Control system based on photoelectric conversion

Abstract

The utility model provides a control system based on photoelectric conversion, and the system comprises a photoelectric sensor module which comprises a photodiode array and is used for receiving incident light, converting the incident light into analog electric signals, and transmitting the analog electric signals to a signal conditioning circuit module; the signal conditioning circuit module comprises a high-precision operational amplifier and a filter circuit and is used for receiving the analog electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor, amplifying and filtering the analog electric signal and transmitting the analog electric signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module; the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for converting an analog electric signal into a digital electric signal at a high-speed sampling rate and high resolution and then transmitting the digital electric signal to the microcontroller module; the microcontroller module is used for generating a control instruction according to the digital electric signal and transmitting the control instruction to the control output module; and the control output module comprises a power amplification circuit and is used for performing power amplification on the control instruction output by the microcontroller according to the type and the power requirement of the actuating mechanism and converting the control instruction into a signal form capable of driving the actuating mechanism to act.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automation control, and in particular to a control system based on photoelectric conversion. Background Technology

[0002] In today's era of rapid technological advancement, automation control plays a crucial role in numerous fields. Photoelectric conversion technology, as an advanced means of sensing and information acquisition, is increasingly widely used in control systems.

[0003] In the field of industrial automation, traditional control systems mostly rely on mechanical contact sensors or simple electrical sensors to monitor and control the production process. For example, mechanical limit switches trigger signals through physical contact when detecting the position of an object. This method is not only prone to wear and tear due to frequent contact, reducing its service life, but also has a relatively slow response speed, making it difficult to meet the needs of fast and accurate detection on high-speed production lines. Some sensors based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, while avoiding direct mechanical contact to some extent, have limitations in detection accuracy, anti-interference ability, and detection of non-electromagnetic parameters.

[0004] Currently, photoelectric conversion technology has made some progress in the application of control systems, and some photoelectric sensors are used in simple scenarios such as object presence detection or light intensity monitoring. However, due to the difficulty in adapting the accuracy and speed of analog-to-digital conversion to meet the demands of high-precision control, the rich information collected by photoelectric sensors often cannot be fully utilized.

[0005] In terms of the control core, the matching between the control output circuit and the actuator is not perfect. It cannot drive different types of actuators with different power requirements flexibly and efficiently, and it lacks an effective protection mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, known technologies have significant shortcomings in terms of overall system integration and scalability. For example, the connections between various functional modules are often loose and complex, which is not conducive to system miniaturization and rapid deployment. Moreover, it is difficult to easily expand or upgrade functions when facing changes in the needs of different application scenarios, limiting the in-depth application of photoelectric conversion control systems in a wider range of fields. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a control system based on photoelectric conversion to improve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] This utility model provides a control system based on photoelectric conversion, which includes:

[0009] The photoelectric sensor module includes a photodiode array for receiving incident light and converting the incident light into an analog electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit module.

[0010] The signal conditioning circuit module includes a high-precision operational amplifier and a filter circuit, which is used to receive the analog electrical signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor, amplify and filter the electrical signal, and then send it to the analog-to-digital conversion module.

[0011] The analog-to-digital conversion module is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals with high-speed sampling rate and high resolution, and then transmit them to the microcontroller module.

[0012] The microcontroller module is used to generate control commands based on digital electrical signals and transmit them to the control output module;

[0013] The control output module includes a power amplifier circuit, which amplifies the control commands output by the microcontroller according to the type and power requirements of the actuator, and converts them into a signal form that can drive the actuator to move.

[0014] Preferably, the photoelectric sensor module further includes an optical focusing lens for focusing the dispersed incident light onto the photodiode array.

[0015] Preferably, in the signal conditioning circuit module, the filtering circuit includes a passive filtering section composed of inductors and capacitors, and an active filtering section composed of operational amplifiers, feedback capacitors, and resistors.

[0016] Preferably, the operational amplifier is selected from the OP07 series of Analog Devices, and the operational amplifier is connected to the analog-to-digital converter module via a BNC interface.

[0017] Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter module is the ADS8364 from TI, which is connected to the microcontroller module via an SPI interface or a parallel interface.

[0018] Preferably, the microcontroller module is selected from STMicroelectronics' STM32F4 series.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a feedback device for feeding back the action result or status information of the actuator to the microcontroller module through the IIC interface.

