Small-scale indoor pyrotechnic characteristic simulation device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small -size indoor fireworks characteristic simulation device, including the box, the box has the smoke storehouse inside, and the box includes at least six end faces that are respectively located front side, back side, left side, right side, top and bottom, is provided with the ventilation opening that is connected with the smoke storehouse inside of box and the movable door that is closed with the ventilation opening cooperation on at least two end faces of front side, back side, left side, right side, the inner wall of smoke storehouse is covered with the fireproof plate made of high temperature resistant material, the movable door sliding or rotation is arranged in the box outside. Small -size indoor fireworks characteristic simulation device of the utility model is used for the demonstration and training purposes of fire fighting, and has low, economic durable, safety higher advantage to the site requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device. Background Technology

[0002] Fire and smoke simulation devices are important facilities for grassroots commanders and fighters to understand the patterns of smoke and fire diffusion, temperature distribution, and toxic components in fires. They are playing an increasingly important role in the daily training of grassroots commanders and fighters.

[0003] Currently, grassroots fire brigades face a series of challenges regarding smoke and fire simulation training facilities. First, traditional smoke and fire simulation facilities are expensive, resulting in low adoption rates and leaving most new recruits without practical training opportunities. Second, these facilities typically occupy a large area and require professional maintenance, posing a significant obstacle for grassroots brigades with limited space and resources, thus restricting training implementation. Third, the operation of conventional smoke and fire simulation facilities requires a high degree of specialization and strict safety control standards, making it impossible for most grassroots brigades to meet the conditions for conducting such training due to a lack of corresponding professional skills and safety measures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective, space-saving, easy-to-operate, and safe smoke and fire simulation facilities for fire demonstrations and training, thereby improving the training quality and efficiency of grassroots brigades. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this utility model provides a small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device that has low site requirements, is economical and durable, and has high safety, for fire protection demonstration and training purposes.

[0005] This utility model discloses a small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device, comprising a box body containing a smoke chamber. The box body has at least six end faces located on the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom sides. At least two end faces on the front, rear, left, and right sides are provided with ventilation openings connected to the smoke chamber inside the box body, and movable doors that cooperate with and close the ventilation openings. By opening or closing the ventilation openings on the box body using the movable doors, the flow path of smoke in the smoke chamber inside the box body can be adjusted, which helps to simulate various fire phenomena in real buildings. The inner wall of the smoke chamber is covered with a fireproof board made of high-temperature resistant material, which improves the high-temperature resistance of the box body and allows it to be reused multiple times. The movable doors are slidably or rotatably located on the outside of the box body for easy operation.

[0006] As a first preferred embodiment, the box body is a cuboid structure. The left and right sides of the box body correspond to its length direction. Ventilation openings and movable doors are provided on the left and right end faces of the box body for adjusting the flow path of flue gas inside the smoke chamber. At least one end face of the front and rear sides of the box body is provided with a transparent observation window for observing the combustion situation inside the smoke chamber. The bottom of the box body has a gap, and a through hole is provided between the top of the gap and the bottom of the smoke chamber. A mesh frame is provided at the through hole. The through hole allows air to enter the smoke chamber, and the mesh frame can prevent burning objects inside the smoke chamber from falling out of the through hole, thereby improving safety during use.

[0007] A transparent observation window is provided on the front end face of the enclosure. This window is located on one side of the front end face and is adjacent to the top, bottom, and left inner wall of the smoke chamber. This improves the observation range and effectiveness of the interior of the enclosure. A ventilation opening and a movable door are located on the upper part of the other side of the front end face of the enclosure. This ventilation opening and movable door are located adjacent to the top and right inner wall of the smoke chamber, and are positioned relatively high relative to the bottom inner wall of the smoke chamber. Multiple transparent observation windows are provided on the rear end face of the enclosure. These windows are spaced apart along the length of the enclosure and are adjacent to the top, bottom, left inner wall, and right inner wall of the smoke chamber. The use of multiple transparent observation windows, compared to a single window, improves the overall structural strength and fire resistance of the enclosure and further enhances the visibility inside the smoke chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, a set of ventilation openings and movable doors are provided on the left end face of the enclosure, with the movable doors positioned adjacent to the top, bottom, front inner wall, and rear inner wall of the smoke chamber; three sets of ventilation openings and movable doors are provided on the right end face of the enclosure, with two sets of ventilation openings and movable doors positioned on one side of the right end face of the enclosure, arranged longitudinally, and positioned adjacent to the top, bottom, and front inner wall of the smoke chamber; the other set of ventilation openings and movable doors is positioned in the middle of the other side of the right end face of the enclosure, and positioned adjacent to the rear inner wall of the smoke chamber, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the smoke flow path and being able to simulate the characteristics of indoor flashover, backfire, and rollover under different ventilation conditions.

