Air filtering system for thermal runaway of power battery and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model relates to a filtering system, in particular to an air filtering system for thermal runaway of a power battery and a battery pack, which are used for filtering gas exhausted during thermal runaway of the power battery and comprise a dirty air channel before filtering, a clean air channel after filtering, a filtering main body and a rectifying plate, the before-filtration dirty air channel is communicated with the after-filtration clean air channel; the filtering main body is arranged between the pre-filtering dirty air channel and the post-filtering clean air channel; and the rectifying plate is arranged in the before-filtering dirty air channel. Compared with the prior art, the utility model solves the problem that the prior art lacks a scheme for preventing toxic and harmful gases from being discharged during thermal runaway from the battery level, realizes the purpose of preventing the toxic and harmful gases from being discharged from the battery level, and considers the limitation of the whole vehicle space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a filtration system, specifically an air filtration system for thermal runaway of power batteries and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Power batteries are the power source that provides power to tools. They are a core component of new energy vehicles and an important direction for future energy transformation. Unlike starter batteries used to start car engines, power batteries typically employ valve-sealed lead-acid batteries, open-type tubular lead-acid batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries.

[0003] Currently, with the increasing number of electric vehicles with high battery energy density and their aging, battery thermal runaway safety incidents are occurring frequently. Furthermore, thermal runaway often occurs without warning and is random in timing and location. Battery thermal runaway releases large amounts of toxic and harmful gases, affecting the physical and mental safety of passengers and those around the vehicle, and polluting the environment. Especially when the vehicle's air conditioning is on, the released harmful gases can easily be inhaled into the passenger compartment, causing discomfort and affecting the driver's escape ability. When multiple people are in the vehicle, smoke can also enter when the doors are opened, further hindering the escape opportunities for subsequent passengers.

[0004] There is currently no systematic solution in the industry, especially a solution to prevent the emission of toxic and harmful gases at the battery level. It is necessary to develop such a solution to further improve the safety of power batteries. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an air filtration system and a battery pack for thermal runaway of power batteries in order to solve at least one of the above problems. This solution addresses the lack of a solution in the prior art to prevent the emission of toxic and harmful gases at the battery level during thermal runaway. This solution prevents the emission of toxic and harmful gases at the battery level. Furthermore, considering the limitations of vehicle space, this solution can be integrated into the inside of the battery pack or mounted externally on the outside of the battery pack.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this utility model discloses an air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery, used to filter the gas discharged when the power battery experiences thermal runaway, including a pre-filter dirty air channel, a post-filter clean air channel, a filter body, and a rectifier plate.

[0008] The pre-filter dirty air passage is connected to the post-filter clean air passage;

[0009] The filter element is positioned between the pre-filter dirty air channel and the post-filter clean air channel;

[0010] The rectifier plate is located in the dirty air channel before the filter.

[0011] Preferably, the rectifier plate has a plurality of rectifier holes.

[0012] Preferably, the shape of the rectifier aperture includes rectangular and circular shapes.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the rectifier plate near the dirty air inlet of the pre-filter dirty air channel is connected to the side wall of the pre-filter dirty air channel where the filter body is located, forming a closed end.

[0014] Preferably, the rectifier plate extends from one end of the filter body near the dirty air inlet of the pre-filter dirty air channel to partially or completely cover the filter body.

[0015] Preferably, the shape of the filter body includes flat plate and wavy shape.

[0016] The second aspect of this utility model discloses a battery pack, including a thermal runaway gas channel and a battery pack exhaust channel;

[0017] It also includes an air filtration system for thermal runaway of power batteries as described in any of the above descriptions;

[0018] At least one thermal runaway gas inlet is provided on the thermal runaway gas channel, and at least one battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve is provided on the battery pack exhaust channel.

[0019] The pre-filter dirty air channel is connected to the thermal runaway gas channel, and the post-filter clean air channel is connected to the battery pack exhaust channel.

[0020] The air filtration system is integrated inside the battery pack or attached to the outside of the battery pack, and the air filtration system surrounds the battery cells of the battery pack.

[0021] Preferably, the thermal runaway gas channel and the battery pack exhaust channel are separated by a battery pack channel partition plate.

[0022] Preferably, the air filtration system has several stages connected in parallel.

[0023] Preferably, in the air filtration system at each stage: the thermal runaway gas channels are connected in sequence, the battery pack exhaust channels are connected in sequence, the pre-filter dirty air channels are separated by a filter body partition plate, and the post-filter clean air channels are separated by a filter body partition plate.