[0020] Preferably, the control output module further includes a protection circuit, which is electrically connected to the power amplifier circuit.

[0021] Preferably, the power amplifier circuit uses the NJM386 from ONSEMI; the protection circuit includes an overcurrent protection chip and an overvoltage protection chip, and the overcurrent protection chip uses the TPS2410 from TI.

[0022] Preferably, the control output module is connected to the microcontroller module via a GPIO interface.

[0023] The technical solution provided by this utility model embodiment may include the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention achieves efficient photoelectric conversion through a photodiode array and an optical focusing lens. Operational amplification and filtering circuits amplify weak signals and suppress noise. A high-speed, high-resolution analog-to-digital converter chip converts analog signals into digital signals. The microcontroller module runs a control algorithm and receives feedback signals for closed-loop control. A power amplifier circuit drives the actuator, and multiple protection circuits prevent abnormal situations.

[0025] This invention solves the problems of traditional photoelectric control systems in weak light signal detection, anti-interference, and control accuracy. By optimizing photoelectric conversion, signal conditioning, data acquisition, and control algorithms, the system's sensitivity, anti-interference capability, and control accuracy are significantly improved.

[0026] This invention can be widely applied in fields requiring high-precision photoelectric control, such as industrial automation, medical equipment, and aerospace, and has significant practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a control system based on photoelectric conversion provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a control system based on photoelectric conversion, which includes:

[0030] The photoelectric sensor module 10 includes a photodiode array 11, which is used to receive incident light and convert the incident light into an analog electrical signal and transmit it to the signal conditioning circuit module 20.

[0031] In this embodiment, the photoelectric sensor module 10 further includes an optical focusing lens 12 for focusing the dispersed incident light onto the photodiode array 11.

[0032] The photoelectric sensor module 10 is exposed to the light field environment to be measured. The incident light is incident on the optical focusing lens 12, which focuses the dispersed incident light onto the photodiode array 11 based on the principle of optical refraction. The photodiode array 11, based on the photoelectric effect, allows photons to interact with electrons in the semiconductor material, enabling the electrons to gain energy and form a photocurrent, which is then transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit module 20 after simulating an electrical signal.

[0033] In this embodiment, to achieve better light focusing, key parameter information of the optical focusing lens 12 can be obtained, including the lens's focal length, material, shape, and size. By rationally designing the parameters of the optical focusing lens, it can efficiently focus dispersed incident light onto the surface of the photodiode array 11. For example, optical simulation software can be used to simulate the propagation path and focusing effect of light after passing through the optical focusing lens 12, optimizing the relative positional relationship between the optical focusing lens 12 and the photodiode array 11 so that the focused light spot precisely covers the entire photosensitive area of ​​the photodiode array 11. Based on the material characteristics of the optical focusing lens 12, such as refractive index and dispersion, the refraction and dispersion effects of light in the lens are corrected to reduce optical aberrations and improve the clarity and uniformity of the focused light spot. Integrating the photodiode array 11 and the optical focusing lens 12 into the same package, adjusting the package form and pin layout, ensures unobstructed light path, reduces stray light interference, and improves the integration and reliability of the photoelectric sensor module 10.

[0034] In this embodiment, for example, the photodiode array 11 can be a BPW34 type silicon PIN photodiode, which has a sensitivity of 0.62A / W at a wavelength of 850nm. Combined with an optical focusing lens 12 with a focal length of 10mm and an aperture of F2.0, it can convert weak light signals into electrical signals of 0-10mV.

[0035] The signal conditioning circuit module 20 includes a high-precision operational amplifier and a filter circuit, which receives the analog electrical signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor module 10, amplifies and filters the analog electrical signal, and then sends it to the analog-to-digital conversion module 30.

[0036] In this embodiment, after the signal conditioning circuit module 20 receives the electrical signal from the photoelectric sensor module 10, it first enters the amplification circuit section. A high-precision operational amplifier amplifies the analog electrical signal according to a pre-set amplification factor to meet the amplitude requirements of the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion module 30. Simultaneously, to eliminate various noise interferences in the environment, the filtering circuit begins operation. The passive filter section, composed of inductors and capacitors, first performs preliminary filtering of interference signals within a specific frequency range, such as low-frequency power grid interference and high-frequency radio frequency interference. Next, the active filter section, composed of operational amplifiers, feedback capacitors, and resistors, further smooths the signal to form a stable and clean electrical signal. The processed analog electrical signal is then sent to the analog-to-digital conversion module 30.

