Power distribution system and vehicle
By using a detonator to cut off the power supply to the electrical equipment in the front compartment when the vehicle malfunctions, the power supply time of the electrical equipment in the compartment is extended, which solves the problem of short power supply time in the case of vehicle malfunction and improves vehicle safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520022942.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing vehicles have a short battery life when in a faulty state, which prevents occupants from escaping in time, especially when the doors cannot be opened before a collision or rescue arrives.
When a fault signal is received, the battery pack is disconnected from the first power distribution module by a detonator, cutting off the power supply to the electrical equipment in the front compartment and extending the power supply time of the electrical equipment in the compartment. The power supply continues through the second power distribution module to ensure that equipment such as doors and dashboards are available.
It extends the operating time of electrical equipment inside the cabin, reduces the risk of personnel being trapped, and improves vehicle safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223533450U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicles, and more particularly to a power distribution system and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of automotive intelligence, onboard electrical functions are increasing, and low-voltage power distribution schemes are becoming increasingly complex. Current distributed intelligent power distribution systems mainly consist of multiple intelligent power distribution modules. When a vehicle is in a faulty state, the battery primarily supplies power to various electrical devices through these intelligent power distribution modules. However, the battery's power supply time is relatively short, and power may be cut off before the fault is resolved or external assistance arrives, leaving the occupants in an unsafe situation. For example, in the event of a collision, the battery's power supply to the doors is limited, resulting in a very short time before the doors can be opened. Power may be cut off before external assistance arrives, preventing the occupants from escaping in time. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a power distribution system and vehicle that improve vehicle safety.
[0004] This application provides a power distribution system for use in a vehicle, the power distribution system including a battery pack, a first power distribution module, and a second power distribution module;
[0005] The first power distribution module is electrically connected to the battery pack; the first power distribution module is used to supply the voltage of the battery pack to the electrical equipment in the front cabin;
[0006] The second power distribution module is electrically connected to the battery pack; the second power distribution module is used to supply the voltage of the battery pack to the electrical equipment inside the cabin;
[0007] The power distribution system also includes:
[0008] An ignition device is disposed between the battery pack and the first power distribution module, and is electrically connected to both the battery pack and the first power distribution module respectively; the ignition device is used to disconnect the battery pack from the first power distribution module when a detonation signal is received; at this time, the battery pack remains connected to the second power distribution module.
[0009] In one embodiment, the power distribution system further includes a control circuit;
[0010] The control circuit is electrically connected to the third terminal of the detonator;
[0011] The control circuit is used to output a detonation signal to the detonator when a first fault signal is received.
[0012] In one embodiment, the power distribution system further includes a first switch module;
[0013] The first switch module is electrically connected to the battery pack and the second power distribution module respectively; the first switch module is used to disconnect the battery pack from the second power distribution module when a second fault signal is received.
[0014] In one embodiment, the first power distribution module includes a fuse box or a smart fuse; the second power distribution module includes a fuse box or a smart fuse.
[0015] In one embodiment, the power distribution system further includes multiple regional power distribution modules;
[0016] The multiple regional power distribution modules are electrically connected to the second power distribution module respectively; the multiple regional power distribution modules are located at different positions in the cabin area; the multiple regional power distribution modules are used to transmit the voltage output by the second power distribution module to electrical equipment at different positions in the cabin area.
[0017] In one embodiment, the plurality of regional power distribution modules include a first regional power distribution module, a second regional power distribution module, and a third regional power distribution module;
[0018] The first area power distribution module is located on the left side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the left side of the cabin area; the second area power distribution module is located on the right side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the right side of the cabin area; the third area power distribution module is located in the third area power distribution module of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment in the rear middle of the cabin area.
[0019] In one embodiment, the vehicle further includes a central aisle; the second power distribution module is located in the central aisle.
[0020] In one embodiment, the power distribution system further includes a second switch module;
[0021] The second switch module is electrically connected to the second power distribution module, the second area power distribution module, and the third area power distribution module, respectively; the second switch module is used to disconnect the connection between the second power distribution module and the second area power distribution module and the third area power distribution module when the second fault signal is received.
