Shaft part taper hole measuring system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a shaft part taper hole measuring system, which comprises a driving tool and a measuring tool, and is characterized in that the measuring tool comprises a measuring cylinder which is driven by a driving device and moves along the axial direction of a workpiece; the connecting rod telescopically moves in the measuring cylinder and is close to the taper hole of the workpiece; the first ball head is connected to the side, close to the taper hole, of the connecting rod; the connecting rod can float in the vertical direction, and the other end of the connecting rod abuts against a second ball head. The taper hole measuring system is also provided with a first displacement sensor. The taper hole measuring tool is compact and reasonable in structure and convenient to operate, the driving tool is used for horizontally supporting and driving a workpiece to rotate, and the measuring cylinder, the connecting rod and the first ball head in the measuring tool are combined, so that the taper hole is accurately measured. A connecting rod vertical direction floating and second ball head displacement detection mechanism specially designed in the system effectively overcomes measurement errors caused by space limitation, difficulty in keeping coaxiality, interference of workpiece surface conditions and the like in traditional measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of detection technology, and in particular to a tapered hole measurement system for shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] Tapered holes, as a key feature of shafts with varying diameters, are widely used in mechanical structures requiring precise fit and transmission. However, measuring tapered holes faces numerous technical challenges. Traditional measurement methods often struggle to adapt to the special shape and spatial constraints of tapered holes, resulting in low measurement accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] When measuring tapered holes, traditional measuring heads struggle to accurately enter and perform effective measurements due to the narrow diameter and limited space. This not only increases the difficulty of measurement but may also lead to inaccurate results. Furthermore, when the workpiece diameter deviates, it becomes difficult to maintain coaxiality between the measuring head and the tapered hole's axis. This misalignment further introduces measurement errors, thus affecting the overall quality and performance evaluation of the workpiece.

[0004] Furthermore, the measurement of tapered holes is also affected by the surface condition of the workpiece. For example, the workpiece surface may be coated with oil or contain other contaminants, which can interfere with the accurate readings of the measuring head. Moreover, when driving the workpiece to rotate to measure the tapered hole, traditional tooling is prone to slippage or runout, which can affect the stability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0005] In summary, for the measurement needs of tapered holes in workpieces with different diameter shafts, there is an urgent need for a precise measurement technology solution that can overcome spatial limitations, maintain coaxiality, and adapt to different surface conditions. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing production technologies, this applicant provides a tapered hole measurement system for shaft parts. By driving a horizontally supported tooling fixture and rotating the workpiece, combined with a measuring cylinder, connecting rod, and first ball head within the measuring fixture, precise measurement of the tapered hole is achieved. The system's specially designed vertical floating connecting rod and second ball head displacement detection mechanism effectively overcome measurement errors caused by space limitations, difficulty in maintaining coaxiality, and interference from workpiece surface conditions in traditional measurements.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A tapered hole measuring system for shaft-type parts, used to measure tapered holes on workpieces, comprising:

[0009] A drive fixture used to horizontally support a workpiece and drive its rotation;

[0010] Measuring fixture for measuring the dimensions of tapered holes, its structure includes:

[0011] The measuring cylinder is driven by a drive device and moves along the workpiece axis.

[0012] The connecting rod extends and retracts within the measuring cylinder and is close to the tapered hole of the workpiece;

[0013] The first ball head is connected to the side of the connecting rod near the tapered hole;

[0014] The connecting rod is capable of floating vertically, and its other end abuts against a second ball head.

[0015] The tapered hole measurement system is also equipped with a first displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the second ball head.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0017] The workpiece is a shaft structure, and a tapered hole is provided on at least one end face of the workpiece.

[0018] The driving fixture includes a drive motor for providing power for workpiece rotation.

[0019] The drive fixture also includes two sets of driven rollers that press the workpiece to ensure the stability of the workpiece during rotation.

[0020] A sliding sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, and a pin is connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve. The pin is slidably connected in a strip groove opened on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder. A compression spring is provided inside the measuring cylinder to drive the pin and the second ball head to abut against each other. The first displacement sensor can measure the displacement of the sliding sleeve, thereby indirectly measuring the size change of the tapered hole.

[0021] There is a gap between the measuring cylinder and the connecting rod, providing space for the connecting rod to float up and down.