[0037] For example, the signal conditioning circuit module 20 receives the analog electrical signal from the photoelectric sensor module 10 and uses an Analog Devices OP07 high-precision operational amplifier. Based on a preset amplification factor of 10, the signal is amplified through a 100kΩ feedback resistor and a 10kΩ capacitor network. The amplified analog electrical signal then passes through a passive filter circuit composed of a 1mH inductor and a 100nF capacitor to filter out 50Hz power frequency interference and radio frequency interference above 100MHz. The passively filtered signal is further smoothed by a second-order active low-pass filter circuit composed of the OP07 operational amplifier, a 10kΩ feedback resistor, and a 100pF feedback capacitor, resulting in a stable and clean analog electrical signal with ripple less than 1mV. This signal is then transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter module 30 via the BNC interface.

[0038] The analog-to-digital conversion module 30 is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals with high-speed sampling rate and high resolution, and then transmit them to the microcontroller module 40.

[0039] In this embodiment, the analog-to-digital conversion module 30 uses a high-speed, high-precision successive approximation ADC chip. Its internal circuitry is based on the successive approximation algorithm to convert analog signals into digital signals. Externally, it needs to be connected to a suitable reference voltage circuit and an interface circuit for communication with the microcontroller module 40.

[0040] For example, the analog-to-digital converter module 30 may be an ADS8364 (16-bit resolution, high-speed sampling rate) from TI. It may communicate with the microcontroller module 40 via an SPI interface or a parallel interface.

[0041] The microcontroller module 40 is used to generate control commands based on digital electrical signals and transmit them to the control output module 50.

[0042] In this embodiment, the microcontroller module 40 employs a high-performance, low-power microcontroller with abundant interfaces. Internally, it includes a central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM and ROM), various timers, interrupt controllers, and numerous input / output interface circuits. Externally, it may require power supply circuits, reset circuits, and interface circuits for communication with other modules.

[0043] For example, the microcontroller module 40 can be an STM32F4 series from STMicroelectronics. After receiving the digital electrical signal, the microcontroller module 40 analyzes and calculates the digital electrical signal according to its internally preset PID control algorithm, such as with a proportional coefficient Kp = 1.5, an integral time Ti = 100ms, and a derivative time Td = 20ms, and generates a PWM digital control command with a duty cycle of 0-100% to the control output module 50.

[0044] The microcontroller module 40 and the control output module 50 can use a general digital signal interface, such as a GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output) interface, and can be programmed to set it to output mode and output control commands.

[0045] The control output module 50 includes a power amplifier circuit, which amplifies the control commands output by the microcontroller according to the type and power requirements of the actuator, and converts them into a signal form that can drive the actuator 60 to operate.

[0046] In this embodiment, the control output module 50 may include a power amplifier circuit and a protection circuit. The power amplifier circuit may employ different power amplifier circuit structures depending on the type of actuator and power requirements; for example, a transistor-based power amplifier circuit may be used for motor-type actuators. The protection circuit may employ overcurrent protection chips and overvoltage protection chips, as well as related detection and control circuits.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, in the control output module 50, the power amplifier circuit amplifies the control signal output by the microcontroller module 40 according to the type and power requirements of the actuator, converting it into a suitable signal form capable of driving the actuator. For example, for motor-type actuators, the control signal is converted into a corresponding voltage or current signal to drive the motor to rotate; for solenoid valve-type actuators, its opening and closing actions are controlled. During this process, if abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or overvoltage occur, the protection circuit will be activated immediately to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0048] For the power amplifier circuit, you can choose ONSEMI's NJM386 (audio power amplifier, which can be used as a reference for suitable power amplification requirements). For the overcurrent protection chip, you can choose TI's TPS2410 (which has overcurrent protection function).

[0049] The control output module 50 and the actuator adopt different interfaces depending on the type of actuator. For example, a motor drive interface can be used for a motor (such as a three-phase motor, which may use a three-phase motor drive interface, including U, V, W three-phase lines and possible control lines), while a simple electrical connection interface can be used for a solenoid valve.

