Adjustable laser cutting head applied to TBM cutter head in coupling mode

Abstract

The utility model discloses an adjustable laser cutting head applied to a TBM cutter head in a coupling mode. The adjustable laser cutting head is characterized by comprising a shell, an optical lens set and a lens set rotation assembly, wherein the optical lens set and the lens set rotation assembly are arranged in the shell; the shell is fastened on the cutterhead; the lens group rotation assembly comprises a rotating disc assembly and a rotating disc driving part. A turntable is arranged on the turntable assembly; the turntable is provided with a rotating position, and a lens mounting through hole is formed in the center of the rotating position; the lenses are mounted on the lens mounting through holes; a lens can not be mounted during transposition according to needs; the rotating disc driving part drives the rotating disc assembly to rotate by a certain angle relative to the shell, so that the lens mounting through holes in one group of rotating positions or the lenses mounted on the lens mounting through holes alternatively participate in laser beam forming, and the composition and parameters of the optical lens group are changed. The power density distribution characteristic of laser beams can be adjusted, even real-time switching between distributed laser and traditional laser can be achieved, and the efficient cutting requirements of different rock stratums are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a laser cutting head, especially to a adjustable laser cutting head coupled and applied to TBM cutterhead. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing straight circular laser (hereinafter referred to as conventional laser) can be applied to the mineral energy drilling and mining field such as oil and natural gas. Under the vertical irradiation of the conventional laser, the rock mass absorbs a large amount of energy in a short time, which further causes the rock to crack, melt and gasify, and produces macroscopic damage morphology such as holes, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling into the rock layer. However, due to the excessive concentration of the power density of the conventional laser, combined with the non-homogeneous nature of natural rock, poor thermal conductivity and the failure to completely blow off the molten rock, a large amount of molten rock is produced at the local position of the rock mass, which will cool and solidify on the outer wall of the macroscopic damage morphology to form a smooth glassy covering layer (hereinafter referred to as glass enamel). Studies have shown that due to the existence of the glass enamel, the conventional laser rock breaking technology still has the following limitations: 1) With the increase of laser power, the laser energy efficiency and rock breaking effect no longer increase significantly, because a large amount of glass enamel not only reduces the macroscopic rock breaking effect of the laser (such as its width and depth), but also inhibits the transmission of laser energy to the deep part of the rock layer; 2) The glass enamel has the effect of an adhesive, continuously bonding the generated rock cracks, so it is not conducive to the extension and intersection of macro and micro cracks, reducing the rock breaking effect.

[0003] In addition to simply cutting and breaking rocks by using traditional laser technology, the technology can be applied to large cutting rock (coal, carbon, mine) layer equipment (hereinafter referred to as cutting equipment) such as TBM, excavating anchor machine, drilling and tunneling machine, and open-pit mining machine, but the related research is still in the principle verification stage. Taking TBM as an example, the traditional laser coupling is applied to the TBM cutter head, and the following challenges still exist: 1) The geological conditions of the rock layer where the TBM is located are complex and changeable, and there are various types of rocks on the tunnel face, and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks differ greatly. However, the type, size, size parameter, mirror distance and object distance (hereinafter referred to as mirror object distance) of the optical lens group of the existing traditional laser cutting head are fixed, so it is difficult to flexibly adapt to the efficient cutting demand in different rock layers; 2) In order to match the cutting groove depth and cutting groove speed of the continuous laser with the penetration depth (cutting depth) and rolling rock breaking linear speed of the continuous rotation and rolling rock breaking of the traditional rolling cutter, it is necessary to greatly increase the laser power. However, for some rock layers, this will further aggravate the generation of glass glaze, and the following adverse consequences will occur: on the one hand, a large amount of glass glaze adheres to the tunnel face after cooling, which re-bonded the macro and micro cracks of the rock under the action of thermal stress and mechanical stress, thereby inhibiting the expansion and intersection of the lateral cracks between adjacent rolling cutters, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency; on the other hand, glass glaze is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, so its hardness is higher than that of the original rock, and after breaking, it will act as an abrasive grain at the cutter-rock contact interface, thereby increasing the wear rate of the cutter. Therefore, the light beam forming principle needs to be adjusted in real time according to the tunneling rock layer, so as to fundamentally change the laser power density distribution characteristics of the traditional laser, thereby inhibiting the generation of glass glaze. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of adjustable laser cutting head coupled and applied to TBM cutter head, it is characterized by:

[0005] Including shell, optical lens group and mirror group rotation component being arranged in shell;Shell is fastened to cutter head;

[0006] Mirror group rotation component includes rotary disc component and rotary disc driving part;Rotary disc component is provided with rotary disc;Rotary disc is provided with index, and mirror lens mounting through hole is opened in the center of index;Mirror lens is mounted on mirror lens mounting through hole;Index can not be mounted mirror lens according to need;Rotary disc driving part drives rotary disc component to rotate a certain angle relative to shell, so that the mirror lens mounting through hole or the mirror lens mounted on it on a group of index selectively participate in laser beam forming, so as to change the composition and parameters of optical lens group;The primary focused light beam generated by laser cutting machine host is incident to optical lens group from one end of shell, and then emitted from the other end of shell.

[0007] As preferred, rotary disc driving part is motor.

[0008] As preferred, rotary disc component has not less than two coaxial rotary discs.

[0009] More preferably, the rotating disc is fastened into a whole through screw connection.

[0010] More preferably, the rotating disc is provided with no less than 3 rotating positions.

[0011] More preferably, the rotating positions are arranged in a circumferential symmetry about the central axis of the rotating disc assembly.

[0012] More preferably, the rotating positions of the rotating disc in the upper layer correspond one by one to the rotating positions of the rotating disc in the lower layer and are coaxial.

[0013] More preferably, the convex lens is fixedly installed in the shell; the rotating disc assembly is arranged at the exit end of the convex lens; the open-hole concave lens of different specifications is clamped on the lens mounting through hole of the rotating position of the uppermost rotating disc; the open-hole convex lens of different specifications is clamped on the lens mounting through hole of the rotating position of the remaining rotating disc in the lower layer; the rotating disc driving member drives the rotating disc assembly to rotate by a certain angle relative to the shell, so that a group of rotating positions are coaxial with the convex lens, thereby forming a group of optical lens groups participating in laser beam shaping.

[0014] The utility model has the advantages that:

[0015] 1) The power density distribution characteristics of the laser beam can be adjusted, and even real-time switching between distributed laser and traditional laser can be realized, thereby meeting the efficient cutting demand of different rock layers;

[0016] 2) The beam shaping principle is adjusted in real time according to the rock stratum being excavated, thereby fundamentally changing the laser power density distribution characteristics of the traditional laser, and thereby inhibiting the generation of glass glaze;

[0017] 3) The structure is compact, and the manufacturing, installation and maintenance are convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the utility model, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a laser cutting head;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional explosion schematic diagram of Figure 1

[0021] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional explosion diagram of the lens group rotation assembly in Figure 2

[0022] ​​Figure 4 For Figure 3 Three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the middle-aperture concave lens;

[0023] Figure 5 For the top view of the middle-aperture concave lens as Figure 4 shown;

[0024] Figure 6 For the sectional view of the aperture concave lens after being cut along the A-A section as Figure 5 shown;

[0025] Figure 7 For Figure 3 Three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the middle-aperture convex lens;

[0026] Figure 8 For the top view of the middle-aperture convex lens as Figure 7 shown;

[0027] Figure 9 For the sectional view of the aperture convex lens after being cut along the A-A section as Figure 8 shown;

[0028] Figure 10 For the comparison diagram of the beam shaping principle of the optical lens group embedded in the laser cutting head and the conventional laser cutting head;

[0029] Figure 11 For the heat source diagram formed on the rock surface under the simulation of the conventional laser irradiation;

[0030] Figure 12 For the heat source diagram formed on the rock surface under the simulation of the distributed laser irradiation;

[0031] Figure 13 For the beam power density distribution diagram of the distributed laser and the conventional laser;

[0032] Figure 14 For the comparison diagram of the beam shaping principle of the optical lens group embedded in the laser cutting head (after the preferred scheme is adopted) and the conventional laser cutting head.

[0033] Reference signs:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present application in combination with the above-mentioned drawings. Specific embodiments

[0037] In order to enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present application to be clearer, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below through the drawings and embodiments.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1 to 14 , all the drawings provided by the present application. Embodiment one:

[0042] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 10 , a laser cutting head is provided, characterized in that:

[0043] The laser cutting head comprises a shell and an optical lens group.

[0044] The optical lens group is arranged in the shell.