[0022] The first displacement sensor uses high-precision displacement measurement equipment such as laser displacement sensor, magnetostrictive displacement sensor or draw-wire displacement sensor.

[0023] The tapered hole measuring fixture is also equipped with a sliding seat, which is driven by a telescopic structure to move the measuring fixture along the workpiece axis; a limit sensor is connected to the worktable to limit the sliding seat to ensure the accuracy and safety of the measurement process.

[0024] The telescopic structure uses a drive device such as an electric push rod, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder to achieve precise movement and positioning of the sliding seat.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0026] This invention features a compact and rational structure, and is easy to operate. By driving the tooling horizontally and rotating the workpiece, combined with the measuring cylinder, connecting rod, and first ball head in the measuring fixture, it achieves precise measurement of tapered holes. The system's specially designed vertical floating connecting rod and second ball head displacement detection mechanism effectively overcome measurement errors caused by space limitations, difficulty in maintaining coaxiality, and interference from workpiece surface conditions in traditional measurements. Furthermore, the sliding sleeve and pin structure of the measuring cylinder, along with the high-precision first displacement sensor, further enhance the accuracy and stability of the measurement. This system not only solves the technical challenges of tapered hole measurement but also improves measurement efficiency.

[0027] In addition, this utility model also has the following advantages:

[0028] Improving measurement accuracy: By employing a driving fixture to horizontally support the workpiece and drive its rotation, combined with the measuring cylinder, connecting rod, and first ball head in the measuring fixture, the tapered hole can be accurately measured. In particular, the vertical floating design of the connecting rod ensures good contact between the first ball head and the inner wall of the tapered hole, reducing misalignment problems caused by workpiece diameter deviations, thereby improving measurement accuracy.

[0029] Adapting to space constraints: The compact design of the measuring cylinder and connecting rod, along with the ability of the connecting rod to extend and retract within the measuring cylinder, allows the measuring system to adapt to the narrow and limited space of the tapered orifice, effectively solving the problem of traditional measuring heads being unable to enter and perform effective measurements.

[0030] Maintaining coaxiality: Because the connecting rod can float vertically and its other end abuts against the second ball head, the displacement of the second ball head can be detected by the first displacement sensor, allowing for indirect measurement of the dimensional changes in the tapered hole. This design ensures that the center of the measuring head remains coaxial with the axis of the tapered hole during measurement, further reducing measurement errors.

[0031] Enhanced measurement stability: The driven roller design in the drive fixture ensures the stability of the workpiece during rotation, avoiding the impact of slippage or jumping on measurement stability and accuracy caused by traditional fixtures. Simultaneously, the sliding seat and telescopic structure enable precise movement and positioning of the measuring fixture along the workpiece's axial direction, further enhancing measurement stability.

[0032] Improved measurement efficiency: The entire measurement system achieves efficient measurement of tapered holes through automated drive and precise control. Compared to traditional manual measurement methods, this system not only reduces measurement time but also lowers the skill requirements for workers, thereby improving measurement efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is the front view of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 2 sectional view of .

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of section AA.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the driving tooling in this utility model.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the driving tooling in this utility model.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the tapered hole measuring fixture of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the tapered hole measuring fixture of this utility model.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the stepped hole measuring fixture of this utility model.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the stepped hole measuring fixture of this utility model.

[0043] Figure 11 for Figure 4 A magnified view of part B in the middle.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the tapered hole measuring fixture of this utility model.

[0045] in:

[0046] 100. Workbench;

[0047] 200. Drive fixture; 201. Drive roller assembly; 202. Drive roller; 203. Driven roller assembly; 204. Mounting base; 205. Driving wheel; 206. Belt; 207. Drive shaft; 208. Magnetic turntable; 209. Transmission assembly; 210. Drive motor; 211. Driven roller; 212. Lifting drive; 213. Irregularly shaped turntable; 214. Photoelectric sensor;

[0048] 300. External surface measuring fixture; 301. Measuring head;

[0049] 400. Workpiece;

[0050] 500. Stepped hole measuring fixture; 501. Probe shaft; 502. Probe head; 503. Probe rod; 504. Spring; 505. Second displacement sensor; 506. First sliding seat; 507. First telescopic structure; 508. First limit sensor; 509. Pressure roller shaft; 510. Pressure roller;