[0050] In this embodiment, in particular, in some application scenarios that require closed-loop control, the system also includes a feedback device 70, which is used to feed back the action result or status information of the actuator 60 to the microcontroller module 40 through the IIC interface.

[0051] In this system, after receiving the drive signal from the control output module 50, the actuator 60 generates a corresponding mechanical action or state change. The action result or state information of the actuator 60 (such as the motor speed, position, or the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve) is fed back to the microcontroller module 40 through the feedback device 70 (generally a sensor, such as a current sensor, voltage sensor, Hall sensor, or camera). After receiving the feedback signal transmitted by the feedback device, the microcontroller module 40 analyzes and calculates it again to determine whether the control effect meets the expectations. If the control effect does not meet the expectations, the microcontroller module 40 adjusts the control command according to the magnitude of the deviation using a PID control algorithm until the control accuracy requirements are met.

[0052] The microcontroller module 40 transmits the generated control commands to the control output module 50 through a digital interface to drive the actuator 60 to complete the corresponding actions, thus forming a closed-loop control system. This allows the system to monitor the control effect in real time and adjust the control strategy in a timely manner, thereby realizing a precise, efficient and stable automated control process based on photoelectric conversion.

[0053] The transmission of control commands adopts standard digital communication protocols, such as UART, I2C, and SPI, to ensure efficient and reliable command transmission.

[0054] In summary, this embodiment of the invention achieves efficient photoelectric conversion through a photodiode array 11 and an optical focusing lens 12; operational amplification and filtering circuits amplify weak signals and suppress noise; and a high-speed, high-resolution analog-to-digital converter module 30 converts analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals. A microcontroller module 40 runs a control algorithm and receives feedback signals for closed-loop control; a power amplifier circuit drives the actuator 60; and multiple protection circuits prevent abnormal situations.

[0055] This invention addresses the problems of traditional photoelectric control systems in weak light signal detection, anti-interference capabilities, and control accuracy. By optimizing photoelectric conversion, signal conditioning, data acquisition, and control algorithms, the system's sensitivity, anti-interference ability, and control accuracy are significantly improved.

[0056] This utility model embodiment can be widely applied in fields requiring high-precision photoelectric control, such as industrial automation, medical equipment, and aerospace, and has significant practical value.

[0057] It should be noted that the above examples are merely a few specific embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments and can have many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this utility model should be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A control system based on photoelectric conversion, characterized in that, include: The photoelectric sensor module includes a photodiode array for receiving incident light and converting the incident light into an analog electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit module. The signal conditioning circuit module includes a high-precision operational amplifier and a filter circuit, which is used to receive the analog electrical signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor, amplify and filter the electrical signal, and then send it to the analog-to-digital conversion module. The analog-to-digital conversion module is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals with high-speed sampling rate and high resolution, and then transmit them to the microcontroller module. The microcontroller module is used to generate control commands based on digital electrical signals and transmit them to the control output module; The control output module includes a power amplifier circuit, which amplifies the control commands output by the microcontroller according to the type and power requirements of the actuator, and converts them into a signal form that can drive the actuator to move.

2. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoelectric sensor module also includes an optical focusing lens for focusing dispersed incident light onto the photodiode array.

3. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the signal conditioning circuit module, the filtering circuit includes a passive filtering section composed of inductors and capacitors, and an active filtering section composed of operational amplifiers, feedback capacitors, and resistors.

4. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The operational amplifier is selected from the OP07 series of Analog Devices, and the operational amplifier is connected to the analog-to-digital converter module through a BNC interface.

5. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog-to-digital converter module is the ADS8364 from TI, which is connected to the microcontroller module via an SPI interface or a parallel interface.

6. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller module used is the STM32F4 series from STMicroelectronics.

7. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a feedback device, which is used to feed back the action results or status information of the actuator to the microcontroller module through the IIC interface.

8. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control output module also includes a protection circuit, which is electrically connected to the power amplifier circuit.

9. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power amplifier circuit uses ONSEMI's NJM386; the protection circuit includes an overcurrent protection chip and an overvoltage protection chip, with the overcurrent protection chip being TI's TPS2410.

10. The control system based on photoelectric conversion according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control output module is connected to the microcontroller module via a GPIO interface.

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