Punching and shaping die punching machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of punching equipment, in particular to a punching and shaping die punching machine which comprises a workbench, a bottom plate, a top plate, a punching assembly and a cutting assembly. The bottom plate is fixedly arranged on the workbench; the top plate is located on the top of the bottom plate. A first hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly arranged at the top of the workbench, and the movable end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the top plate. A lower mold is arranged on the bottom plate; an upper mold is arranged on the top plate; placing grooves which are matched with each other are formed in the upper mold and the lower mold; the punching assembly is arranged on the upper die and used for punching a pipe fitting. The cutting-off assembly is arranged on the upper die and used for cutting off the tail end of the pipe fitting. The truck door handle machining device can conveniently machine the truck door handle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of stamping equipment, in particular to a punching and shaping die stamping machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The door handle of the truck comprises a hand-holding part, and connecting parts are fixedly arranged at both ends of the hand-holding part; an installation part is arranged at the end of the connecting part away from the hand-holding part; in order to facilitate installation, the installation part is flat and provided with an installation hole.

[0003] At present, when the door handle of the truck is processed, the pipe piece bent into a preset shape needs to be first installed on a flattening machine to form the flat installation part, and then the pipe piece is installed on a stamping equipment to stamp the pipe piece by using the stamping equipment, so that the installation hole is formed; since the pipe piece end is extruded into an irregular shape when the pipe piece is flattened, the pipe piece end needs to be cut off by using a cutting equipment.

[0004] The above-mentioned door handle of the truck needs to pass through three processes of flattening, punching and cutting when being processed, so that the pipe piece to be processed needs to be processed in three work stations in sequence; when being processed in each work station, the pipe piece to be processed needs to be installed and dismounted, which is inconvenient for processing the door handle of the truck. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In order to facilitate processing of the door handle of the truck, the application provides a punching and shaping die stamping machine.

[0006] The punching and shaping die stamping machine provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] The punching and shaping die stamping machine is used for flattening, punching and cutting of the pipe piece, and comprises a workbench, a bottom plate, a top plate, a punching assembly and a cutting assembly; the bottom plate is fixedly arranged on the workbench; the top plate is located at the top of the bottom plate; a first hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly arranged at the top of the workbench, and a movable end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the top plate; a lower die is arranged on the bottom plate; an upper die is arranged on the top plate; the upper die and the lower die are both provided with mutually matched placing grooves; the punching assembly is arranged on the upper die and is used for punching the pipe piece; and the cutting assembly is arranged on the upper die and is used for cutting the pipe piece end.

[0008] By adopting the technical scheme, when the truck door handle is processed, the operator first places the pipe piece bent into a preset shape in the placing groove of the lower die, then drives the top plate downward by using the first hydraulic oil cylinder, so as to drive the upper die to move downward, so that the upper die is arranged on the lower die, thereby fixing the pipe piece in the placing groove, and in the process of moving downward, the pipe piece end is flattened to form the mounting part of the door handle, then the mounting hole is punched on the mounting part of the door handle by using the punching assembly, finally the irregular excess material at the pipe piece end is cut off by using the cutting assembly, and then the door handle processing is completed, and the operator can drive the top plate to move upward by using the first hydraulic oil cylinder, so as to drive the upper die to move upward, thereby disassembling the formed door handle.

[0009] The flattening, punching and cutting processes are concentrated together for processing, only one installation and disassembly of the pipe piece are needed, the traditional processing flow is simplified, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle. The upper die is driven to move by using the first hydraulic oil cylinder, thereby installing and fixing the pipe piece, the operation is simple, and the convenience of the truck door handle processing is further improved.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of limiting grooves are arranged on the upper die and located on both sides of the placing groove; a plurality of limiting blocks are arranged on the lower die and correspond to the limiting grooves one by one, the limiting blocks are also fixedly arranged on both sides of the placing groove, and the limiting blocks are matched with the limiting grooves.

[0011] By adopting the technical scheme, the pipe piece is limited by the limiting blocks, so that the operator can place the pipe piece in the placing groove, and the upper die is arranged on the top of the lower die by the cooperation of the limiting blocks and the limiting grooves, thereby avoiding damage to the pipe piece due to mutual extrusion of the upper die and the lower die, and reducing the amount of waste products in production.

[0012] Optionally, a punching groove is arranged on the lower die; the punching assembly comprises a second hydraulic oil cylinder and a punching head; the fixed end of the second hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on the upper die; the punching head is fixedly arranged on the movable end of the second hydraulic oil cylinder, and the punching head is matched with the punching groove.