[0051] 600. Tapered hole measuring fixture; 601. Measuring cylinder; 602. Connecting rod; 603. First ball head; 604. Second ball head; 605. Sliding sleeve; 606. Pin; 607. Strip groove; 608. Compression spring; 609. First displacement sensor; 610. Second sliding seat; 611. Second telescopic structure; 612. Second limit sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this embodiment discloses a tapered hole measurement system for shaft parts, aiming to solve the difficulties in measuring shafts of different diameters and improve measurement efficiency and accuracy. This measuring machine not only integrates multiple high-precision measurement technologies but also achieves comprehensive, rapid, and accurate measurement of shafts of different diameters 400 through intelligent control and data processing. The measuring machine mainly includes a worktable 100, a drive fixture 200, an outer surface measuring fixture 300, a tapered hole measuring fixture 600, and a stepped hole measuring fixture 500. These components work together through a precise mechanical structure and advanced sensor technology to form a complete and efficient measurement system capable of automatically measuring various dimensions and shape parameters of the shafts of different diameters 400. Furthermore, the measuring machine is equipped with an advanced software system for data acquisition, processing, and analysis, as well as the output of measurement results and report generation, further improving measurement efficiency and accuracy. This system allows users to easily obtain detailed dimensional reports for workpiece 400, including the length, outer diameter, levelness, step groove dimensions between different shaft segments, runout range, and dimensions of tapered and stepped holes, providing strong data support for subsequent machining and quality control.

[0054] In this embodiment, the workpiece 400 is a shaft structure composed of shaft segments of different diameters. This design gives the workpiece 400 functional diversity and complexity. Simultaneously, stepped holes and tapered holes are respectively opened axially at both ends of the workpiece 400. The presence of these holes places higher demands on the workpiece measurement. To meet these measurement requirements, this measuring machine has undergone targeted design. Furthermore, a connecting plate is fitted onto the end face of the workpiece 400 near the stepped hole. This design not only facilitates the installation and positioning of the workpiece but also provides convenience for subsequent measurements.

[0055] In another embodiment, the gears on the connecting disc engage with the drive mechanism in the drive fixture to achieve gear transmission. This design not only simplifies the structure of the drive fixture but also improves the stability and efficiency of the transmission. Through gear transmission, the drive fixture can easily drive the workpiece to rotate 400 degrees without requiring additional drive power. This design not only reduces the cost of the measuring machine but also improves the reliability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0056] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the driving fixture 200 in this embodiment is the core component of the measuring machine, responsible for driving the workpiece 400 to rotate and providing the necessary motion conditions for subsequent measurement. The driving fixture 200 includes two synchronously driven drive roller groups 201, each group containing two synchronously rotating drive rollers 202. These two drive roller groups 201 support the workpiece 400 from the bottom and drive the workpiece to rotate through friction. This design not only ensures the stability of the workpiece during rotation but also avoids workpiece deformation or damage caused by excessive pressure. The synchronous driving of the drive roller groups 201 is achieved through a precision transmission mechanism, ensuring the synchronicity of the two drive rollers 202 during rotation.

[0057] To ensure the stability of the workpiece during rotation, the drive fixture 200 is equipped with two sets of driven rollers 203 for positioning. These two sets of driven rollers 203 are located on either side above the workpiece 400, providing additional support and positioning through contact with the workpiece surface. This design not only improves the stability of the workpiece during rotation but also avoids measurement errors caused by workpiece wobbling. The material and structural design of the driven roller sets 203 have also been carefully considered to ensure good contact and support with the workpiece 400. Furthermore, the driven roller sets 203 are equipped with an adjustment mechanism, which can be adjusted according to the specific size and shape of the workpiece 400 to adapt to the measurement needs of different workpieces.

[0058] Unlike existing technologies that drive from the top of the workpiece 400, this embodiment improves the connection effect by having the workpiece 400 contact the drive roller assembly 201 under the action of gravity and pressure. Simultaneously, driving from the bottom avoids excessive pressure application, thus achieving the desired driving effect. This design not only simplifies the structure of the drive fixture but also reduces the clamping requirements of the workpiece 400, making the measurement process more flexible and efficient. The bottom-driven method also allows the drive fixture 200 to better adapt to workpieces 400 of different shapes and sizes. By adjusting the position and angle of the drive roller assembly 201, driving and measuring different workpieces can be easily achieved. Furthermore, the bottom-driven method avoids the additional torque and vibration generated by top-driven methods, further improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement.