[0045] The optical lens group comprises a convex lens (4) and a perforated concave lens (332); the convex lens (4) and the perforated concave lens (332) are coaxially arranged at a certain distance l1 apart; the perforated concave lens (332) is provided with a through hole with a diameter d4 at the center; the perforated concave lens is arranged at a certain distance l2 apart from the surface of the rock.

[0046] Before the beam shaping principle of the laser cutting head, it is necessary to introduce the beam shaping principle of the traditional laser. Take

[0047] E1039M type laser cutting machine as an example; in the mainframe of the laser cutting machine, first by the CO2 laser generator (not drawn) to generate the initial beam (not drawn), which in turn via light pipe (not drawn) and bellows (not drawn) output stable beam (not drawn); then, the stable beam in turn through the phase shifter (not drawn) and reflector (not drawn) for guidance, and through the focusing lens (not drawn) to generate a preliminary focus beam (5); the traditional laser cutting head is installed on the three-axis walking mechanism (also known as the moving beam, not drawn) of the laser cutting machine; as shown in Figure 10 , the preliminary focus beam (5) is incident into the convex lens (4) provided in the traditional laser cutting head via the conducting optical fiber (not drawn), and finally focused to generate a traditional laser beam with a diameter of d1; as shown in Figure 10 , the convex lens (4) is a certain distance L away from the rock surface; the traditional laser beam will form a circular spot with an outer diameter of d1 on the laser-irradiated rock surface, as shown in Figure 13 ; as shown in Figure 11 , the heat source diagram formed on the rock surface under the traditional laser irradiation is simulated; as shown in Figure 11 , the power density distribution in the circular spot area is highly concentrated.

[0048] Unlike the traditional laser cutting head, as described above, the convex lens (4) and the open hole concave lens (332) are sequentially arranged in the laser cutting head; when the traditional laser beam with a diameter of d1 is transmitted to the open hole concave lens (332), if d4 ∈ (0, d1), then the traditional laser beam with a diameter not greater than d4 can directly pass through the through hole of the open hole concave lens (332). According to the principle of light propagation, the power density distribution characteristics of the light beam directly passing through the through hole remain unchanged, that is, it is still the traditional laser; the traditional laser beam will form a circular spot with an outer diameter of d4 on the laser-irradiated rock surface, as shown in Figure 13 ; while the remaining part of the traditional laser with a diameter exceeding d4 generates a conical cylindrical refracted beam after refraction through the solid area of the concave lens, which will form a ring-shaped spot with an outer diameter of d2 on the laser-irradiated rock surface, as shown in Figure 13 ; as shown in Figure 12 , the heat source diagram formed on the rock surface under the distributed laser irradiation is simulated; as shown in Figure 12 , the power density in the circular spot with an outer diameter of d4 is highly concentrated, while the power density in the ring-shaped spot area decreases with the increase of the radial distance (that is, the distance between any point and the center of the optical lens group), so the power density no longer has the highly focused distribution characteristics; the traditional laser beam directly passing through the through hole and the refracted beam generated by refraction through the solid area of the concave lens are collectively referred to as distributed laser beam.

[0049] As preferred, the aperture concave lens (332) is a spherical concave lens; more specifically, as shown in Figures 4 to 6 the outer diameter d5 of the spherical concave lens is 10 mm, the lens thickness T1 is 3.8 mm, the spherical curvature SR is 6.46 mm, and the height T2 of the spherical bottom from the upper surface of the lens is 1.5 mm. Specific embodiment two:

[0051] Simulation studies show that the outer diameter d2 of the annular light spot decreases as the distance l2 increases. Considering that in engineering practice, the rock surface is often uneven, which will cause the distance l2 to fluctuate when the laser cutting head is working. In order to eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the distance l2 on the power density distribution characteristics of the annular light spot, and to ensure the stability of the laser rock breaking performance, as preferred, as shown in Figure 14 the optical lens group further includes an aperture convex lens (333); the aperture convex lens (333) is coaxially arranged after the aperture concave lens (332) with a distance l4; the aperture convex lens (333) is spaced apart from the rock surface by a distance l5; a through hole with a diameter d4 is also formed in the center of the aperture convex lens (333); by reasonably adjusting the distance l4 and the distance l5, the conical cylindrical refracted light beam with an outer diameter d3 can be changed into a cylindrical parallel light beam; the outer diameter d3 of the cylindrical parallel light beam does not change with the change of the distance l5; in other words, the heat source distribution characteristics of the light spot formed on the rock surface by the cylindrical parallel light beam theoretically do not change with the fluctuation of the distance l5; as mentioned before, the characteristics of the traditional laser beam with a diameter not greater than d4 remain unchanged. Figure 14