[0013] By adopting the technical scheme, the pipe piece is fixedly installed in the placing groove, and the mounting hole of the door handle is formed by driving the punching head to punch the pipe piece by using the second hydraulic oil cylinder.

[0014] Optionally, a cutting groove is arranged on the lower die; the cutting assembly comprises a third hydraulic oil cylinder and a cutting head; the fixed end of the third hydraulic oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on the upper die; the cutting head is fixedly arranged on the movable end of the third hydraulic oil cylinder, and the cutting head is matched with the cutting groove.

[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, after the installation hole is formed, the third hydraulic oil cylinder drives the cutting head to cut the pipe end, so that the pipe end forms a smooth arc surface.

[0016] Optionally, a discharging groove is formed in the bottom plate, and the discharging groove is in communication with the punching groove and the cutting groove; a discharging assembly is arranged on the bottom plate, and the discharging assembly comprises a discharging cylinder and a push plate; a fixed end of the discharging cylinder is fixedly arranged in the discharging groove; and the push plate is slidingly arranged in the discharging groove and is fixedly connected with a movable end of the discharging cylinder.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, the waste materials left by punching and cutting fall into the discharging groove through the punching groove and the cutting groove respectively, and the operator only needs to start the discharging cylinder at regular intervals to drive the push plate to move, so that the waste materials can be pushed out of the discharging groove, which facilitates the operator to clean the waste materials, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle.

[0018] Optionally, the discharging assembly further comprises a baffle, the baffle is located at a slot opening of the discharging groove and at a side of the bottom plate away from the discharging cylinder, and the baffle is fixedly connected with the bottom plate.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the baffle blocks the waste materials, so that the waste materials fall in front of the workbench under the action of the baffle, thereby facilitating the operator to clean the waste materials.

[0020] Optionally, the lower die comprises a first die, a second die and a third die; the first die, the second die and the third die are detachably connected with the bottom plate; the upper die comprises a fourth die, a fifth die and a sixth die; and the fourth die, the fifth die and the sixth die are detachably connected with the top plate.

[0021] By adopting the technical scheme, the upper die is divided into the first die, the second die and the third die, and the lower die is divided into the fourth die, the fifth die and the sixth die, and the first die, the second die and the third die are detachably connected with the bottom plate, and the fourth die, the fifth die and the sixth die are detachably connected with the top plate, so that the operator can disassemble and replace the first die, the second die, the third die, the fourth die, the fifth die and the sixth die, and different placement grooves are formed in different dies, so that different sizes of door handles can be produced, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle.

[0022] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. By concentrating the flattening, punching and cutting processes together, only one installation and disassembly of the pipe is required, simplifying the traditional processing flow, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle. And the first hydraulic cylinder drives the upper die to move, so as to install and fix the pipe, simple operation, further improves the convenience of truck door handle processing;

[0024] 2. By setting the discharge assembly, the waste left by punching and cutting falls into the discharge groove through the punching groove and the cutting groove, and the operator only needs to start the discharge cylinder regularly, so that the discharge cylinder drives the push plate to move, so as to push the waste out of the discharge groove, which facilitates the operator to clean the waste, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle;

[0025] 3. By dividing the upper die into first die, second die and third die, and dividing the lower die into fourth die, fifth die and sixth die, and the first die, second die and third die are detachably connected with the bottom plate, and the fourth die, fifth die and sixth die are detachably connected with the top plate, so that the operator can disassemble and replace the first die, second die, third die, fourth die, fifth die and sixth die, and by opening different position placing grooves on different dies, different sizes of door handles are realized, thereby facilitating the processing of the truck door handle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of the door handle produced by the embodiment of the application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a sectional view of the bottom plate of the embodiment of the application;

[0029] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged view of A in FIG. 4;

[0030] Figure 5 is a sectional view of the top plate of the embodiment of the application;

[0031] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the enlarged view of B in FIG. 5;

[0032] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the connecting hole of the embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the discharge groove of the embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 9 isFigure 8 Enlarged view of a detail at C;

[0035] Figure 10 is Figure 8 Enlarged view of a detail at D.