[0059] The drive fixture 200 also includes two sets of driven rollers 211 that press against the workpiece, and is raised and lowered via a lifting drive 212. This design further ensures the stability of the workpiece during rotation, avoiding measurement errors caused by workpiece bounce. The lifting drive 212 can be adjusted according to the specific size and shape of the workpiece 400 to ensure good contact and pressing effect between the driven rollers 211 and the workpiece. The pressing action of the driven rollers 211 not only improves the stability of the workpiece during rotation but also ensures good contact and measurement accuracy between the measuring head and the workpiece. Simultaneously, the flexibility of the lifting drive 212 allows the measuring machine to adapt to workpieces 400 of different heights and shapes, further expanding the application range of the measuring machine. Furthermore, the driven rollers 211 and the lifting drive 212 are equipped with sensors and a control system, enabling precise control of the pressing force and lifting height, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, the drive roller assembly 201 is fixed to the worktable 100 via a mounting base 204. The mounting base 204 is also connected to a drive roller 205, which is connected to the drive roller 202 via a belt 206. This design not only achieves stable installation and transmission of the drive roller assembly 201, but also ensures good contact and driving effect between the drive roller 202 and the workpiece 400.

[0061] The drive roller 205 has a drive shaft 207 inserted into its shaft center. The two drive shafts 207 are oriented opposite each other, and each opposite end of the two drive shafts 207 is connected to a magnetic turntable 208. This design not only achieves synchronous drive of the two drive roller sets 201, but also avoids problems that may arise from rigid connections through the magnetic connection of the magnetic turntable 208. When the two drive roller sets 201 are located on shaft segments of different diameters on the workpiece 400, if one of the shaft segments is irregular (insufficient outer diameter roundness), it will bounce after being connected to the drive roller set 201, causing the rotation speeds of the two drive shafts 207 to be inconsistent. The magnetic connection prevents damage to the device while ensuring continued measurement. The magnetic connection of the magnetic turntable 208 not only simplifies the structure of the drive fixture but also improves the flexibility and reliability of the transmission. By adjusting the magnetic force and position of the magnetic turntable 208, synchronous drive and speed regulation of the two drive roller sets 201 can be easily achieved. Meanwhile, the magnetic turntable 208 is also equipped with sensors and a control system, which enables real-time monitoring and control of the rotation speed of the drive shaft 207, further improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement.

[0062] Two sets of drive rollers 201 are located on shaft segments of workpiece 400 with different diameters, and the smaller the shaft segment diameter, the larger the corresponding drive roller 202. This design ensures that the axis of workpiece 400 is parallel to the worktable surface, providing an accurate basis for subsequent measurements. By matching the size of the drive roller 202 with the corresponding shaft segment diameter of workpiece 400, the axis of workpiece 400 can always be kept parallel to the surface of worktable 100, which is the key to achieving integrated measurement.

[0063] In this embodiment, the drive roller 202 is also detachable, facilitating the matching of workpieces 400 with different diameter combinations. This design greatly improves the flexibility and adaptability of measurement. In practical applications, the diameter combinations of workpieces 400 may vary widely, and traditional fixed rollers often cannot meet all measurement needs. However, by adopting a detachable drive roller 202, this embodiment enables the measuring device to quickly adapt to workpieces of different diameters without replacing the entire device or making complex adjustments, thereby greatly improving measurement efficiency and accuracy. In addition, the detachable design of the drive roller 202 facilitates maintenance and replacement. When the roller wears or is damaged due to long-term use, it can be easily removed and replaced without overhauling the entire measuring system. This reduces maintenance costs and extends the overall service life of the equipment. At the same time, the detachable drive roller 202 also helps to realize the modular design of the measuring device, making the device easier to transport and store, and providing convenience for on-site measurement and remote operation.

