Waveguide array antenna applied to Ka frequency band
By designing a waveguide array antenna structure and adopting a gradient tuning structure and E-plane T-junction cascade, the problems of high antenna profile, large volume or complex design in satellite communications are solved, and high gain and low loss effects in the Ka band are achieved, which is suitable for satellite communications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423060017.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing satellite communication antennas have problems such as high profile, large size, complex design and high cost in areas with limited space, especially reflector antennas and phased array antennas in Ka-band applications.
A waveguide array antenna structure was designed, which included upper and lower waveguide power division networks, square waveguide corrugated horn antenna units, metal cross grids, orthogonal mode couplers and directional couplers. Through the cascade of gradient tuning structure and E-plane T-junction, efficient electromagnetic wave synthesis and radiation were achieved.
It achieves the high gain, low loss and low profile characteristics of the Ka band, is suitable for satellite communications, and has good application prospects.
Smart Images
Figure CN223487339U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication equipment technology, specifically to a waveguide array antenna applied to the Ka band. Background Technology
[0002] Antennas currently used in satellite communications can be categorized into planar antennas, reflector antennas, and phased array antennas. Reflector antennas offer advantages such as high gain and low sidelobes, but their high profile and large size make them unsuitable for efficient space planning in areas with limited space. Phased array antennas offer excellent performance, a low profile, and electronic scanning that eliminates the need for servo control, but their complex design and high cost make them less desirable. Utility Model Content
[0003] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a waveguide array antenna for the Ka band, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] The technical problem solved by this utility model is achieved by the following technical solution: a waveguide array antenna for the Ka band, comprising: an upper waveguide power divider network and a lower waveguide power divider network, wherein a plurality of square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements are provided on the upper side of the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network, wherein a metal cross grid is provided on the upper side of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements, wherein an orthogonal mode coupler is provided between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements and the upper waveguide power divider network, wherein a directional coupler is provided between the orthogonal mode coupler and the upper waveguide power divider network, and wherein the bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler.
[0005] Furthermore, the metal grid is located directly above the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element.
[0006] Furthermore, the orthogonal mode coupler is a three-port device, with its top port connected to a square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element, the number of which is the same as the number of square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements. The ports of the orthogonal mode coupler located on the side wall and the ports located at the bottom are connected to the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network, respectively.
[0007] Furthermore, the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are composed of multiple cascaded E-plane T-junctions.
[0008] Furthermore, the total port input dimensions of the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are standard waveguide dimensions. Due to structural size limitations, the input port faces downwards and is connected to the E-plane T-junction of the first stage after bending.
[0009] Furthermore, the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are both designed with tuning structures at the waveguide bends and before connecting to the first-level E-plane T-junction. The bends are gradually tapered, and the connection with the E-plane T-junction is a symmetrical tuning step.
[0010] Furthermore, the waveguide connecting the first-stage E-plane T-junction and the second-stage E-plane T-junction also uses a graded-tuned structure, and the final-stage E-plane T-junction is connected to an orthogonal mode coupler.
[0011] Furthermore, the output ports of the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are connected to the side port and bottom port of the orthogonal mode coupler, respectively, after passing through the bend waveguide.
[0012] Furthermore, the through end and coupling end of the directional coupler are respectively connected to the input end of the upper waveguide power divider network and the input end of the lower waveguide power divider network.
[0013] Furthermore, the directional coupler is a four-port device, with port 1 being the input port, port 2 being the through port, port 3 being the coupling port, and port 4 being the isolation port.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: this utility model has less loss in the high frequency band and has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency and low profile, and has good application prospects in satellite communication. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of this utility model.
[0018] Figure 4 This is the upper waveguide power divider network of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 5 This is the lower-layer waveguide power divider network of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the following description, in conjunction with specific illustrations, further elaborates on this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can be internal connections between two components.
[0021] Example 1
[0022] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band includes: an upper waveguide power divider network 5 and a lower waveguide power divider network 6. Several square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements 2 are disposed on the upper side of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks 5 and 6. A metal cross grid 1 is disposed on the upper side of each square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2. An orthogonal mode coupler 3 is disposed between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. A directional coupler 4 is disposed between the orthogonal mode coupler 3 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. The bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler. The metal grid is located directly above the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element.
[0023] Example 2
[0024] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band includes: an upper waveguide power divider network 5 and a lower waveguide power divider network 6. Several square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements 2 are disposed on the upper side of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks 5 and 6. A metal cross grid 1 is disposed on the upper side of each square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2. An orthogonal mode coupler 3 is disposed between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. A directional coupler 4 is disposed between the orthogonal mode coupler 3 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. The bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler. The orthogonal mode coupler is a three-port device, with its top port connected to the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements, and the number of these connections matching the number of square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements. The ports located on the sidewalls and the bottom of the orthogonal mode coupler are connected to the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks, respectively.
