Energy-absorbing anchor rod suitable for large-deformation geology

Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy-absorbing anchor rod suitable for large-deformation geology, relates to the technical field of protective facilities of civil engineering, and particularly aims to solve the problem of poor effect caused by poor deformation capacity in the background technology by providing the energy-absorbing anchor rod suitable for the large-deformation geology. Comprising a hollow anchor rod body, an anchor head and a locking nut, the anchor head is connected to the anchoring end of the hollow anchor rod body, the locking nut is connected to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod body in a threaded mode, an energy absorption structure is arranged close to the tensioning end, and the hollow anchor rod body is sleeved with the energy absorption structure. And the energy absorption effect after anchoring is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of protective facilities of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an energy-absorbing anchor rod suitable for large-deformation geology. Background Art

[0002] The global drive for new industrialization, urbanization, informatization, and agricultural modernization is generating enormous and expected long-term demand for mineral resources and energy. This is leading to the gradual depletion of shallow mineral resources and the continuous expansion of resource development into the deep Earth. Simultaneously, human needs for survival and development (such as tunnels and hydropower stations) and the exploration of the unknown are continuously expanding underground space. As underground engineering projects continue to extend deeper, the in-situ stress state of the rock mass and the impact of high-stress environments become increasingly prominent. Under strong engineering disturbances, severe dynamic disasters characterized by high-energy rock bursts (rockbursts, mining tremors), large deformations of the surrounding rock, caving, and spalling are becoming more frequent. Effective and reliable prevention and control of these disasters is imperative. Anchor bolts are a widely used support component in civil engineering, particularly in stabilizing surrounding rock structures in underground projects. They play a vital role in maintaining structural stability and ensuring safe operation.

[0003] Traditional anchor bolts offer less than ideal protection against dynamic hazards that occur during engineering services. They only mitigate the intensity of these hazards to a certain extent, but fail to effectively prevent and control them. The fundamental reason for this is that traditional anchor bolts cannot effectively absorb the high deformation energy of the surrounding rock and resist strong impact loads (e.g., earthquake resistance). Specifically, traditional anchor bolts either offer high stiffness and support strength, but low ductility and poor adaptive deformation capabilities. Alternatively, while they can provide large deformations, they lack the support strength required under high stresses, often leading to anchor bolt fracture and failure due to excessive stress within the rock mass.

[0004] In actual engineering projects, anchor support technology also has many shortcomings: Common forms of anchor failure include shear failure of the anchor at the sliding surface or joint surface, rock and soil failure, and failure caused by insufficient tensile bearing capacity of the anchor. The main reasons for anchor failure are: 1. The anchor is broken; 2. The bond failure at the interface between the steel bar and the grouting body; 3. The bond failure at the interface between the grouting body and the rock and soil body, as well as the failure of the grouting body. The elongation of the anchor steel bar itself is low and cannot produce large deformation. When a rock burst occurs in the tunnel or encounters an impact load, the anchor bar cannot deform in coordination with the surrounding rock because it cannot produce large deformation. This often leads to the anchor being broken or the steel bar being pulled out. In short, the anchor bar is prone to failure because it cannot adapt to the large deformation of the surrounding rock or the anchor bar cannot absorb the energy of the impact load, which leads to the failure of the entire support system and endangers the safety of the people in production.

[0005] A patent document with publication number CN105736023A was retrieved, which discloses a large-deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt, comprising an anchor bolt, a nut at the end of the anchor bolt tail rod, and a steel plate tray that is tightly attached to the surrounding rock wall. The nut presses the steel plate tray, and the middle section of the anchor bolt has an energy-absorbing steel section. The outer layer of the energy-absorbing steel section is equipped with a sleeve that is threadedly connected to the anchor bolt. When in use, the energy-absorbing steel section of the anchor bolt can deform to absorb the energy of the rock burst and adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock. However, the energy-absorbing steel section of the anchor bolt has poor deformation capacity, resulting in poor energy absorption effect.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to design an energy-absorbing anchor rod that is suitable for large deformation geology to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of the problem that the above-mentioned prior art has poor deformation ability and leads to poor effect, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an energy-absorbing anchor rod suitable for large deformation geology, including a hollow anchor rod, an anchor head and a locking nut. The anchor head is connected to the anchoring end of the hollow anchor rod, and the locking nut is screwed to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod. An energy-absorbing structure is provided near the tensioning end, and the energy-absorbing structure is sleeved on the hollow anchor rod. The energy-absorbing anchor rod of this structure can be used for anchoring large deformation geology under shallow buried soft rock geology, and the energy absorption effect after anchoring is good.