[0064] By matching the size of the drive roller 202 with the diameter of the corresponding shaft segment of the workpiece 400, the axis of the workpiece 400 can always be kept parallel to the surface of the worktable 100. This is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of subsequent stepped and tapered hole measurements. During actual measurement, if the axis of the workpiece 400 is not parallel to the surface of the worktable 100, the contact point between the measuring head 301 and the workpiece 400 will shift, affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. Maintaining the parallelism between the axis of the workpiece 400 and the surface of the worktable 100 also effectively avoids errors caused by workpiece movement or shifting during measurement. When the workpiece 400 is stably placed on the worktable 100 and its axis remains parallel to the worktable surface, the measuring head 301 can more accurately locate each measurement point on the workpiece 400, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of the measurement. Furthermore, this parallelism helps reduce friction during the measurement process, reducing wear on the measuring equipment and the workpiece 400, further extending the service life of the equipment.

[0065] This provides a fundamental guarantee for subsequent measurements of stepped and tapered holes, which is also the purpose of integrated measurement. Integrated measurement not only improves measurement efficiency but also ensures data continuity and consistency between various measurement stages. During operation, the measuring head 301 on the outer surface measuring fixture 300 can measure the dimensions of various parts of the workpiece 400, such as diameter and length, and also determine the status of the workpiece 400, especially its levelness. Levelness determination is crucial for subsequent machining and assembly, as the levelness of the workpiece 400 directly affects its fit accuracy with other components and its overall performance. Through integrated measurement, dimensional measurement and levelness determination can be completed simultaneously on the same equipment, avoiding errors caused by multiple clamping and positioning, and improving the overall measurement accuracy. Furthermore, integrated measurement enables real-time data transmission and processing, providing timely and accurate measurement data support for subsequent machining and assembly.

[0066] Existing technologies using separate tooling for measurement have several shortcomings. First, after measuring the surface dimensions, measuring tapered holes and stepped holes requires re-alignment and centering, which not only increases measurement time but may also introduce errors due to inaccurate positioning. Second, if there is slight misalignment between the outer diameter and the stepped or tapered hole, it is difficult to judge using traditional measurement methods because the cumulative error between different measuring tools can lead to a decrease in overall measurement accuracy. Separate tooling measurement also suffers from high equipment costs and large footprints. Since multiple devices are needed to complete different measurement tasks, the equipment cost is relatively high, and each device requires a certain amount of space, which is undoubtedly a significant challenge in space-constrained measurement environments. In contrast, the integrated measurement method in this embodiment only requires one device to complete all measurement tasks, which not only reduces equipment costs but also saves space and improves the flexibility and convenience of measurement.

[0067] Meanwhile, another drive shaft 207 is connected to a shaped turntable 213 at its end, and a photoelectric sensor 214 is provided on one side of the turntable 213 to monitor the rotation speed of the corresponding drive shaft 207. Specifically, it is used to determine whether the corresponding drive shaft 207 is rotating and whether the rotation speed of the corresponding drive shaft 207 is the same as that of the drive motor 210. In this embodiment, the drive motor 210 is a servo motor, which can precisely control and output the rotation speed. The design of the shaped turntable 213 makes it easier for the photoelectric sensor 214 to detect the rotation of the drive shaft 207. By monitoring the rotation speed and position change of the shaped turntable 213, the photoelectric sensor 214 can obtain the rotation state of the drive shaft 207 in real time and compare it with the rotation speed of the drive motor 210. If there is a difference between the two, it indicates that at least one of the two shaft segments corresponding to the workpiece 400 has poor outer diameter roundness. This design not only improves the accuracy of measurement but also enables timely detection and handling of abnormal situations during the measurement process, avoiding measurement errors caused by equipment failure or workpiece defects. Meanwhile, the application of servo motors also provides higher accuracy and stability for measurements. They can precisely control the rotation speed and position of the drive shaft 207 according to the set parameters, thereby ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the measurements.

[0068] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the external surface measuring fixture 300 is distributed around the circumference of the workpiece 400, and multiple retractable measuring heads 301 measure the external surface data of the workpiece. This design makes the measurement more comprehensive and accurate, covering all parts of the workpiece 400 and avoiding errors caused by insufficient measurement points. The retractable design of the measuring heads 301 also makes the measurement more flexible and convenient. In the actual measurement process, the retraction amount of the measuring heads 301 can be adjusted according to the specific shape and size of the workpiece 400, thereby ensuring that the contact point between the measuring heads 301 and the workpiece 400 is always kept in the optimal position. This not only improves the accuracy of the measurement, but also avoids errors caused by interference between the measuring heads 301 and the workpiece 400. At the same time, the simultaneous operation of multiple measuring heads 301 also greatly improves the measurement efficiency and shortens the measurement time.