[0009] As a second preferred embodiment, the box body has an H-shaped structure, which is formed by combining multiple rectangular sub-boxes. It includes two sets of longitudinally arranged sub-boxes and one set of transversely arranged sub-boxes. The transversely arranged set of sub-boxes is connected to the middle of the two longitudinally arranged sets of sub-boxes to simulate a connecting corridor. The top and bottom of the box body have three end faces. Each sub-box includes a connected smoke chamber, and smoke can flow between different sub-boxes. Each sub-box has a ventilation opening and a movable door on its front side.

[0010] Furthermore, the tops of the two sub-boxes located at the top of the H-shaped structure are equipped with the aforementioned ventilation openings and movable doors, and the outer sides of the two sub-boxes located on both sides of the middle of the H-shaped structure are also equipped with the aforementioned ventilation openings and movable doors, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the flue gas flow path.

[0011] Furthermore, two adjacent sub-boxes are separated by a partition, with an opening in the center of the partition to reduce the flow of flue gas and improve the realism of the simulation effect.

[0012] The second preferred scheme described above can simulate the fire situation of the connecting corridor building, especially the smoke flow in different areas of the connecting corridor building, and intuitively understand the characteristics of smoke and fire such as "wind-driven fire" and "chimney effect".

[0013] As a third preferred embodiment, the housing has a hexahedral structure. A horizontal plate is provided in the smoke chamber of the housing, which divides the smoke chamber into an upper smoke chamber and a lower smoke chamber. A connecting hole is provided on the horizontal plate, and a movable plate that cooperates with the connecting hole to close it is provided. The movable plate can be used to adjust the connection between the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber. The ventilation openings and movable doors on the left and right end faces of the housing are each provided in two sets. The two sets of ventilation openings and movable doors on the left and right sides of the housing are respectively connected to the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber, and can be used to adjust the smoke flow path of the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the movable plate and the housing form a sliding fit, which not only allows for the opening and closing of the connection hole but also adjusts the flow rate of the flue gas. One end of the movable plate is sealed with the connection hole, and the other end of the movable plate passes through the side wall of the housing and is placed outside the housing. The other end of the movable plate is provided with a stop that cooperates with the housing to limit its movement and allows for hand gripping and operation, which can prevent the movable plate from completely entering the housing and facilitate on-site operation during simulation training.

[0015] The third preferred option described above can simulate the situation of a fire in a street-front shop, and in particular, it can be used to simulate the characteristics of smoke and fire flow in a common two-story shop fire, and the impact of smoke and fire under different ventilation conditions on different floors.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: the small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device of this utility model has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is economical and durable. It takes into account the influence of different ventilation conditions on smoke and fire characteristics, and is simple and safe to operate. In addition, it occupies little space and has low requirements for the site of use, and has good portability. It helps to strengthen the fire smoke identification and judgment ability of grassroots commanders and fighters, scientifically understand fire risk and combustion mechanism, reduce the cost of use at the grassroots level and improve the training coverage rate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a rear view of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a left view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a rear view of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a rear view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a side view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The structure of the small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device of Embodiment 1 of this utility model is as follows: Figure 1-5As shown, the device includes a housing 1, which contains a smoke chamber 11. The housing 1 has six end faces located at the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom. Ventilation openings 12 connected to the smoke chamber 11 are provided on the front, left, and right end faces, along with movable doors 2 that cooperate with and close the ventilation openings 12. Opening or closing the ventilation openings 12 using the movable doors 2 allows adjustment of the smoke flow path within the smoke chamber 11, facilitating the simulation of various fire phenomena in real-world buildings. The inner wall of the smoke chamber 11 is covered with a fireproof board made of a high-temperature resistant material, such as ceramic fiberboard, improving the housing 1's high-temperature resistance and enabling repeated use, thereby reducing operating costs. The movable doors 2 are hinged and rotate on the outside of the housing 1 for easy operation from the outside.