[0052] More preferably, as shown in Figures 7 to 9 the aperture convex lens (334) is a spherical plano-convex lens with an outer diameter d6 of 25.4 mm, a lens thickness T3 of 4.3 mm, and a spherical curvature SR of 70 mm. Specific embodiment three:

[0054] The rock lithology and its physical and mechanical properties in the tunneling rock stratum are diverse. In order to meet the efficient cutting needs of different rock strata, on the basis of specific embodiment two, it is necessary to further adjust the geometric size parameters (such as the size of the aperture d4) of the aperture concave lens (332) and the aperture convex lens (333), and adjust the distance l4, or even add or remove the aperture concave lens (332) and the aperture convex lens (333) in the light beam propagation path, to adjust the power density distribution characteristics of the laser cutting head output laser beam. For this purpose, as preferred, the laser cutting head further includes a lens group rotation assembly (33) as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 the lens group rotation assembly (33) includes a rotating disc assembly (331) and a rotating disc driving member; ​

[0055] The rotating disc assembly (331) has not less than two layers of coaxial rotating discs; each layer of rotating disc is provided with the same number of positions, and the positions of the rotating disc in the upper layer and the rotating disc in the lower layer are in one-to-one correspondence and coaxial; the positions are arranged in a circumferential symmetry about the central axis of the rotating disc assembly (331), and the center of the position is provided with a lens mounting through hole; the open concave lens (332) with different geometric size parameters is clamped on the lens mounting through hole of the position of the uppermost rotating disc; accordingly, the open convex lens (333) with different geometric size parameters is clamped on the position of the lower rotating disc; the position can be not provided with an optical lens according to actual needs, so as to achieve the adjustment of the interval l4, and achieve the purpose of adding or removing the open concave lens (332) and the open convex lens (333) in the light beam propagation path; the rotating disc driving member drives the rotating disc assembly (331) to rotate by a certain angle relative to the shell, so that a group of positions are coaxial with the convex lens (4), thereby forming a new laser beam propagation path.

[0056] In order to facilitate understanding of the adjusting effect of the rotating disc assembly (331) on the power density distribution characteristics of the laser cutting head output laser beam, it is assumed that the rotating disc assembly (331) has three layers of rotating discs (not shown); each layer of rotating disc has 5 positions; it is assumed that the rotating disc assembly (331) has the following arrangement schemes of several groups of optical lenses:

[0057] The first group: the optical lenses installed from top to bottom are: the open concave lens (332) with an aperture d4 of 1.4 mm, the open convex lens (333), and no lens;

[0058] The second group: the optical lenses installed from top to bottom are: the open concave lens (332) with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, the open convex lens (333), and no lens;

[0059] The third group: the optical lenses installed from top to bottom are: the open concave lens (332) with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, no lens, and the open convex lens (333);

[0060] The fourth group: the optical lenses installed from top to bottom are: the open concave lens (332) with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, no lens, and no lens;

[0061] The fifth group: the optical lenses installed from top to bottom are: no lens, no lens, and no lens.

[0062] From the first group to the second group, the adjustment of the aperture d4 is realized; from the second group to the third group, the adjustment of the beam diameter d3 is realized by adjusting the interval l4; from the third group to the fourth group, the light beam propagation path shown on the right side is switched to; Figure 14 from the fourth group to the fifth group, the light beam propagation path shown on the left side is switched to; Figure 10 Figure 14 ​The light beam propagation path shown on the left side, that is, the traditional laser can be generated.