[0069] The measured data includes the length, outer diameter, levelness, step groove dimensions between different shaft segments, and runout range of each shaft segment. This data is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the quality and performance of workpiece 400. Measuring the length and outer diameter of each shaft segment reveals the overall dimensions and shape of workpiece 400; levelness measurement determines whether workpiece 400 meets specific machining and assembly requirements; the step groove dimensions between different shaft segments are essential for ensuring the fit accuracy of workpiece 400 with other components; and the runout range measurement reflects the stability and balance of workpiece 400 during rotation.

[0070] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the tapered hole measuring fixture 600 in this embodiment is used to measure the size of the tapered hole on the workpiece 400. It includes a measuring cylinder 601 that moves axially along the workpiece axis, and a connecting rod 602 connected within the measuring cylinder 601 and capable of elastic extension and retraction. This design allows the measuring cylinder 601 to penetrate deep into the tapered hole for measurement, while the elastic extension and retraction of the connecting rod 602 ensures that the measuring head (i.e., the first ball head 603) can make close contact with the inner wall of the tapered hole, thereby improving measurement accuracy. The axial movement design of the measuring cylinder 601 also makes measurement more flexible and convenient. In actual measurement, the position and extension / retraction of the measuring cylinder 601 can be adjusted according to the specific position and depth of the tapered hole, thereby ensuring that the measuring head can accurately position itself at each measurement point of the tapered hole. Simultaneously, the elastic extension and retraction of the connecting rod 602 also avoids errors caused by interference between the measuring head and the inner wall of the tapered hole, improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0071] A first ball head 603 is connected to the side of the connecting rod 602 near the tapered hole of the workpiece, allowing it to be inserted into the deepest part of the tapered hole to ensure comprehensive measurement. The other end of the connecting rod 602 abuts against a second ball head 604, and a photoelectric sensor 609 for detecting the displacement of the second ball head 604 is also provided on the tapered hole measuring fixture 600. The design of the first ball head 603 allows the measuring head to better adapt to changes in the shape and size of the tapered hole. Since the inner wall of the tapered hole is usually tapered or arc-shaped, it is difficult for a traditional flat measuring head to make close contact with it. The first ball head 603 can automatically adjust its contact point according to changes in the shape of the tapered hole, thus ensuring measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, the combined use of the second ball head 604 and the photoelectric sensor 609 also enables precise measurement of the displacement of the connecting rod 602. When the first ball head 603 contacts the tapered hole and moves the connecting rod 602, the second ball head 604 also moves accordingly, and the displacement is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric sensor 609 for transmission and processing. This design not only improves the accuracy and stability of measurements, but also enables the automation and intelligence of measurements.

[0072] Specifically, a sliding sleeve 605 is fitted onto the outer wall of the measuring cylinder 601. The sliding sleeve 605 not only serves as a medium for transmitting displacement but also ensures smooth and accurate sliding through precision machining of its inner and outer surfaces. The sliding sleeve 605 is slidably connected to the strip groove 607 on the measuring cylinder 601 via a pin 606. This design allows the sliding sleeve 605 to move freely along the axial direction of the measuring cylinder 601 under the constraint of the strip groove 607. At the same time, the cooperation between the pin 606 and the strip groove 607 also serves to limit and guide, ensuring the linearity of the measurement.

[0073] A compression spring 608 is installed inside the measuring cylinder 601. This spring not only provides the necessary preload for the measuring system, but also absorbs and buffers minor vibrations during the measurement process through its elastic deformation, thereby improving the stability of the measurement. One end of the compression spring 608 is connected to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder 601, and the other end is connected to the pin 606. This connection method ensures the direct transmission of the spring force, allowing the pin 606 to tightly abut against the second ball head 604, thus achieving precise control of the position of the connecting rod 602.