[0028] In this embodiment, the box 1 is a cuboid structure. The left and right sides of the box 1 correspond to its length direction. Transparent observation windows 3 are provided on the two end faces of the box 1 at the front and rear sides for observing the combustion inside the smoke chamber 11. The bottom of the box 1 has a gap 10. A through hole is provided between the top of the gap 10 and the bottom of the smoke chamber 11. A mesh frame 4 is provided at the through hole. The through hole allows air to enter the smoke chamber 11. The mesh frame 4 can prevent burning objects inside the smoke chamber 11 from falling out of the through hole, thus improving safety during use.

[0029] A transparent observation window 3 is provided on the front end face of the housing 1. This window 3 is positioned on one side of the front end face, adjacent to the top, bottom, and left inner wall of the smoke chamber 11, thus increasing the observation range and improving the observation effect inside the housing 1. A ventilation opening 12 and a movable door 2 are provided on the upper part of the other side of the front end face of the housing 1. These are positioned adjacent to the top and right inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. The ventilation opening 12 is at a relatively high position relative to the bottom inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. Figure 1 As shown; multiple transparent observation windows 3 are provided on the rear end face of the housing 1. These windows 3 are spaced apart along the length of the housing 1 and are located adjacent to the top, bottom, left inner wall, and right inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. Figure 2 As shown, the arrangement of multiple transparent observation windows 3, compared to a single large transparent observation window 3, can improve the overall structural strength of the enclosure 1 and its fire resistance due to the vertical walls between adjacent transparent observation windows 3, and can also further improve the visibility range inside the smoke chamber 11.

[0030] Example 1 provides a basic cabinet structure, which can be called a "basic fire cabinet". Through the cooperation of its ventilation opening 12 and movable door 2, the following scenarios can be simulated:

[0031] Flashover phenomenon simulation, flashover phenomenon caused by ventilation in different areas;

[0032] Smoke explosion simulation, a smoke explosion caused by a sudden influx of fresh air under limited ventilation conditions;

[0033] Smoke flow simulation, showing smoke flow phenomena under different ventilation conditions and areas.

[0034] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, a set of ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 are provided on the left end face of the box body 1. The movable doors 2 are located adjacent to the top, bottom, front inner wall, and rear inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. Three sets of ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 are provided on the right end face of the box body 1. Two sets of ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 are located on one side of the right end face of the box body 1, arranged longitudinally, and located adjacent to the top, bottom, and front inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. The other set of ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 is located in the middle of the other side of the right end face of the box body 1, and located adjacent to the rear inner wall of the smoke chamber 11. This improves the adjustment effect of the smoke flow path and can be used to simulate the smoke and fire characteristics such as indoor flashover, backfire, and rollover under different ventilation conditions.

[0035] The structure of the small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device of Embodiment 2 of this utility model is as follows: Figure 6-8 As shown, the enclosure includes an H-shaped box 1 with a smoke chamber 11 inside. The box 1 has ten end faces located at the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom. Each of the five end faces (front, left, right, and top) has a ventilation opening 12 connected to the smoke chamber inside the box, and a movable door 2 that cooperates with and closes the ventilation opening 12. By opening or closing the ventilation opening 12 using the movable door 2, the flow path of the smoke in the smoke chamber 11 inside the box 1 can be adjusted, which helps to simulate various fire phenomena in real buildings. The inner wall of the smoke chamber 11 is covered with a fireproof board made of a high-temperature resistant material, such as ceramic fiber board, to improve the high-temperature resistance of the box 1 and enable it to be reused multiple times. The movable door 2 is slidably located on the outside of the box 1 for easy operation and to adjust the amount of smoke flow.

[0036] The box 1 is formed by combining multiple rectangular sub-boxes, including two sets of longitudinally arranged sub-boxes and one set of transversely arranged sub-boxes. The transversely arranged set of sub-boxes connects to the middle of the two longitudinally arranged sets of sub-boxes, simulating a connecting corridor structure. (Refer to...) Figure 6 , Figure 7The top and bottom of the box 1 each have three end faces. Each sub-box includes a connected smoke chamber. The smoke chambers of these sub-boxes are connected together to form the smoke chamber of the entire box 1. Smoke can flow between different sub-boxes. Each sub-box is provided with a ventilation opening 12 and a movable door 2 on its front side.