[0008] The core technical idea of ​​this utility model is: based on the characteristics of shallow-buried soft rock geology, high-performance springs and box-type energy absorbers are used in conjunction with each other to achieve adaptive energy absorption of large deformations caused by shallow-buried soft rock geology. It has a simple structure and low production cost, which greatly reduces engineering costs.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by this utility model are as follows:

[0010] An energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted for large deformation geology comprises a hollow anchor bolt, an anchor head, and a locking nut. The anchor head is connected to the anchoring end of the hollow anchor bolt, and the locking nut is screwed to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor bolt. The invention is characterized in that an energy-absorbing structure is provided near the tensioning end and is sleeved on the hollow anchor bolt.

[0011] The energy absorbing structure comprises an energy absorber and a high-performance spring arranged in the energy absorber. The energy absorber and the high-performance spring are sleeved on the hollow anchor rod.

[0012] Preferably, the cross section of the energy absorber is a hexagonal structure, and the energy absorber is symmetrically provided with through holes 1 for the hollow anchor rod to pass through.

[0013] Preferably, arc-shaped protrusions are arranged at intervals on the surface of the energy absorber.

[0014] Preferably, the energy absorbing anchor rod further comprises a pad, which is arranged between the energy absorber and the locking nut, and the hollow anchor rod passes through the second through-hole on the pad.

[0015] Preferably, the anchor head is further provided with a reinforcement mechanism, which includes a reinforcement cap and a connection assembly for connecting with the hollow anchor rod, and the connection assembly is arranged in the reinforcement cap.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of slurry leakage holes are provided on the reinforcement cap.

[0017] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a sleeve and a plurality of supporting components, and the supporting components are arranged around the sleeve and connected to the sleeve.

[0018] Preferably, the supporting members are threaded steel bars arranged in an X shape.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model discloses an energy-absorbing anchor rod adapted to large deformation geology. Compared with the prior art, the improvements of the utility model are:

[0020] (1) The utility model can adaptively absorb large deformation energy under shallow soft rock geology through the design of the energy absorption structure. The energy absorption structure is simple in structure and can achieve large deformation adaptive energy absorption only by the energy absorber and high-performance spring. The production cost is low, which is conducive to promotion and greatly reduces the engineering cost.

[0021] (2) The present invention adopts a reinforcement mechanism designed to consist of a reinforcement cap and a connecting assembly. After pouring and replacing the soil, the reinforcement cap further reinforces the anchor head and the working hole, and increases the integrated structure of the anchor head-concrete-rock, so that the effect after anchoring is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the main view of the energy-absorbing anchor rod of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the front view of the energy absorber of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy absorber of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pad of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the front view of the reinforcement mechanism of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcing cap structure of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the reinforcement cap of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the utility model;

[0030] Among them: 1. Hollow anchor rod; 101. Slurry stop plug 1; 2. Anchor head; 201. Slurry outlet hole; 3. Energy absorption structure; 301. Energy absorber; 301-1. Perforation 1; 302. High-performance spring; 303. Spacer 2; 4. Locking nut; 5. Pad; 501. Perforation 2; 6. Reinforcement mechanism; 601. Reinforcement cap; 601-1. Slurry leakage hole; 602. Connection group; 602-1. Sleeve; 602-2. Support component; 7. Arc-shaped protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] Refer to the attached Figure 1-8 The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology shown in the figure comprises a hollow anchor bolt 1, an anchor head 2 and a locking nut 4. The anchor head 2 is connected to the anchoring end of the hollow anchor bolt 1, and the locking nut 4 is screwed to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor bolt 1. An energy-absorbing structure 3 is provided near the tensioning end, and the energy-absorbing structure 3 is sleeved on the hollow anchor bolt 1; the energy-absorbing structure 3 comprises an energy absorber 301 and a high-performance spring 302 provided in the energy absorber 301, and the energy absorber 301 and the high-performance spring 302 are coaxially sleeved on the hollow anchor bolt 1; a slurry outlet hole 201 is provided on the anchor head 2; a second gasket 303 is also provided, and the second gasket 303 is used in conjunction with the hollow anchor bolt 1 to increase its fastening to the energy absorber 301;

[0034] Reference is made to the attached Figure 2-3 As shown, the energy absorber 301 is a bottomless box-type structure with a hexagonal cross-section. The energy absorber 301 is symmetrically provided with perforations 301-1 for the hollow anchor rod 1 to pass through. Each surface of the energy absorber 301 is preferably a square structure with a side length of 120 mm, a distance between the symmetrical surfaces of 100 mm, and a thickness of 15 mm. The high-performance spring 302 is 110 mm long, 60 mm wide, and the steel wire is 6 mm thick. The thickness of the hollow anchor rod 1 is 10 mm.

[0035] After pouring concrete, in order to more firmly fix the energy absorber, concrete and rock together, a number of arc-shaped protrusions 7 are provided on the surface of the energy absorber 301 at intervals. The arc-shaped protrusions 7 increase the contact area between the energy absorber 301 and the concrete.