[0074] In this embodiment, a certain gap exists between the measuring cylinder 601 and the connecting rod 602. This design takes into account the concentricity deviation during the machining process of the workpiece 400, allowing the connecting rod 602 to make slight floating adjustments in the vertical direction. This adapts to workpieces 400 with different concentricities, improving the versatility and flexibility of the measurement. This floating design not only reduces measurement errors caused by rigid contact between the workpiece 400 and the measuring device but also improves measurement accuracy through adaptive adjustment. The size of the gap is precisely calculated to ensure that the connecting rod 602 has sufficient floating space to adapt to the concentricity deviation of the workpiece 400, while avoiding excessive gap that could lead to swaying and instability during the measurement process. Furthermore, to further improve measurement stability, the gap between the measuring cylinder 601 and the connecting rod 602 is filled with a high-performance damping material, such as silicone or polyurethane foam, to absorb and mitigate impacts and vibrations during the floating process.

[0075] When the first ball head 603 contacts the tapered hole, it drives the connecting rod 602 and the second ball head 604 to move together. During this process, the first displacement sensor 609 indirectly measures the size of the tapered hole by measuring the displacement of the sliding sleeve 605. By transferring the measurement point to the sliding sleeve 605, i.e., the rear side of the measuring device, not only are the space limitations and interference from measuring tools that may be encountered when directly measuring the internal dimensions of the tapered hole avoided, but the accuracy and reliability of the observation are also improved by increasing the observation area. The first displacement sensor 609 adopts high-precision laser ranging technology, which can measure the minute displacement of the sliding sleeve 605 in real time and accurately, and convert it into an electrical signal for subsequent processing. At the same time, in order to further improve the accuracy of the measurement, a temperature compensation module is also integrated into the system to eliminate measurement errors caused by changes in ambient temperature. In addition, the entire measurement process is automated and digitalized, which greatly improves the measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0076] This design not only solves the measurement error problem caused by small aperture and limited measurement space in traditional measurement, but also significantly improves the accuracy and stability of tapered hole measurement through the combination of floating connecting rod 602 and indirect measurement technology, providing strong support for precision manufacturing and quality control.

[0077] like Figure 12 As shown, when the axis of workpiece 400 is not concentric with the axis of connecting rod 602, this embodiment effectively absorbs this concentricity deviation through the floating design of connecting rod 602, so that measurement can still be performed and maintain high accuracy.

[0078] In this embodiment, there is a height error of 0.5mm between the axis of workpiece 400 and the axis of connecting rod 602. When the connecting rod 602 is made to contact the tapered hole of workpiece 400 at an angle parallel to workpiece 400, the error is 0.859mm, which exceeds the measurement error range. In this embodiment, a connecting rod 602 that can float in the vertical direction is used. After the connecting rod 602 contacts the workpiece 400, there is a deflection of 0.35°. At this time, 1*cos(0.35°) = 0.99998 is calculated.

[0079] Meanwhile, the actual measurement result = Sqrt(80^2-0.05^2) = 79.99998437, with an error of only 0.02um, which is completely within the measurement error range.

[0080] like Figures 9-11 As shown, the stepped hole measuring fixture 500 in this embodiment is used to measure the size of the stepped hole on the workpiece 400. It includes a probe shaft 501 that moves axially along the axis of the workpiece, and a probe head 502 for measuring the length of the stepped hole is connected to the end face of the probe shaft 501. A probe rod 503, symmetrical about the axis of the stepped hole, is extended from the outer surface of the probe shaft 501 for measuring the inner diameter of the stepped hole.