[0037] Ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 located on the two end faces of the top of the housing 1 are respectively set at the two top positions of the H-shaped structure. Ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 are also set on the outer sides of the two sub-housings located on both sides of the middle of the H-shaped structure, which can improve the adjustment effect of flue gas flow path.

[0038] like Figure 8 As shown, two adjacent sub-boxes are separated by a partition 13. The partition 13 has an opening 131 in the center, which can reduce the flow of flue gas and improve the realism of the simulation effect.

[0039] The scheme in Example 2 can simulate the fire situation of the connecting corridor building, especially the smoke flow in different areas of the connecting corridor building, and intuitively understand the characteristics of smoke and fire such as "wind-driven fire" and "chimney effect".

[0040] Example 1 provides a box-shaped structure for simulating a connecting corridor building, which, through the cooperation of its ventilation opening 12 and movable door 2, can simulate the following scenarios:

[0041] Fire simulation of connecting corridor buildings, simulating the fire characteristics of fires occurring in different areas of typical connecting corridor buildings;

[0042] Flashover phenomenon on the second floor: a flashover phenomenon that occurs when ventilation is suddenly opened on the second floor under the condition of restricted ventilation on the first floor.

[0043] Simulation of wind-driven fire phenomenon: Simulates the wind-driven fire phenomenon caused by ventilation in different areas of a connecting corridor building.

[0044] The structure of the small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device in Embodiment 3 of this utility model is as follows: Figure 9-10 As shown, the device includes a housing 1, which contains a smoke chamber 11. The housing 1 has six end faces located at the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom. Ventilation openings 12 connected to the smoke chamber are provided on the left and right end faces, along with movable doors 2 that cooperate with and close the ventilation openings 12. The movable doors 2 allow for the opening and closing of the ventilation openings 12, adjusting the smoke flow path within the smoke chamber 11. This helps simulate various fire phenomena in real-world buildings. The inner wall of the smoke chamber is covered with a fireproof board made of a high-temperature resistant material, such as ceramic fiberboard, improving the housing 1's high-temperature resistance and enabling repeated use. The movable doors 2 are slidably located on the outside of the housing for easy operation and adjustment of the smoke flow rate.

[0045] The box 1 has a hexahedral structure. A horizontal plate 14 is provided in the smoke chamber 11 of the box 1. The horizontal plate 14 divides the smoke chamber 11 of the box into an upper smoke chamber and a lower smoke chamber. A connecting hole is provided on the horizontal plate 14. A movable plate 5 is provided at the connecting hole and is closed with the connecting hole. The movable plate 5 can be used to adjust the connection between the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber. The ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 on the end faces of the left and right sides of the box are each set in two. The two sets of ventilation openings 12 and movable doors 2 on the left and right sides of the box are respectively connected to the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber, and can be used to adjust the flue gas flow path of the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber respectively.

[0046] The movable plate 5 and the housing 1 form a sliding fit. In addition to opening and closing the connection hole, it can also adjust the flow rate of flue gas. One end of the movable plate 5 is closed with the connection hole, and the other end of the movable plate 5 passes through the side wall of the housing 1 and is placed outside the housing. The other end of the movable plate 5 is provided with a stop 51 that cooperates with the housing to limit the movement and can be gripped by hand. The stop 51 can prevent the movable plate 5 from completely entering the housing 1 and can be operated conveniently and safely on site during simulation training.

[0047] Example 3 can simulate fires in street-front shops, especially the smoke and fire flow characteristics of fires in common two-story shops, and the impact of ventilation conditions on smoke and fire on different floors (upper smoke chamber corresponds to the upper floor, lower smoke chamber corresponds to the lower floor). For example, it can simulate the flashover phenomenon when a fire occurs on the first floor of a street-front shop under different ventilation conditions; it can simulate the smoke and fire characteristics when a fire occurs on the second floor of a street-front shop; it can simulate the flashover phenomenon when the second floor of a street-front shop is under restricted ventilation conditions; and it can simulate the development characteristics of smoke and fire on the first and second floors of a street-front shop under good ventilation conditions.

[0048] In practical use, this invention can use fans, blowers, or other fans in conjunction with the ventilation opening 12 to bring outside air into the smoke chamber 11, thereby achieving ventilation and improving training and demonstration effects.

