characterized in that: The battery management system further includes a charger control unit electrically connected to the temperature detection unit and the charger, and configured to control the charger to stop operating when the determination unit determines that the reference temperature signal exceeds a temperature value.

10. The high-current automatic charging, balancing and maintenance device for battery modules according to claim 8, characterized in that: The device further comprises a human-machine interface electrically connected to the battery management system for displaying the reference voltage signal and / or the reference temperature signal of each battery cell received by the battery management system.

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