Basement ventilation shaft structure

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structures, and particularly discloses a basement ventilation shaft structure. A ventilation shaft of the structure is vertically arranged on one side of an underground fan room and communicated with the underground fan room, and a basement top plate is arranged at the top end of the underground fan room; the transverse air duct is transversely arranged between a basement top plate and a ground structure or transversely arranged below the ground structure on one side of the basement top plate, the vertical ventilation opening is vertically arranged above or on one side of the basement top plate and communicated with the outside, and the two ends of the transverse air duct are communicated with the ventilation shaft and the vertical ventilation opening respectively. The shutter is arranged at the top end of the vertical ventilation opening and is higher than the ground. By reasonably arranging the ventilation shaft structure, the influence of the ventilation shaft outlet on the upper building and the outdoor general drawing arrangement is effectively solved, so that the ground position of the basement ventilation shaft can be flexibly selected according to the upper building and the outdoor general drawing arrangement; the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in construction, flexibility in arrangement and small influence on the existing building.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structure, specifically relates to a basement ventilation shaft structure which is simple in structure, convenient to construct, flexible to arrange and has little influence on existing buildings. BACKGROUND

[0002] Underground garage, underground market, air-raid shelter and other underground facilities will accumulate water vapor, carbon dioxide, exhaust gas and other unsafe factors. In order to ensure safety, ventilation channels are set according to needs in engineering design, and the ventilation shaft is one of the ventilation facilities of the basement.

[0003] At present, the basement is designed according to the Building Design Fire Code to design air inlet and smoke outlet and other ventilation pipes. The conventional design ventilation shaft is generally set in the ventilation machine room of the basement, then directly leads to the first floor of the upper building along the side wall of the ventilation machine room, and then communicates with the ground space through the building outer wall, or directly communicates with the ground space through the vertical shaft according to the position of the ventilation machine room. That is, it is a straight upward channel structure, like a well, so it is called a ventilation shaft. However, the first ventilation shaft structure penetrating the first floor of the upper building communicates with the ground space through the building outer wall, which has adverse effects on the function and facade modeling of the first floor building. The second ventilation shaft structure penetrating the top plate of the basement to communicate with the ground space, the ventilation shaft directly vertically to the ground, so that the vertical shaft of the ventilation shaft exposed to the ground is easy to interfere with the outdoor road, activity area and outdoor landscape of the building, thereby adversely affecting the outdoor road, activity area and outdoor landscape of the building.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to solve the problems existing in the basement ventilation shaft structure, there are technical solutions of brushing a paint layer on the side wall of the vertical shaft of the ventilation shaft exposed to the ground, and shaping the vertical shaft, so that the vertical shaft and the outdoor landscape are integrated through color, material and shape, and the adverse effects of the ventilation shaft on the outdoor landscape are improved. However, since the ventilation shaft is directly exposed to the ground, there is still a problem of interference with the outdoor road and activity area of the building.

[0005] At present, most of the basement ventilation shafts cannot better solve the problem of the influence of the structure exposed to the ground on the existing building. Therefore, how to avoid the adverse effects of the ventilation shaft on the plane use function, facade modeling and outdoor general layout of the upper first floor building is one of the key problems that designers are troubled by in the current design of the basement ventilation structure. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0006] The basement ventilation well structure has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, flexible arrangement, small influence on existing buildings and the like.

[0007] The basement ventilation well structure is achieved by the following technical scheme: the basement ventilation well structure comprises an underground fan room, a ventilation shaft, and a basement roof, the ventilation shaft is vertically arranged on one side of the underground fan room and is in communication with the underground fan room, the basement roof is arranged at the top end of the underground fan room, and the top end of the ventilation shaft is higher than the basement roof.

[0008] The basement ventilation well structure further comprises a horizontal air duct, a vertical ventilation opening, and a louver, the horizontal air duct is horizontally arranged between the basement roof and a ground structure or below the ground structure on one side of the basement roof, the vertical ventilation opening is vertically arranged above or on one side of the basement roof and is in communication with the outside, the two ends of the horizontal air duct are in communication with the ventilation shaft and the vertical ventilation opening respectively, and the louver is arranged at the top end of the vertical ventilation opening and is higher than the ground.