[0036] Legend:

[0037] 1, workbench; 11, first hydraulic oil cylinder;

[0038] 2, bottom plate; 21, lower mold; 211, placing groove; 212, limiting block; 213, punching groove; 214, cutting groove; 215, first mold; 216, second mold; 217, third mold; 218, connecting hole; 22, discharge groove;

[0039] 3, top plate; 31, upper mold; 311, limiting groove; 312, fourth mold; 313, fifth mold; 314, sixth mold;

[0040] 4, punching assembly; 41, second hydraulic oil cylinder; 42, punching head;

[0041] 5, cutting assembly; 51, third hydraulic oil cylinder; 52, cutting head;

[0042] 6, discharge assembly; 61, discharge cylinder; 62, push plate; 63, baffle;

[0043] 7, door handle; 71, hand-held part; 73, mounting part; 731, mounting hole;

[0044] 8, connecting assembly; 81, connecting column; 82, connecting pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying Figures 1-10 The present application is further described in detail.

[0046] The embodiment of the present application discloses a punching and shaping mold puncher. The puncher is used for producing a door handle 7 of a truck. Referring to Figure 1 The door handle 7 comprises a hand-held part 71, a connecting part and a mounting part 73, the longitudinal section of the hand-held part 71 and the connecting part are both circular, the connecting part is provided with two connecting parts and is located on both sides of the hand-held part 71. The mounting part 73 is provided with two mounting parts and corresponds to the connecting part one by one, the mounting part 73 is located at the end of the connecting part far away from the hand-held part 71, the mounting part 73 is a flat structure, and the mounting hole 731 penetrating through the mounting part 73 is formed. For the door handles 7 of different sizes, the difference lies in that the lengths of the hand-held parts 71 are different.

[0047] Referring to Figure 2The punching and shaping die stamping machine comprises a workbench 1, a bottom plate 2 and a top plate 3. The bottom plate 2 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the workbench 1. A first hydraulic oil cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged on the top of the workbench 1 and vertically arranged. The top plate 3 is horizontally arranged on the top of the bottom plate 2 and fixedly connected with the bottom of the movable end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder 11.

[0048] With reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the top of the bottom plate 2 is provided with a lower die 21. The lower die 21 comprises two first dies 215, two second dies 216 and a third die 217. The first die 215 is detachably connected with the bottom plate 2 through bolts. The second die 216 and the third die 217 are both detachably connected with the bottom plate 2 through a connecting assembly 8.

[0049] With reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the bottom of the top plate 3 is provided with an upper die 31. The upper die 31 comprises two fourth dies 312, two fifth dies 313 and a sixth die 314. The fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 are all detachably connected with the top plate 3 through the connecting assembly 8.

[0050] With reference to Figure 7 , the second die 216, the third die 217, the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 are all provided with connecting holes 218. The connecting assembly 8 is provided with a plurality of groups and corresponds to the connecting holes 218 one by one. The connecting assembly 8 comprises connecting columns 81 and connecting pins 82. The connecting columns 81 are fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2 or the top plate 3. The connecting pins 82 are adapted to the connecting holes 218 and are threadedly connected with the connecting columns 81.

[0051] The second die 216, the third die 217, the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 are supported by the connecting columns 81, and then the connecting pins 82 are fixedly connected with the connecting columns 81 through threads, so as to realize the detachable connection between the second die 216, the third die 217 and the bottom plate 2 and the detachable connection between the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313, the sixth die 314 and the top plate 3.

[0052] With reference to Figure 4 and Figure 6 , the first die 215, the second die 216, the third die 217, the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 are all provided with placing grooves 211. It should be noted that the placing grooves 211 on the first die 215 and the fourth die 312 are adapted to the mounting portions 73 of the door handle 7. The placing grooves 211 on the second die 216 and the fifth die 313 are adapted to the connecting portions of the door handle 7. The placing grooves 211 on the third die 217 and the sixth die 314 are adapted to the hand-holding portions 71 of the door handle 7.

[0053] When the door handle 7 is processed, the operator places the pipe in the placing groove 211 in the first mold 215, the second mold 216 and the third mold 217, and then drives the top plate 3 downward by using the first hydraulic oil cylinder 11, so as to drive the fourth mold 312, the fifth mold 313 and the sixth mold 314 to move downward, and the fifth mold 313 and the sixth mold 314 are respectively covered on the top of the second mold 216 and the third mold 217, so as to fix the pipe in the placing groove 211. Under the action of the first mold 215 and the fourth mold 312, the end of the pipe is flattened to form the mounting part 73 of the door handle 7.

[0054] Since the upper mold 31 is divided into the first mold 215, the second mold 216 and the third mold 217, the lower mold 21 is correspondingly divided into the fourth mold 312, the fifth mold 313 and the sixth mold 314, and the first mold 215, the second mold 216 and the third mold 217 are detachably connected with the bottom plate 2, and the fourth mold 312, the fifth mold 313 and the sixth mold 314 are detachably connected with the top plate 3. When the door handle 7 of different sizes is produced, the first mold 215, the second mold 216, the fourth mold 312 and the fifth mold 313 can be disassembled and replaced, and the placing groove 211 of different positions is arranged on different mold accessories, so that the door handle 7 of different sizes can be produced.