[0024] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0025] When the battery cells of the battery pack experience thermal runaway, the mixed dirty air containing particulate matter and harmful gases is pushed into the pre-filter dirty air channel by the internal air pressure of the battery pack and passes through the filter body. Due to the effect of the rectifier plate, the gas can pass through the filter body evenly. At this time, the toxic and harmful components in the thermal runaway gas will be adsorbed, captured and intercepted by the filter body. Clean air flows out of the filter body and enters the post-filter clean air channel.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This solution incorporates a structural design to prevent the emission of toxic and harmful gases at the battery level. Furthermore, taking into account the limitations of vehicle space, the air filtration system can be integrated into the battery pack or mounted externally.

[0028] By using this air filtration system, the large amount of toxic and harmful gases discharged during battery thermal runaway can be effectively filtered and treated to discharge clean air, which can effectively improve the survival rate of personnel during battery thermal runaway and avoid injury or death caused by poisoning or suffocation due to inhalation of large amounts of toxic and harmful gases.

[0029] The rectifier plate installed in front of the filter body can rectify the dirty air to be filtered, thereby improving the gas velocity and flow uniformity through the filter body, which in turn can improve the utilization rate of the filter body and reduce the difficulty of exhausting the battery thermal runaway; at the same time, it can also reduce the size of the filter body to a certain extent, thereby saving costs.

[0030] This air filtration system can be constructed from multiple parallel structures to accommodate battery packs and cells of different sizes, demonstrating good adaptability and application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the two-stage parallel air filtration system integrated into the battery pack in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure of region B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the CC section;

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Cell A; 2-Cell B; 3.1-First-stage thermal runaway gas inlet; 3.2-Second-stage thermal runaway gas inlet; 4.1-First-stage thermal runaway gas channel; 4.2-Second-stage thermal runaway gas channel; 5.1-First-stage battery pack channel partition; 5.2-Second-stage battery pack channel partition; 6.1-First-stage dirty air inlet; 6.2-Second-stage dirty air inlet; 7.1-First-stage pre-filter dirty air rectification channel; 7.2-Second-stage pre-filter dirty air rectification channel; 8.1-First-stage filter body partition; 8.2-Second-stage filter body partition; 9.1-First-stage pre-filter dirty air Channels; 9.2 - Dirty air channel before secondary filter; 10.1 - Primary rectifier plate; 10.2 - Secondary rectifier plate; 10.1.1 - Rectifier orifice; 11.1 - Primary filter body; 11.2 - Secondary filter body; 12.1 - Clean air channel after primary filter; 12.2 - Clean air channel after secondary filter; 13.1 - Clean air outlet after primary filter; 13.2 - Clean air outlet after secondary filter; 14.1 - Primary battery pack exhaust channel; 14.2 - Secondary battery pack exhaust channel; 15.1 - Primary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve; 15.2 - Secondary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] An air filtration system for thermal runaway of power batteries, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the gas used to filter out the gas emitted during thermal runaway of the power battery includes

[0038] Dirty air passage before filtration, clean air passage after filtration, filter body and rectifier plate;

[0039] The pre-filter dirty air passage is connected to the post-filter clean air passage;

[0040] The filter element is positioned between the pre-filter dirty air channel and the post-filter clean air channel;

[0041] The rectifier plate is located in the dirty air channel before the filter.

[0042] More specifically, in this embodiment:

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the air filtration system in this embodiment is integrated inside the battery pack, meaning that each channel of the air filtration system utilizes the existing exhaust channels inside the battery pack.

[0044] The battery pack includes two stacks, one on the left and one on the right. Each stack has 5 layers of cells A1 and 5 layers of cells B2, as well as a thermal runaway gas channel on the left side of cell B2 and a battery pack exhaust channel on the right side of cell A1. The thermal runaway gas channel is provided with several thermal runaway gas inlets, and the battery pack exhaust channel is provided with at least one battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve.

[0045] For this battery pack, the air filtration system adopts a two-stage parallel structure to provide a larger gas passage and filtration area, ensuring that if the power battery experiences thermal runaway and releases a large amount of toxic and harmful gases, the gas can be filtered and discharged quickly and efficiently, avoiding gas accumulation; at the same time, the two-stage parallel air filtration system can fully adapt to and cover the size of the battery pack.

[0046] Corresponding to this two-stage parallel air filtration system, such as Figure 1 The thermal runaway gas passage is divided into a primary thermal runaway gas passage 4.1 and a secondary thermal runaway gas passage 4.2, which are connected vertically. The thermal runaway gas inlets on these passages are correspondingly divided into a primary thermal runaway gas inlet 3.1 and a secondary thermal runaway gas inlet 3.2. The battery pack exhaust passage is divided into a primary battery pack exhaust passage 14.1 and a secondary battery pack exhaust passage 14.2, which are connected vertically. The battery pack exhaust pressure relief valves on these passages are correspondingly divided into a primary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve 15.1 and a secondary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve 15.2.

[0047] This two-stage parallel air filtration system is located between cell B2 and cell A1 and serves as the filtration component.