[0009] Further, the horizontal air duct and the ventilation shaft are integrally casted by reinforced concrete.

[0010] Further, a soil covering layer is arranged above the horizontal air duct, and the top end opening of the vertical ventilation opening is higher than the upper surface of the soil covering layer.

[0011] Further, the top end opening of the vertical ventilation opening is 10-30 cm higher than the upper surface of the soil covering layer.

[0012] Further, the upper surface and the side surface of the horizontal air duct and the upper surface of the basement roof are respectively provided with waterproof layers, and the outer side surface of the vertical ventilation opening is also provided with a waterproof layer which is not lower than the upper surface of the soil covering layer.

[0013] Further, the waterproof layer comprises a waterproof film at the bottom and a mortar layer on the surface, the waterproof film is formed by brushing and curing of acrylic waterproof paint or is formed by laying of waterproof coiled material, and the mortar layer is formed by hardening of waterproof mortar.

[0014] Further, the horizontal air duct is horizontally arranged or is inclined upward from the side of the ventilation shaft to the side of the vertical ventilation opening, and the horizontal air duct is a straight air duct or a bent air duct.

[0015] Further, the vertical ventilation opening is of a rectangular structure, the louver is fixedly arranged on the four sides of the top end rectangular opening of the vertical ventilation opening respectively, and a top cover is fixedly arranged on the top of the louver on the top end rectangular opening of the vertical ventilation opening.

[0016] Furthermore, the top cover is a precast concrete panel, a skylight panel or a solar panel, and the top rectangular opening corners of the vertical vents are fixedly provided with upward extending support columns, the two sides of the blinds are fixedly connected to the adjacent support columns, and the top cover is detachably fixed to the top of the support columns.

[0017] Furthermore, an insect-proof net is fixedly provided on the inner side of the shutter.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] This utility model rationally arranges the ventilation shaft structure, places the transverse air duct above or to one side of the basement roof, and connects one end of the transverse air duct to the ventilation shaft, so that the transverse air duct can be extended to a suitable position according to the layout of the upper building and the outdoor general plan. Then, a vertical vent exposed to the ground is set for ventilation. This not only effectively solves the adverse effects of the existing ventilation shaft outlet on the upper building and the outdoor general plan layout, and improves the flexibility of the basement ventilation shaft layout, but also has a simple ventilation shaft structure and is easy to construct. Therefore, the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient construction, flexible layout, and little impact on existing buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0021] In the figure: 1-underground fan room, 2-ventilation shaft, 3-basement roof, 4-horizontal air duct, 5-vertical vent, 6-louver, 7-covering layer, 8-waterproof layer, 81-waterproof membrane, 82-mortar layer, 9-top cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the basement ventilation shaft structure of the present invention includes an underground fan room 1, a ventilation shaft 2, and a basement roof 3. The ventilation shaft 2 is vertically arranged on one side of the underground fan room 1 and is connected to the underground fan room 1. The basement roof 3 is arranged on the top of the underground fan room 1, and the top of the ventilation shaft 2 is higher than the basement roof 3.

[0024] Further comprising a horizontal air duct 4, a vertical air vent 5, and a louver 6, the horizontal air duct 4 is horizontally arranged between the basement roof 3 and the ground structure, or is horizontally arranged below the ground structure on one side of the basement roof 3, the vertical air vent 5 is vertically arranged above or on one side of the basement roof 3 and is in communication with the outdoor, the two ends of the horizontal air duct 4 are in communication with the ventilation shaft 2 and the vertical air vent 5 respectively, and the louver 6 is arranged at the top end of the vertical air vent 5 and is higher than the ground.

[0025] The horizontal air duct 4 and the ventilation shaft 2 are integrally formed by reinforced concrete. Integrally formed by reinforced concrete not only makes the ventilation shaft structure construction simpler, but also the ventilation shaft can bear the pipeline and the ground vehicle surface, further eliminating the adverse effects of the ventilation shaft on the upper building and the outdoor general layout.