[0025] Example 3
[0026] like Figures 1-5As shown, a waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band includes: an upper waveguide power divider network 5 and a lower waveguide power divider network 6. Several square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements 2 are arranged on the upper side of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks 5 and 6. A metal cross grid 1 is arranged on the upper side of each square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2. An orthogonal mode coupler 3 is provided between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. A directional coupler 4 is provided between the orthogonal mode coupler 3 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. The bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler. The upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are composed of multiple cascaded E-plane T-junctions. The total input port size of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks is a standard waveguide size. Due to structural size limitations, its input port faces downwards and is bent to connect to the first-stage E-plane T-junction. The upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are designed with tuning structures at both the bends and before connecting to the first-stage E-plane T-junction. The bends are tapered, and the connections to the E-plane T-junctions are symmetrical tuning steps. The waveguide connecting the first-stage and second-stage E-plane T-junctions also uses a tapered tuning structure. The final-stage E-plane T-junction is connected to an orthogonal mode coupler.
[0027] Example 4
[0028] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band includes: an upper waveguide power divider network 5 and a lower waveguide power divider network 6. Several square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements 2 are disposed on the upper side of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks 5 and 6. A metal cross grid 1 is disposed on the upper side of each square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2. An orthogonal mode coupler 3 is disposed between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. A directional coupler 4 is disposed between the orthogonal mode coupler 3 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. The bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler. The output ports of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are connected to the side port and bottom port of the orthogonal mode coupler, respectively, after passing through a bend in the waveguide.
[0029] Example 5
[0030] like Figures 1-5As shown, a waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band includes: an upper waveguide power divider network 5 and a lower waveguide power divider network 6. Several square waveguide corrugated horn antenna elements 2 are arranged on the upper side of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks 5 and 6. A metal cross grid 1 is arranged on the upper side of each square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2. An orthogonal mode coupler 3 is provided between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element 2 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. A directional coupler 4 is provided between the orthogonal mode coupler 3 and the upper waveguide power divider network 5. The bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler. The through port and coupling port of the directional coupler are connected to the input ports of the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks, respectively. The directional coupler is a four-port device, with port 1 being the input port, port 2 being the through port, port 3 being the coupling port, and port 4 being the isolation port.
[0031] The square waveguide horn of this invention operates in a dominant mode circularly polarized state. An orthogonal mode coupler is used for orthogonal mode synthesis. Two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized waves entering the orthogonal mode coupler from the sidewall waveguide and bottom bend waveguide are synthesized into a circularly polarized wave in the orthogonal mode coupler, and finally radiated outwards through the square waveguide horn. Both the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks operate in the Ka band. When the waveguide array antenna operates in transmit mode, the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are respectively fed with electromagnetic waves of the same amplitude but 90° out of phase. After being synthesized into a circularly polarized wave in the orthogonal mode coupler, the electromagnetic wave is radiated outwards through the square waveguide horn. When the waveguide array antenna operates in receive mode, the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are respectively fed with electromagnetic waves of the same amplitude but -90° out of phase. After being synthesized into a circularly polarized wave in the orthogonal mode coupler, the electromagnetic wave is radiated outwards through the square waveguide horn. The upper and lower waveguide power divider networks are provided with electromagnetic waves of the same amplitude but 90° phase difference by waveguide directional couplers. When an electromagnetic wave is input to the input end, the through end and coupling end of the waveguide directional coupler will output electromagnetic waves of the same amplitude but 90° phase difference, and connect to the upper and lower waveguide power divider networks respectively.
[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band, comprising: The upper waveguide power divider network (5) and the lower waveguide power divider network (6) are characterized in that: the upper waveguide power divider network (5) and the lower waveguide power divider network (6) are provided with a plurality of square waveguide corrugated horn antenna units (2) on the upper side, the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna unit (2) is provided with a metal cross grid (1) on the upper side, an orthogonal mode coupler (3) is provided between the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna unit (2) and the upper waveguide power divider network (5), a directional coupler (4) is provided between the orthogonal mode coupler (3) and the upper waveguide power divider network (5), and the bottom port of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna unit is connected to the top port of the orthogonal mode coupler.
2. The waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal mode coupler is a three-port device. Its top port is connected to a square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element, and the number of such elements is the same as that of the square waveguide corrugated horn antenna element. The ports on the side wall and the bottom of the orthogonal mode coupler are connected to the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network, respectively.
3. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are composed of multiple E-plane T-junctions cascaded together.
4. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 3, characterized in that: The total input port dimensions of the upper and lower waveguide power dividers are standard waveguide dimensions. Due to structural size limitations, the input port faces downwards and is connected to the E-plane T-junction of the first stage after bending.
5. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are both designed with tuning structures at the waveguide bends and before connecting to the first-level E-plane T-junction. The bends are gradually tapered, and the connection with the E-plane T-junction is a symmetrical tuning step.
6. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waveguide connecting the first-stage E-plane T-junction and the second-stage E-plane T-junction also uses a graded tuning structure, and the final-stage E-plane T-junction is connected to an orthogonal mode coupler.
7. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output ports of the upper waveguide power divider network and the lower waveguide power divider network are connected to the side port and bottom port of the orthogonal mode coupler, respectively, after passing through the elbow waveguide.
8. A waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through end and coupling end of the directional coupler are respectively connected to the input end of the upper waveguide power divider network and the input end of the lower waveguide power divider network.
9. The waveguide array antenna for the Ka-band as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The directional coupler is a four-port device, with port 1 being the input port, port 2 being the through port, port 3 being the coupling port, and port 4 being the isolation port.