[0063] In this example, more specifically, as shown in Figure 3 , the turntable assembly (331) includes two layers of upper turntable (3311) and lower turntable (3312); the upper turntable (3311) and the lower turntable (3312) are fastened into a whole through studs (3313) and screws II (3314); each layer of turntable has three positions; the turntable driving member is selected as motor II (23); the output shaft of motor II (23) is connected with the turntable assembly (331) through a rotating connection sleeve (334). Specific embodiment four:

[0065] In order to facilitate manufacturing, installation and maintenance, as a preferred, the shell of the laser cutting head adopts split structure; the shell includes upper shell assembly (2) and lower shell assembly (3); the upper shell assembly (2) is mainly used for accommodating most of the mirror distance adjusting assembly (24) (such as Figure 3 The transmission assembly in the above is arranged in the lower shell assembly (3)), including upper front shell (21) and upper rear shell (22); the upper front shell (21) and the upper rear shell (22) are fastened into a whole through fastening screws; the lower shell assembly is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the upper shell assembly; the lower shell assembly (3) is mainly used for accommodating most of the mirror group rotation assembly (33) (such as Figure 3 The turntable driving member in the above is arranged in the upper shell assembly (2)), including cover shell (31) and side support plate (32); the cover shell (31) and the side support plate (32) are fastened into a whole through screws. Specific embodiment five:

[0067] It is worth mentioning that the shell of the laser cutting head is fastened on the three-axis walking mechanism (also known as the moving beam) of the main machine part of the traditional laser cutting machine through the mounting plate (1) as shown in Figure 1 , using screws (not numbered), thereby forming a new type of distributed laser cutting machine for cutting and breaking rocks by using the laser cutting head. Of course, in order to assist the cutting equipment to break rocks efficiently, the laser cutting head can also be installed on the cutting part of the cutting equipment. Taking TBM as an example, the shell of the laser cutting head is installed on the TBM cutter head (not shown) through the mounting plate (1) as shown in Figure 1 .

[0068] In the utility model, it should be understood that the disclosed components and structures can be realized by other ways. It is obvious for those skilled in the field that the utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the utility model can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the utility model. Therefore, no matter from which point, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims instead of the above description, therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the utility model. Any figure reference in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the involved claims. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural.

[0069] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the utility model and not limit it, and although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical scheme of the utility model can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the utility model.

[0070] In the several specific embodiments provided by the utility model, it should be understood that the disclosed system and components can be realized by other ways. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the utility model can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the utility model. Therefore, no matter from which point, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims instead of the above description, therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the utility model. Any figure reference in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the involved claims. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. The plurality of units or devices stated in the system claim can also be realized by the same unit or device through software or hardware. The words "first", "second" and the like are used to indicate names and not any particular order.

[0071] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the utility model and not limit it, and although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical scheme of the utility model can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the utility model.

Claims

1. An adjustable laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutter head, comprising: a housing, an optical lens group arranged in the housing, and a lens group switching assembly; the housing is fastened to the cutter head; the lens group switching assembly comprises a rotating disc assembly and a rotating disc driving member; the rotating disc assembly is provided with a rotating disc; the rotating disc is provided with a rotating position, and a lens mounting hole is formed in the center of the rotating position; a lens is mounted on the lens mounting hole; the rotating position can be mounted with or without a lens according to requirements; the rotating disc driving member drives the rotating disc assembly to rotate by a certain angle relative to the housing, so that the lens mounting hole or the lens mounted thereon on a group of rotating positions selectively participates in laser beam shaping, thereby changing the composition and parameters of the optical lens group; and a primary focused beam generated by a laser cutting machine host is incident on the optical lens group through one end of the housing and then emitted from the other end of the housing. The rotating disc driving member is a motor. The rotating disc assembly has not less than two coaxial rotating discs.

2. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 1, wherein: The rotating discs are fastened into a whole by a threaded connection.

3. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 1, wherein: The rotating disc is provided with not less than three rotating positions.

4. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 3, wherein: The rotating positions are arranged circumferentially symmetrically about the central axis of the rotating disc assembly.

5. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 4, wherein: The rotating positions of the rotating disc in the upper layer correspond one-to-one to the rotating positions of the rotating disc in the lower layer and are coaxial.

6. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 5, wherein: A convex lens is fixedly mounted in the housing; the rotating disc assembly is arranged at the exit end of the convex lens; different specifications of open hole concave lenses are clamped on the lens mounting holes of the rotating positions of the uppermost rotating disc; different specifications of open hole convex lenses are clamped on the lens mounting holes of the rotating positions of the rotating discs in the lower layers; and the rotating disc driving member drives the rotating disc assembly to rotate by a certain angle relative to the housing, so that a group of rotating positions are coaxial with the convex lens, thereby forming a group of optical lens groups and participating in laser beam shaping.

7. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 6, wherein: ​ 8. The adjustable laser cutting head for coupling to a TBM cutterhead of claim 7, wherein: ​

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