[0055] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the first mold 215 is vertically provided with a punching groove 213.

[0056] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 10 , the workbench 1 is provided with a punching assembly 4, and the punching assembly 4 comprises a second hydraulic oil cylinder 41 and a punching head 42. The fixed end of the second hydraulic oil cylinder 41 is fixedly arranged on the top of the fourth mold 312, and the movable end of the second hydraulic oil cylinder 41 is vertically arranged on the fourth mold 312. The fourth mold 312 is vertically provided with a first sliding groove. The punching head 42 is slidably arranged in the first sliding groove and fixedly connected with the bottom of the movable end of the second hydraulic oil cylinder 41, and the punching head 42 is matched with the punching groove 213.

[0057] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the first mold 215 is vertically provided with a cutting groove 214.

[0058] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 10The workbench 1 is provided with a cutting assembly 5, which comprises a third hydraulic oil cylinder 51 and a cutting head 52. The fixed end of the third hydraulic oil cylinder 51 is fixedly arranged at the top of the fourth die 312, and the movable end of the third hydraulic oil cylinder 51 is vertically arranged on the fourth die 312. A second sliding groove is vertically arranged on the fourth die 312. The cutting head 52 is slidingly arranged in the second sliding groove and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the movable end of the third hydraulic oil cylinder 51. The cutting head 52 is matched with the cutting groove 214.

[0059] Referring to Figure 8 A discharging groove 22 is horizontally arranged on the bottom plate 2, and the punching groove 213 and the cutting groove 214 are communicated with the discharging groove 22. The discharging assembly 6 is arranged on the bottom plate 2, which comprises a discharging cylinder 61, a push plate 62 and a baffle 63. The discharging cylinder 61 is horizontally arranged in the discharging groove 22, and the fixed end of the discharging cylinder 61 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2. The push plate 62 is slidingly arranged in the discharging groove 22, and the sliding direction of the push plate 62 is the same as the length direction of the discharging groove 22. The push plate 62 is fixedly connected with the movable end of the discharging cylinder 61. The baffle 63 is located at the opening of the discharging groove 22 and is located on the side of the bottom plate 2 away from the discharging cylinder 61. The baffle 63 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2.

[0060] After the pipe is placed in the placing groove 211 and the mounting part 73 of the door handle 7 is formed, the second hydraulic oil cylinder 41 is started to drive the punching head 42 to move downward to punch the pipe, and a mounting hole 731 is punched on the mounting part 73 of the door handle 7. After the punching is completed, the third hydraulic oil cylinder 51 is started to drive the cutting head 52 to move downward to cut the end of the pipe, so that the end of the pipe forms a smooth arc surface, and the door handle 7 is processed. The waste left by punching falls into the discharging groove 22 through the punching groove 213, and the waste left by cutting falls into the discharging groove 22 through the cutting groove 214. The operator starts the discharging cylinder 61 regularly, and the discharging cylinder 61 drives the push plate 62 to slide quickly, so as to push the waste in the discharging groove 22 to the direction close to the baffle 63, and the waste falls to the front of the workbench 1 under the action of the baffle 63, which is convenient for the operator to clean up.

[0061] A plurality of limiting blocks 212 are fixedly arranged on the first die 215, the second die 216 and the third die 217, and the limiting blocks 212 are located on both sides of the placing groove 211. A plurality of limiting grooves 311 are arranged on the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314, and the limiting grooves 311 are also located on both sides of the placing groove 211. The limiting blocks 212 and the limiting grooves 311 correspond to each other, the limiting blocks 212 are matched with the limiting grooves 311, the top of the limiting block 212 is a trapezoidal structure, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases in the vertically upward direction.

[0062] Referring to Figure 2When the first hydraulic cylinder 11 drives the top plate 3 to move downward, the limiting block 212 can limit the pipe placed in the placing groove 211, and the top of the limiting block 212 enters the limiting groove 311 first, limiting the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314, so that the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 can be placed on the top of the first die 215, the second die 216 and the third die 217.

[0063] The implementation principle of the punching and shaping die stamping machine is as follows:

[0064] When the door handle 7 is processed, the operator first places the pipe in the placing groove 211 in the first die 215, the second die 216 and the third die 217, and then drives the top plate 3 to move downward by using the first hydraulic cylinder 11, so that the fourth die 312, the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 move downward, and the fifth die 313 and the sixth die 314 are respectively placed on the top of the second die 216 and the third die 217, so as to fix the pipe in the placing groove 211. During the downward movement of the top plate 3, the end of the pipe is flattened to form the mounting portion 73 of the door handle 7 under the action of the first die 215 and the fourth die 312.