[0048] The filtration system consists of a primary filter body 11.1 located at the bottom, a primary filter pre-dirty air rectifier channel 7.1, a primary rectifier plate 10.1, a primary filter pre-dirty air channel 9.1, and a primary filter post-clean air channel 12.1, and a secondary filter body 11.2 located at the top, a secondary filter pre-dirty air rectifier channel 7.2, a secondary rectifier plate 10.2, a secondary filter pre-dirty air channel 9.2, and a secondary filter post-clean air channel 12.2.

[0049] The primary pre-filter dirty air rectification channel 7.1 and the secondary pre-filter dirty air rectification channel 7.2 are respectively connected to their respective primary thermal runaway gas channels 4.1 and 4.2 via the primary dirty air inlet 6.1 and the secondary dirty air inlet 6.2. The primary rectifier plate 10.1 and the secondary rectifier plate 10.2 are respectively disposed within the primary pre-filter dirty air rectification channel 7.1 and the secondary pre-filter dirty air rectification channel 7.2. The primary pre-filter dirty air channel 9.1 and the secondary pre-filter dirty air channel 9.2 are respectively connected downstream of the primary pre-filter dirty air rectification channel 7.1 and the secondary pre-filter dirty air channel 9.2 and the secondary pre-filter dirty air channel 7.2 can be collectively referred to as the pre-filter dirty air rectification channel. The first-stage pre-filter dirty air rectifier channel 7.1, the first-stage rectifier plate 10.1, and the first-stage pre-filter dirty air channel 9.1 are all located on the air inlet side of the first-stage filter body 11.1, while the first-stage post-filter clean air channel 12.1 is located on the air outlet side of the first-stage filter body 11.1; the second-stage pre-filter dirty air rectifier channel 7.2, the second-stage rectifier plate 10.2, and the second-stage pre-filter dirty air channel 9.2 are all located on the air inlet side of the second-stage filter body 11.2, while the second-stage post-filter clean air channel 12.2 is located on the air outlet side of the second-stage filter body 11.2.

[0050] like Figure 2 , 3As shown, one end of the first-stage rectifier plate 10.1 near the first-stage dirty air inlet 6.1 is connected to the side wall of the first-stage pre-filter dirty air rectifier channel 7.1, where the first-stage filter body 11.1 is located, forming a closed section. The other end extends to the middle of the first-stage filter body 11.1. Thus, the gas entering through the first-stage dirty air inlet 6.1 must be rectified by the rectifier plate or flow to the first-stage pre-filter dirty air channel 9.1 before passing through the first-stage filter body 11.1. Similarly, one end of the second-stage rectifier plate 10.2 near the second-stage dirty air inlet 6.2 is connected to the side wall of the second-stage pre-filter dirty air rectifier channel 7.2, where the second-stage filter body 11.2 is located, forming a closed section. The other end extends to the middle of the second-stage filter body 11.2. Thus, the gas entering through the second-stage dirty air inlet 6.2 must be rectified by the rectifier plate or flow to the second-stage pre-filter dirty air channel 9.2 before passing through the second-stage filter body 11.2. Both the primary rectifier plate 10.1 and the secondary rectifier plate 10.2 have several rectifier holes 10.1.1, which can be square, circular, etc., and their size and number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The size of the rectifier plates can also be adjusted to accommodate filter bodies of different sizes (corresponding to different sizes and types of battery packs). This structure improves the gas velocity and flow uniformity through the filter body, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the filter body and reducing the difficulty of venting battery thermal runaway. Simultaneously, this structure also allows for a reduction in the size of the filter body, thus saving costs. Therefore, the end of the filter body closest to the dirty air inlet has a certain distance, rather than the entire surface being the filter body.

[0051] Since this air filtration system is directly integrated inside the battery pack, the primary thermal runaway gas channel 4.1, the primary filtered clean air channel 12.1, the secondary thermal runaway gas channel 4.2, and the secondary filtered clean air channel 12.2 are all original battery pack channels. Therefore, in this air filtration system, the channels located on both sides of the primary filter body 11.1 and the secondary filter body 11.2 are separated by a primary battery pack channel partition plate 5.1 and a secondary battery pack channel partition plate 5.2 to prevent unfiltered dirty air from flowing out directly.

[0052] For this two-stage parallel air filtration system, the primary filter body 11.1 and the secondary filter body 11.2 are respectively equipped with a partition plate 8.1 for the primary filter body 11.1 and a partition plate 8.2 for the secondary filter body 11.2 at the ends away from the corresponding dirty air inlets, between the primary filter pre-filter dirty air channel 9.1 and the secondary filter pre-filter dirty air channel 9.2, and between the primary filter post-filter clean air channel 12.1 and the secondary filter post-filter clean air channel 12.2, so that each stage of filtration can be implemented independently and avoid mutual interference.