[0026] The top of the horizontal air duct 4 is paved with a soil layer 7, and the top opening of the vertical air vent 5 is higher than the upper surface of the soil layer 7. The soil layer 7 can be used for planting vegetation, thereby increasing the greening area of the community.

[0027] The top opening of the vertical air vent 5 is 10-30 cm higher than the upper surface of the soil layer 7. The appropriate height of the top opening of the vertical air vent 5 can prevent rainwater and soil splashing from entering the ventilation shaft.

[0028] The upper surface and the side surface of the horizontal air duct 4 and the upper surface of the basement roof 3 are respectively provided with a waterproof layer 8, and the outer side of the vertical air vent 5 is also provided with a waterproof layer 8 which is not lower than the upper surface of the soil layer 7.

[0029] The waterproof layer 8 comprises a waterproof film 81 at the bottom and a mortar layer 82 on the surface, the waterproof film 81 is formed by brushing and curing acrylic waterproof paint or is paved by waterproof coiled material, and the mortar layer 82 is hardened by waterproof mortar. The waterproof film 81 and the mortar layer 82 jointly improve the waterproof property of the waterproof layer 8.

[0030] The waterproof coiled material is any one of oil felt, polymer modified asphalt coiled material or synthetic polymer waterproof coiled material.

[0031] An exhaust fan (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the horizontal air duct 4.

[0032] The horizontal air duct 4 is horizontally arranged or is inclined upward from the side of the ventilation shaft 2 to the side of the vertical air vent 5, and the horizontal air duct 4 is a straight air duct or a bent air duct. The inclined horizontal air duct 4 can reduce the wind resistance therein, and the bent air duct can flexibly avoid the underground pipe column, thereby reducing the adverse effects of the ventilation shaft on the upper first floor building plane use function, the vertical modeling and the outdoor general layout.

[0033] The vertical vent 5 is a rectangular structure, and the shutters 6 are fixedly arranged on four sides of the top rectangular opening of the vertical vent 5. A top cover 9 is fixedly arranged on the top of the shutters 6 on the top rectangular opening of the vertical vent 5.

[0034] The top cover 9 is a precast concrete panel, a skylight panel or a solar panel. The top rectangular opening corners of the vertical vents 5 are fixedly provided with upwardly extending support columns (not shown in the figure). The two sides of the shutters 6 are fixedly connected to the adjacent support columns, and the top cover 9 is detachably fixed to the top of the support columns.

[0035] An insect screen (not shown) is fixedly installed inside the Venetian blinds 6. The insect screen can be any of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or plastic. By installing the insect screen inside the Venetian blinds 6, the blinds 6 can block the passage of larger insects, small animals, and branches and leaves, while also protecting the inner insect screen. The insect screen prevents mosquitoes and small debris from passing through, thus ensuring good ventilation performance for the ventilation shaft while also preventing adverse effects on the basement.

[0036] The construction process of this utility model is as follows:

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, during the construction of the underground fan room 1 in the basement, at least one ventilation shaft 2 extending vertically upward to the top of the basement ceiling 3 is simultaneously installed on the side wall of the underground fan room 1. A transverse air duct 4 is installed between the basement ceiling 3 and the ground structure, or below the ground structure on one side of the basement ceiling 3. The transverse air duct 4 and the ventilation shaft 2 are integrally cast from reinforced concrete. One end of the transverse air duct 4 is connected to the top of the ventilation shaft 2, and the other end extends to a suitable position based on the layout of the superstructure and the outdoor layout. A rectangular vertical vent 5, exposed above the ground, is installed at the appropriate position at the other end of the transverse air duct 4 to provide ventilation, thereby preventing the ventilation shaft outlet from adversely affecting the superstructure and the outdoor layout. Upwardly extending support columns (not shown) are then fixed to the four corners of the vertical vent 5. Louvers 6 are fixedly connected on both sides to adjacent support columns. A top cover 9, fixedly connected to the four support columns, is installed above the louvers 6 (an insect screen is fixed inside the louvers 6, if necessary). Subsequently, acrylic waterproof coating is applied to the upper and side surfaces (and lower surface, if necessary) of the transverse air duct 4, the upper surface of the basement roof 3, and the lower outer surface of the vertical vent 5, forming a waterproof membrane 81. A layer of waterproof mortar is then applied to the surface of the waterproof membrane 81 and cured to form a mortar layer 82. Finally, soil is backfilled onto the waterproof layer 8 of the basement roof 3 and transverse air duct 4 to the required elevation, forming a cover layer 7. This cover layer 7 is then landscaped, completing the construction of the basement ventilation shaft.

