Carbonization and activation system for preparing coal pitch-based porous material

Abstract

The utility model discloses a carbonization and activation system for preparing a coal pitch-based porous material, which comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder for outputting a gas source, a gas output end in the high-pressure gas cylinder is connected with an input end of a tubular reactor after being decompressed, and a tail output end of the tubular reactor is connected with an input end of a condenser through a heat tracing pipeline; the bottom output end of the condenser is connected with the product discharge system, the top product output end of the condenser is connected with the adsorption and desorption system, and the top output end of the adsorption and desorption system outputs exhaust gas. The device has the structural characteristics of preventing equipment from being blocked and treating polluted tail gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of activation systems for preparing porous materials, specifically relating to a carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials. Background Technology

[0002] Porous materials, as a class of materials with abundant pore structures, are widely used in catalyst supports, adsorption separation, energy storage materials, biomedicine, monitoring and sensing, and other fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Compared with coal-based porous materials, coal tar pitch-based porous materials are widely available and inexpensive, while also possessing excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, they have broad application value in electrochemistry and as electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.

[0003] Electrochemical energy storage porous materials require a large specific surface area, and the conventional preparation method is chemical activation. Currently, there are two main problems with preparing porous materials using coal tar pitch via chemical activation. First, coal tar pitch contains a large amount of light components, which generate a large amount of volatile light components and some water vapor during carbonization and activation. These volatile components and water vapor are easily liquefied upon cooling, and under the influence of surface tension, they can clog pipelines and valves in the reaction system, causing system overpressure. Second, compared to coal-based porous materials, coal tar pitch contains more heteroatom compounds such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. During carbonization and activation, these form small molecule compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. To prevent these small molecule compounds from being released into the atmosphere and polluting the environment, a tail gas adsorption-desorption system is installed at the end of the system.

[0004] The existing equipment has the following two problems in the preparation of porous materials using coal tar pitch as raw material and chemical activation method: First, the volatile organic components and some water vapor generated during the reaction process liquefy at the back end of the tubular reactor after cooling, clogging pipelines and valves and causing system overpressure; Second, a large amount of volatile organic gases are generated during the reaction process, which will cause environmental pollution if directly discharged into the atmosphere. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a carbonization and activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials, which effectively solves the problems of system blockage and environmental pollution. The system has structural features to prevent equipment blockage and treat polluting exhaust gas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A carbonization and activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials includes a high-pressure gas cylinder 1 that provides a gas source. The gas output end of the high-pressure gas cylinder 1 is connected to the input end of a tubular reactor 2 after being depressurized. The output end of the tubular reactor 2 is connected to the input end of a condenser 3 via a heat tracing pipeline 4.

[0008] The bottom output end of the condenser 3 is connected to the product 7 discharge system, and the top product output end is connected to the adsorption and desorption system. The top output end of the adsorption and desorption system outputs external exhaust gas 8.

[0009] The adsorption-desorption system includes two parallel circuits;

[0010] The pipeline connected to the top of condenser 3 is split into two before entering the adsorption-desorption system;

[0011] The first path is connected to the first adsorption column 5 via the input pipeline. Valve 14 is installed on the input pipeline, and valve 10 is installed on the output pipeline of the first adsorption column 5.

[0012] The second path is connected to the second adsorption column 6 via an input pipeline. Valve 15 is installed on the input pipeline, and valve 11 is installed on the output pipeline of the second adsorption column 6.

[0013] The two output pipelines converge after passing through valve 10 and valve 21 to exhaust external exhaust gas 8.

[0014] A pipeline is installed between the input pipeline of valve 5 14 and the input pipeline of valve 6 15. Valve 3 12 and valve 4 13 are installed on the pipeline. An output pipeline is connected between valve 3 12 and valve 4 13. The output pipeline is used to discharge the desorbed gas 9.

[0015] The output end of the desorption gas 9 of the output pipeline is connected to a vacuum pump.

[0016] The adsorption column 5 and the adsorption column 6 are connected in parallel. They are controlled by valves, with one column performing adsorption and the other performing desorption.

[0017] The high-pressure gas cylinder 1 is connected to the tubular reactor 2, and the medium is an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or carbon dioxide.

[0018] The tubular reactor 2 is a high-temperature tubular reactor with an operating temperature of 20℃-1600℃ and an operating pressure of atmospheric pressure or slightly positive pressure; 1-2 heat-insulating plugs are placed at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the high-temperature tubular reactor.

[0019] The operating temperature of the heat tracing pipeline 4 is 100-200℃.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] This invention adds a heat tracing pipeline 4 between the tubular reactor 2 and the condenser 3, which effectively avoids the condensation of volatile components and some water vapor, thereby preventing the surface tension of the liquefied liquid from clogging the reaction system, causing system overpressure, and affecting operational safety.

[0022] Coal tar pitch contains a large number of heteroatom compounds, which form small heteroatom compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen during carbonization and activation. To prevent these small heteroatom compounds from being released into the atmosphere and polluting the environment, a tail gas adsorption and desorption system is installed at the end of the system to prevent polluting tail gas from being directly released into the atmosphere.

[0023] Powdered coal tar pitch reacts with a chemical activator in a tubular reactor 2 at a certain temperature to generate porous materials, thereby activating the coal tar pitch. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of this utility model.