[0049] This utility model's small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device is mainly used to enhance grassroots commanders' ability to identify and judge fire smoke, enabling them to better understand the flow path of smoke in a fire, intuitively identify various fire phenomena (such as flashover, backfire, and rolling combustion), and scientifically understand and master the early signs of typical fire risks (temperature and smoke change trends and critical conditions) and combustion mechanisms, in order to cultivate and improve the level of "scientific risk identification" and enhance the safety management capabilities of commanders. At the same time, this simulation setting will also be used to study the impact of different wind forces, different window (door) opening forms, different water jet methods, and different fire-fighting facilities on smoke exhaust, heat dissipation, and fire extinguishing in fire fighting, so as to facilitate the adoption of the best fire-fighting tactics in actual combat. Of course, in order to achieve these effects, it is also necessary to use it in conjunction with water guns, fans, igniters, and other devices.

[0050] The above embodiments are merely one preferred embodiment of the present utility model. Ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model's technical solution are all included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device, characterized in that: The device includes a housing with a smoke chamber inside. The housing has at least six end faces located on the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom sides. At least two end faces on the front, rear, left, and right sides are provided with ventilation openings that connect to the smoke chamber inside the housing and movable doors that cooperate with and close the ventilation openings. The inner wall of the smoke chamber is covered with a fireproof board made of high-temperature resistant material. The movable door is slidably or rotatably located on the outside of the housing.

2. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box is a cuboid structure. The left and right sides of the box correspond to its length direction. Ventilation openings and movable doors are provided on the left and right end faces of the box. A transparent observation window is provided on at least one end face of the box on the front and rear sides. The bottom of the box has a gap. A through hole is provided between the top of the gap and the bottom of the smoke chamber. A wire mesh is provided at the through hole.

3. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transparent observation window is provided on the front end face of the housing, located on one side of the front end face, adjacent to the top, bottom, and left inner wall of the smoke chamber. A ventilation opening and a movable door are provided on the upper part of the other side of the front end face of the housing, adjacent to the top and right inner wall of the smoke chamber. Multiple transparent observation windows are provided on the rear end face of the housing, spaced apart along the length of the housing, adjacent to the top, bottom, left inner wall, and right inner wall of the smoke chamber.

4. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A set of ventilation openings and movable doors is provided on the left end face of the housing, and the movable doors are located adjacent to the top, bottom, front inner wall, and rear inner wall of the smoke chamber. Three sets of ventilation openings and movable doors are provided on the right end face of the housing, two of which are located on one side of the right end face of the housing, arranged longitudinally, and located adjacent to the top, bottom, and front inner wall of the smoke chamber. The other set of ventilation openings and movable doors is located in the middle of the other side of the right end face of the housing, and located adjacent to the rear inner wall of the smoke chamber.

5. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure has an H-shaped structure, which is formed by combining multiple rectangular sub-enclosures. It includes two sets of longitudinally arranged sub-enclosures and one set of transversely arranged sub-enclosures. The transversely arranged sub-enclosures are connected to the middle of the two longitudinally arranged sub-enclosures. The top and bottom of the enclosure have three end faces. Each sub-enclosure includes a connected smoke chamber. The front of each sub-enclosure is provided with the ventilation opening and the movable door.

6. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the two sub-boxes located at the top of the H-shaped structure are equipped with the aforementioned ventilation openings and movable doors, and the outer sides of the two sub-boxes located on both sides of the middle of the H-shaped structure are also equipped with the aforementioned ventilation openings and movable doors.

7. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two adjacent sub-boxes are separated by a partition, and the partition has an opening in the center.

8. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box has a hexahedral structure. A horizontal plate is provided in the smoke chamber of the box, which divides the smoke chamber into an upper smoke chamber and a lower smoke chamber. A connecting hole is provided on the horizontal plate, and a movable plate that cooperates with the connecting hole to close it is provided at the connecting hole. The ventilation openings and movable doors on the left and right end faces of the box are each provided in two sets. The two sets of ventilation openings and movable doors on the left and right sides of the box are respectively connected to the upper smoke chamber and the lower smoke chamber.

9. The small indoor smoke and fire characteristic simulation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The movable plate and the box body are in a sliding fit. One end of the movable plate is fitted and closed with the connecting hole, and the other end of the movable plate passes through the side wall of the box body and is placed on the outside of the box body. The other end of the movable plate is provided with a stop block that fits and limits the box body and can be gripped and operated by hand.

Images