[0036] Refer to the attached Figure 4As shown, the energy-absorbing anchor rod also includes a pad 5, which is arranged between the energy absorber 301 and the locking nut 4, and the hollow anchor rod 1 passes through the through hole 2 501 on the pad 5. The function of the pad 5 is to improve the stress on the tensioning end and enhance the supporting effect on the rock wall, so as to facilitate the application of prestress to the anchor rod.

[0037] The principle and process of using the energy-absorbing anchor bolt in this preferred embodiment, which is applicable to large deformation geology, are as follows:

[0038] First follow Figure 1 The anchor rod is assembled with a structure, wherein a second pad 303 is provided. The second pad 303 is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the energy absorber 301 and is used in conjunction with the hollow anchor rod 1 to improve the tightness of the connection between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the energy absorber 301. A slurry stopper 101 is inserted into the through hole 301-1 near the anchoring end. The slurry stopper 101 is made of rubber.

[0039] The steps for using the assembled anchor rod are as follows:

[0040] Step 1. Drill a working hole in the rock formation using a drilling machine and clean the working hole;

[0041] Step 2. Insert the assembled anchor rod into the working hole. Use a drill (or percussion drilling tool) to rotate and impact the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod to insert the anchor head 2 into the deepest part of the working hole. The energy absorbing structure 3 is set outside the working hole.

[0042] Step 3. Install a second grout stopper at the working hole as needed to prevent grout overflow. Install a backing plate 5 and a lock nut 4 between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the rock support surface. Tighten the lock nut 4 with a torque wrench to begin grouting. If prestressing the anchor rod is required, use an air plunger jack to apply prestress to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod 1 and lock the prestress load with the lock nut 4, or simply tighten the lock nut 4 with a torque wrench to prestress the hollow anchor rod 1.

[0043] Step 3. After completing the above steps, grouting is performed on the working hole through the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod 1. The slurry enters the interior of the hollow anchor rod 1 from the tensioning end, and then flows out from the slurry outlet hole 201 of the anchoring section, thereby filling the gap between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the working hole. When the slurry flows out from the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod 1, the grouting is stopped, and the anchor rod is completed.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that, based on Example 1, in order to strengthen the anchor head and the working hole after pouring concrete and to be able to withstand greater tension, a reinforcement mechanism 6 is further provided on the anchor head 2; Figure 6-8As shown, the reinforcement mechanism 6 includes a reinforcement cap 601 and a connection assembly 602 for connecting to the hollow anchor rod 1. The connection assembly 602 is arranged in the reinforcement cap 601. A plurality of grouting holes 601-1 are provided on the reinforcement cap 601 to facilitate the rapid circulation of concrete.

[0046] Refer to the attached Figure 7-8 As shown, the connection assembly 602 includes a sleeve 602-1 and several supporting components 602-2. The supporting components 602-2 are arranged around the sleeve 602-1 and connected to the sleeve 602-1; the supporting components 602-2 are used to support the sleeve 602-1 inside the reinforcement cap 601, and at the same time have an effect similar to an embedded part, further reinforcing the fastening effect between the anchor head and the rock; preferably, the supporting components 602-2 are threaded steel bars arranged in an X shape, which have a better reinforcement effect.

[0047] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-absorbing anchor rod adapted to large deformation geology, comprising a hollow anchor rod (1), an anchor head (2) and a locking nut (4), wherein the anchor head (2) is connected to the anchoring end of the hollow anchor rod (1), and the locking nut (4) is screwed to the tensioning end of the hollow anchor rod (1), characterized in that: An energy absorbing structure (3) is provided near the tensioning end, and the energy absorbing structure (3) is sleeved on the hollow anchor rod (1); The energy absorbing structure (3) comprises an energy absorber (301) and a high-performance spring (302) arranged in the energy absorber (301); the energy absorber (301) and the high-performance spring (302) are sleeved on the hollow anchor rod (1).

2. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the energy absorber (301) is a hexagonal structure, and a through hole (301-1) is symmetrically provided on the energy absorber (301) for facilitating the passage of the hollow anchor rod (1).

3. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the energy absorber (301) is provided with arc-shaped protrusions (7) at intervals.

4. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing anchor rod further comprises a pad (5), the pad (5) being arranged between the energy absorber (301) and the locking nut (4), and the hollow anchor rod (1) passing through a second through-hole (501) on the pad (5).

5. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reinforcement mechanism (6) is also provided on the anchor head (2). The reinforcement mechanism (6) comprises a reinforcement cap (601) and a connection assembly (602) for connecting to the hollow anchor rod (1). The connection assembly (602) is provided in the reinforcement cap (601).

6. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of slurry leakage holes (601-1) are provided on the reinforcement cap (601).

7. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting assembly (602) comprises a sleeve (602-1) and a plurality of supporting components (602-2). The supporting components (602-2) are arranged around the sleeve (602-1) and connected to the sleeve (602-1).

8. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt adapted to large deformation geology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supporting member (602-2) is a threaded steel bar arranged in an X shape.

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