[0025] 1. High-pressure gas cylinder; 2. Tubular reactor; 3. Condenser; 4. Heat tracing pipeline; 5. Adsorption column No. 1; 6. Adsorption column No. 2; 7. Product at the bottom of the condenser; 8. External exhaust gas; 9. Desorption gas; 10. Valve 1; 11. Valve 2; 12. Valve 3; 13. Valve 4; 14. Valve 5; 15. Valve 6. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown: A carbonization and activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials. Gas from a high-pressure gas cylinder 1 is depressurized and enters a tubular reactor. Gas discharged from the tail end of the tubular reactor enters a condenser 3 via a heated pipeline 4 for gas-liquid separation. The bottom product 7 of the condenser is discharged from the system, while the top product enters an adsorption-desorption system composed of a first adsorption column 5 and a second adsorption column 6. External exhaust gas 8 is discharged from the top of the system, and desorbed gas 9 is discharged from the system via a vacuum pump.

[0028] The gas source is a conventional high-pressure gas cylinder 1, which is connected to a tubular reactor 2. The medium is an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or carbon dioxide.

[0029] The tubular reactor 2 is a high-temperature tubular reactor with an operating temperature of 20℃-1600℃ and an operating pressure of atmospheric pressure or slightly positive pressure. The reactor material is glass, quartz, corundum, or metal. One or two heat-insulating plugs are placed at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the high-temperature tubular reactor to prevent heat loss and increase the load on the reactor heating furnace.

[0030] The condenser 3 operates at atmospheric or slightly positive pressure, with an operating temperature of 5-15℃. It ensures that easily liquefied components and water vapor condensation are discharged from the bottom.

[0031] The heat tracing pipeline 4 operates at a temperature of 100-200℃. This ensures that easily liquefied components and water vapor discharged from the outlet of the tubular reactor 2 remain in a gaseous state, preventing condensation in the pipelines and valves and subsequent blockage due to surface tension.

[0032] The bottom product 7 of the condenser (3) is the easily liquefiable component produced after the activation reaction and some of the condensed water; the exhaust gas 8 is the purified gas after removing impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, which can be directly discharged; the desorbed gas 9 is the polluting gas rich in impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.

[0033] Valve 10, Valve 21, Valve 32, Valve 43, Valve 514, and Valve 615 are ball valves.

[0034] The working principle of this utility model:

[0035] The adsorption and desorption system consists of adsorption column 5 (No. 1), adsorption column 6 (No. 2), and related valves. Adsorption columns 5 and 6 are filled with adsorption material to adsorb organic gases. After adsorption saturation, desorption is achieved using an external vacuum pump. The specific operation is as follows: Taking adsorption by adsorption column 5 on the left and desorption by adsorption column 6 on the right as an example, valves 10, 14, and 13 are opened, while valves 11, 12, and 15 are closed. Gas discharged from the top of condenser 3 enters adsorption column 5 filled with adsorption material through valve 14 to remove organic gases, and then exits the system as exhaust gas 8 through valve 10. Simultaneously, a vacuum pump is connected at desorption gas 9 to desorb the saturated adsorption column 6, and desorption gas 8 is discharged externally.

[0036] The preparation of porous coal tar pitch material is carried out in tubular reactor 2. The newly added heating pipeline and tail gas treatment equipment in this invention are both auxiliary equipment.

Claims

1. A carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials, characterized in that, The gas cylinder (1) includes a high-pressure gas cylinder (1) for outputting gas. The gas output end of the high-pressure gas cylinder (1) is connected to the input end of the tubular reactor (2) after depressurization. The output end of the tubular reactor (2) is connected to the input end of the condenser (3) through a heat tracing pipeline (4). The condenser (3) discharges the product (7) from the bottom output end of the condenser (7) into the system, and connects the top product output end to the adsorption and desorption system. The top output end of the adsorption and desorption system outputs external exhaust gas (8).

2. The carbonization and activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption-desorption system includes two parallel circuits; The pipeline connected to the top of the condenser (3) is divided into two paths before entering the adsorption and desorption system; The first path is connected to the first adsorption column (5) through the input pipeline. Valve 5 (14) is installed on the input pipeline, and valve 1 (10) is installed on the output pipeline of the first adsorption column (5). The second path is connected to the second adsorption column (6) via the input pipeline. Valve 6 (15) is installed on the input pipeline, and valve 2 (11) is installed on the output pipeline of the second adsorption column (6). The two output pipelines merge after passing through valve one (10) and valve two (11) to exhaust external exhaust (8).

3. The carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pipeline is installed between the input pipeline of valve five (14) and the input pipeline of valve six (15). Valve three (12) and valve four (13) are installed on the pipeline. An output pipeline is connected between valve three (12) and valve four (13). The output pipeline is used to discharge desorbed gas (9).

4. The carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output end of the desorption gas (9) of the output pipeline is connected to a vacuum pump.

5. The carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure gas cylinder (1) is connected to the tubular reactor (2), and the medium is nitrogen, argon inert gas or carbon dioxide gas.

6. The carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tubular reactor (2) is a high-temperature tubular reactor with an operating temperature of 20℃-1600℃ and an operating pressure of atmospheric pressure or slightly positive pressure; 1-2 heat-insulating plugs are placed at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the high-temperature tubular reactor.

7. The carbonization activation system for preparing coal tar pitch-based porous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating temperature of the heat tracing pipeline (4) is 100-200℃.

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