[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, the probe 503 is L-shaped, with its inflection point hinged to the probe shaft 501. One end of the probe 503 inside the stepped hole abuts against the inner wall of the stepped hole, while the other end of the probe 503 is connected to a second displacement sensor 505. Meanwhile, the side wall of the probe 503 outside the stepped hole is connected to the first sliding seat 506 via a spring 504. The spring 504 provides a preload force to drive the probe 503 to abut against the inner wall of the stepped hole, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0082] In this embodiment, due to limited measurement space, especially when the stepped hole is deep or has a complex internal structure, directly measuring the inner diameter of the stepped hole becomes extremely difficult. Therefore, through the ingenious design of the probe rod 503, the measurement point is shifted from inside the stepped hole to the outside, greatly expanding the operable space for measurement. The second displacement sensor 505, as the core component of the measurement, is crucial for ensuring accurate measurement results due to its high precision and stability. It can not only accurately capture the minute oscillations of the probe rod 503 caused by changes in the inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also convert this oscillation into an electrical signal in real time, providing a reliable basis for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0083] The air chamber and inflation port within the second displacement sensor 505 not only provide additional flexibility in the measurement process but also effectively protect the stepped hole and the probe rod 503. Before measurement, an appropriate amount of gas is injected into the air chamber through the inflation port, allowing the probe rod 503 to gently detach from the stepped hole wall under the action of the spring 504, preventing any damage to the stepped hole when the probe shaft 501 is inserted. Furthermore, the inflation volume is highly flexible and can be precisely controlled according to the specific dimensions of the stepped hole and measurement requirements. When measuring stepped holes of different diameters, simply adjusting the inflation volume ensures that the probe rod 503 maintains appropriate contact pressure with the stepped hole wall, preventing damage to the hole wall due to excessive pressure or affecting measurement accuracy due to insufficient pressure.

[0084] When the probe shaft 501 moves axially along the workpiece axis under the drive of the drive mechanism, the probe rod 503 will swing according to the change of the inner diameter of the stepped hole. This swing not only reflects the actual inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also provides rich measurement information for the second displacement sensor 505. By accurately measuring the swing of the probe rod 503 and combining it with the moving distance of the probe shaft 501, the inner diameter of the stepped hole can be indirectly calculated.

[0085] To address the measurement requirements of stepped holes with varying inner diameters, this embodiment proposes a scheme involving the installation of multiple probe rods 503 at corresponding positions on the probe shaft 501. This design not only improves measurement accuracy and reliability but also eliminates potential errors and uncertainties arising from a single measurement point through data fusion from multiple measurement points. The layout and number of probe rods 503 can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific structure and measurement requirements of the stepped hole. For example, for stepped holes with significant variations in inner diameter, more and denser probe rods 503 can be installed on the probe shaft 501 to obtain more comprehensive measurement information. Furthermore, each probe rod 503 can be equipped with an independent second displacement sensor 505 and a data processing module to achieve parallel measurement and data processing, further improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0086] In summary, this design, which combines the probe rod 503 with the second displacement sensor 505, not only achieves accurate measurement of the inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also solves the measurement problems caused by the complexity of the hole diameter and the limited measurement space in traditional measurements.

[0087] The above description is an explanation of the present utility model and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the claims. Within the protection scope of the present utility model, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A tapered hole measuring system for shaft-type parts, used for measuring tapered holes on workpieces, characterized in that, include: A drive fixture used to horizontally support a workpiece and drive its rotation; Measuring fixture for measuring the dimensions of tapered holes, its structure includes: The measuring cylinder is driven by a drive device and moves along the workpiece axis. The connecting rod extends and retracts within the measuring cylinder and is close to the tapered hole of the workpiece; The first ball head is connected to the side of the connecting rod near the tapered hole; The connecting rod is capable of floating vertically, and its other end abuts against a second ball head. The tapered hole measurement system is also equipped with a first displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the second ball head.

2. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece is a shaft structure, and a tapered hole is provided on at least one end face of the workpiece.

3. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The driving fixture includes a drive motor for providing power for workpiece rotation.

4. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drive fixture also includes two sets of driven rollers that press the workpiece to ensure the stability of the workpiece during rotation.

5. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, and a pin is connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve. The pin is slidably connected in a strip groove opened on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder. A compression spring is provided inside the measuring cylinder to drive the pin and the second ball head to abut against each other. The first displacement sensor can measure the displacement of the sliding sleeve, thereby indirectly measuring the size change of the tapered hole.

6. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the measuring cylinder and the connecting rod, providing space for the connecting rod to float up and down.

7. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first displacement sensor uses high-precision displacement measurement equipment such as laser displacement sensor, magnetostrictive displacement sensor or draw-wire displacement sensor.

8. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring fixture is also equipped with a sliding seat, which is driven by a telescopic structure to move the measuring fixture along the workpiece axis; a limit sensor is connected to the worktable to limit the sliding seat to ensure the accuracy and safety of the measurement process.

9. The tapered hole measuring system for shaft parts as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic structure employs an electric push rod, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder to achieve precise movement and positioning of the sliding seat.

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