[0065] After the mounting portion 73 of the door handle 7 is formed, the operator starts the second hydraulic cylinder 41 to drive the punching head 42 to move downward to punch the pipe, and the mounting hole 731 is punched on the mounting portion 73 of the door handle 7. After punching, the third hydraulic cylinder 51 is started to drive the cutting head 52 to move downward to cut the end of the pipe, so that the end of the pipe forms a smooth arc surface, and the processing of the door handle 7 is completed.

[0066] The waste left by punching falls into the discharge groove 22 through the punching groove 213, and the waste left by cutting falls into the discharge groove 22 through the cutting groove 214. The operator regularly starts the discharge cylinder 61, and the discharge cylinder 61 drives the push plate 62 to slide quickly, so as to push the waste in the discharge groove 22 to the direction close to the baffle 63, and the waste falls in front of the workbench 1 under the action of the baffle 63, which is convenient for the operator to clean up.

[0067] When different sizes of door handles 7 need to be processed, the operator can disassemble and replace the first die 215, the second die 216, the fourth die 312 and the fifth die 313, and different placing grooves 211 are arranged on different die accessories, so as to realize the processing and production of different sizes of door handles 7.

[0068] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A punching and shaping die press for flattening, punching and cutting pipe fittings, characterized by: The invention comprises a workbench (1), a bottom plate (2), a top plate (3), a punching assembly (4) and a cutting assembly (5); the bottom plate (2) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (1); the top plate (3) is located on the top of the bottom plate (2); a first hydraulic oil cylinder (11) is fixedly arranged on the top of the workbench (1), and the movable end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the top plate (3); a lower mold (21) is arranged on the bottom plate (2); an upper mold (31) is arranged on the top plate (3); mutually adapted placement grooves (211) are provided on the upper mold (31) and the lower mold (21); the punching assembly (4) is arranged on the upper mold (31) and is used for punching pipe fittings; the cutting assembly (5) is arranged on the upper mold (31) and is used for cutting the end of the pipe fitting.

2. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper mold (31) is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves (311), and the limiting grooves (311) are located on both sides of the placement groove (211); the lower mold (21) is provided with a plurality of limiting blocks (212), and the limiting blocks (212) correspond to the limiting grooves (311) one by one. The limiting blocks (212) are also fixedly provided on both sides of the placement groove (211), and the limiting blocks (212) are adapted to the limiting grooves (311).

3. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower die (21) is provided with a punching slot (213); the punching assembly (4) comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (41) and a punching head (42); the fixed end of the second hydraulic cylinder (41) is fixedly arranged on the upper die (31); the punching head (42) is fixedly arranged on the movable end of the second hydraulic cylinder (41), and the punching head (42) is adapted to the punching slot (213).

4. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower mold (21) is provided with a cutting groove (214); the cutting assembly (5) comprises a third hydraulic cylinder (51) and a cutting head (52); the fixed end of the third hydraulic cylinder (51) is fixedly arranged on the upper mold (31); the cutting head (52) is fixedly arranged on the movable end of the third hydraulic cylinder (51), and the cutting head (52) is adapted to the cutting groove (214).

5. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A discharge groove (22) is provided on the bottom plate (2), and the discharge groove (22) is communicated with the punching groove (213) and the cutting groove (214); a discharge assembly (6) is provided on the bottom plate (2), and the discharge assembly (6) includes a discharge cylinder (61) and a push plate (62); the fixed end of the discharge cylinder (61) is fixedly arranged in the discharge groove (22); the push plate (62) is slidably arranged in the discharge groove (22) and is fixedly connected to the movable end of the discharge cylinder (61).

6. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The discharge assembly (6) further comprises a baffle (63), the baffle (63) being located at the notch of the discharge trough (22) and at a side of the bottom plate (2) away from the discharge cylinder (61), and the baffle (63) being fixedly connected to the bottom plate (2).

7. The punching and shaping die punching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower mold (21) includes a first mold (215), a second mold (216) and a third mold (217); the first mold (215), the second mold (216) and the third mold (217) are all detachably connected to the bottom plate (2); the upper mold (31) includes a fourth mold (312), a fifth mold (313) and a sixth mold (314); the fourth mold (312), the fifth mold (313) and the sixth mold (314) are all detachably connected to the top plate (3).

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