[0053] The primary filter element 11.1 and the secondary filter element 11.2 can absorb harmful gases and intercept particulate matter emitted from the battery pack. Therefore, they can be selected from ordinary filter media, activated carbon filter media, or filter membranes, and their shapes can be flat, corrugated rectangular, or corrugated cylindrical. In addition, the number (parallel connection) and size specifications of the core filter elements can be adjusted according to the different exhaust volumes caused by different battery pack types, as well as the different quantities, masses, and sizes of particulate matter contained in the exhaust.

[0054] The primary filtered clean air passage 12.1 is connected to the primary battery pack exhaust passage 14.1 via the primary filtered clean air outlet 13.1; the secondary filtered clean air passage 12.2 is connected to the secondary battery pack exhaust passage 14.2 via the secondary filtered clean air outlet 13.2. The filtered clean air enters the primary battery pack exhaust passage 14.1 and the secondary battery pack exhaust passage 14.2 and is then discharged through the primary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve 15.1 and the secondary battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve 15.2.

[0055] This two-stage parallel air filtration system is basically a symmetrical structure, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure; in some other embodiments, the size and number of stages of the air filtration system can be adjusted according to the size of the battery pack.

[0056] This air filtration system is integrated into the original exhaust channel of the battery pack, making full use of the original channel of the battery pack and improving the space utilization of the battery pack. In some other embodiments, the air filtration system can be externally mounted to the battery pack. In this case, some structures involved in this air filtration system need to have additional corresponding channels added.

[0057] The working principle of the two-stage parallel air filtration system in this embodiment:

[0058] When cells A1 and B2 of the battery pack experience thermal runaway, the mixed dirty air containing particles and harmful gases emitted from them flows along the air channels inside the battery pack under the pressure of the internal airflow. Figure 1As indicated by the arrows, the mixed dirty air enters the thermal runaway gas channel through several thermal runaway gas inlets. Due to the separation by the channel partitions and fluid obstruction, toxic and harmful gases enter the pre-filter dirty air rectifier channel and the pre-filter dirty air channel through the dirty air inlets. Due to the combined action of the rectifier plate and the rectifier holes 10.1.1 arranged on it, the gas can pass evenly through the filter body. At this time, the toxic and harmful components in the thermal runaway gas are adsorbed, captured, and intercepted by the filter body, and the treated clean air flows out of the filter body and into the post-filter clean air channel. Then, it enters the battery pack exhaust channel through the post-filter clean air outlet, and finally, the clean air is discharged into the atmosphere by the battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve, completing the thermal runaway pressure relief process of the battery pack. This prevents the battery pack from exploding while avoiding the direct emission of toxic and harmful gases.

[0059] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present utility model without departing from its scope should be within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery, used to filter the gas emitted during thermal runaway of the power battery, characterized in that, Includes a pre-filter dirty air passage, a post-filter clean air passage, a filter body, and a baffle plate; The pre-filter dirty air passage is connected to the post-filter clean air passage; The filter element is positioned between the pre-filter dirty air channel and the post-filter clean air channel; The rectifier plate is located in the dirty air channel before the filter.

2. The air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier plate is provided with a number of rectifier holes.

3. An air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shape of the rectifier aperture includes rectangular and circular shapes.

4. An air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the rectifier plate near the dirty air inlet of the pre-filter dirty air channel is connected to the side wall of the pre-filter dirty air channel where the filter body is located, forming a closed end.

5. An air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier plate extends from one end of the filter body near the dirty air inlet of the pre-filter dirty air channel to partially or completely cover the filter body.

6. An air filtration system for thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter body can be flat or wavy.

7. A battery pack, comprising a thermal runaway gas channel and a battery pack exhaust channel; Its features are, It also includes an air filtration system for thermal runaway of power batteries as described in any one of claims 1-6; At least one thermal runaway gas inlet is provided on the thermal runaway gas channel, and at least one battery pack exhaust pressure relief valve is provided on the battery pack exhaust channel. The pre-filter dirty air channel is connected to the thermal runaway gas channel, and the post-filter clean air channel is connected to the battery pack exhaust channel. The air filtration system is integrated inside the battery pack or attached to the outside of the battery pack, and the air filtration system surrounds the battery cells of the battery pack.

8. A battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal runaway gas channel and the battery pack exhaust channel are separated by a battery pack channel partition plate.

9. A battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air filtration system is configured with several stages in parallel.

10. A battery pack according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the air filtration system at each stage: the thermal runaway gas channels are connected in sequence, the battery pack exhaust channels are connected in sequence, the pre-filter dirty air channels are separated by the filter body partition plate, and the post-filter clean air channels are separated by the filter body partition plate.

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