[0038] The above merely describes preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any skilled person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A basement ventilation shaft structure, comprising a basement fan room (1), a ventilation shaft (2), and a basement roof (3), wherein the ventilation shaft (2) is vertically arranged on one side of the basement fan room (1) and is in communication with the basement fan room (1), and the basement roof (3) is arranged at the top end of the basement fan room (1), and the top end of the ventilation shaft (2) is higher than the basement roof (3). characterized in that The structure further comprises a horizontal air duct (4), a vertical ventilation opening (5), and a louver (6), wherein the horizontal air duct (4) is horizontally arranged between the basement roof (3) and a ground structure or below the ground structure on one side of the basement roof (3), the vertical ventilation opening (5) is vertically arranged above or on one side of the basement roof (3) and is in communication with the outside, the two ends of the horizontal air duct (4) are in communication with the ventilation shaft (2) and the vertical ventilation opening (5) respectively, and the louver (6) is arranged at the top end of the vertical ventilation opening (5) and is higher than the ground.

2. The basement vent well structure according to claim 1, wherein The horizontal air duct (4) and the ventilation shaft (2) are integrally casted by reinforced concrete.

3. The basement vent well structure according to claim 2, wherein An earth covering layer (7) is arranged above the horizontal air duct (4), and the top opening of the vertical ventilation opening (5) is higher than the upper surface of the earth covering layer (7).

4. The basement vent well structure according to claim 3, wherein The top opening of the vertical ventilation opening (5) is 10-30 cm higher than the upper surface of the earth covering layer (7).

5. The basement vent well structure according to claim 3, wherein The upper surface and the side surface of the horizontal air duct (4) and the upper surface of the basement roof (3) are respectively provided with a waterproof layer (8), and the outer side of the vertical ventilation opening (5) is also provided with a waterproof layer (8) which is not lower than the upper surface of the earth covering layer (7).

6. The basement vent well structure according to claim 5, wherein The waterproof layer (8) comprises a waterproof film (81) at the bottom and a mortar layer (82) on the surface, the waterproof film (81) is brushed and solidified by acrylic waterproof paint or is laid by a waterproof roll material, and the mortar layer (82) is hardened by waterproof mortar.

7. A basement vent structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The horizontal air duct (4) is horizontally arranged or is inclined upward from the side of the ventilation shaft (2) to the side of the vertical ventilation opening (5), and the horizontal air duct (4) is a straight air duct or a bent air duct.

8. The basement vent well structure according to claim 7, wherein The vertical ventilation opening (5) is a rectangular structure, the louver (6) is fixedly arranged on the four sides of the top rectangular opening of the vertical ventilation opening (5) respectively, and a top cover (9) is fixedly arranged on the top of the louver (6) on the top rectangular opening of the vertical ventilation opening (5).

9. The basement vent well structure according to claim 8, wherein The top cover (9) is a concrete prefabricated plate, a light plate, or a solar cell panel, upward extending support columns are fixedly arranged at the corners of the top rectangular opening of the vertical ventilation opening (5), the louver (6) is fixedly connected with the adjacent support columns on the two sides, and the top cover (9) is detachably fixed at the top end of the support columns.

10. The basement vent well structure according to claim 9, wherein An insect screen is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the louver (6).

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