[0022] In one embodiment, the power distribution system further includes a voltage conversion circuit;
[0023] The input terminal of the voltage conversion circuit is used to connect to the power supply voltage, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack; the voltage conversion circuit is used to transmit the power supply voltage to the battery pack.
[0024] This application also proposes a vehicle that includes the aforementioned power distribution system.
[0025] This application utilizes a detonator to disconnect the battery pack from the first power distribution module upon receiving a detonation signal, thereby cutting off the battery pack's power supply to the front compartment's electrical equipment and extending the power supply duration to the equipment inside the compartment. In the event of a malfunction, the increased operational time of the equipment inside the compartment extends the time that occupants, both inside and outside the vehicle, can operate the dashboard, doors, and other electrical equipment, reducing the risk of occupants being trapped and improving vehicle safety. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of a power distribution system in one embodiment of this application.
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power distribution system in another embodiment of this application.
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of a power distribution system in another embodiment of this application.
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure in an embodiment of this application.
[0030] Explanation of key component symbols:
[0031] Power distribution system 100
[0032] Battery pack 110
[0033] First power distribution module 120
[0034] Second power distribution module 130
[0035] Detonator 140
[0036] Vehicle 10
[0037] Control circuit 190
[0038] First switch module 150
[0039] 160 regional power distribution modules
[0040] First Zone Power Distribution Module 161
[0041] Second Zone Power Distribution Module 162
[0042] Third Zone Power Distribution Module 163
[0043] Second switch module 170
[0044] Voltage conversion circuit 180.
[0045] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate this application. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The following description will refer to the accompanying drawings to provide a more complete picture of the present application. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. These exemplary embodiments are provided to make the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art. Similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components.
[0047] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms. Furthermore, when used herein, “comprising” and / or “including” and / or “having,” integers, steps, operations, components, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Furthermore, unless expressly defined herein, terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the relevant art and in the content of this application, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.
[0049] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments. It should be noted that components depicted in the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale; and identical or similar components will be designated with the same or similar reference numerals or similar technical terms.
[0050] Reference Figure 1This application proposes a power distribution system 100 applied to a vehicle 10. The power distribution system 100 includes a battery pack 110, a first power distribution module 120, a second power distribution module 130, and a detonator 140. The first power distribution module 120 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110 and supplies power from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. The second power distribution module 130 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110 and supplies power from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the compartment. The detonator 140 is disposed between the battery pack 110 and the first power distribution module 120 and is electrically connected to both the battery pack 110 and the first power distribution module 120 respectively. The detonator 140 is used to disconnect the battery pack 110 from the first power distribution module 120 when a detonation signal is received; at this time, the battery pack 110 remains connected to the second power distribution module 130.
[0051] In this embodiment, vehicle 10 can be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. Vehicle 10 may include a front cabin area and an interior cabin area. A first power distribution module 120 can be located in the front cabin area to connect with various electrical devices in the front cabin area, transmitting the voltage output from the battery pack 110 to electrical devices in the front cabin such as the engine, windshield wipers, electronic power steering system, engine exhaust system, intake system, air conditioning system, and cooling system. A second power distribution module 130 can be located in the interior cabin area to connect with various electrical devices in the interior cabin area, transmitting the voltage output from the battery pack 110 to electrical devices in the interior cabin such as the doors, instrument panel, oxygen sensor, air flow sensor, and area controllers.
[0052] When vehicle 10 malfunctions, it can output a detonation signal to detonator 140 via body controller, domain controller, collision sensor, etc. When detonator 140 receives the detonation signal, it disconnects the power supply from battery pack 110 to the first power distribution module 120, so that battery pack 110 supplies power only to the second power distribution module 130, thereby reducing the overall vehicle power consumption and extending the power supply time of electrical equipment in the compartment.
[0053] For example, when vehicle 10 experiences a collision, the detonator 140 receives a detonation signal and immediately cuts off the power supply from battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. Power is cut off to electrical equipment such as the engine located in the front compartment, preventing vehicle 10 from continuing to drive in an out-of-control state and causing greater damage. Furthermore, if the collision is severe, resulting in injury to occupants or preventing them from leaving vehicle 10 immediately due to deformation, battery pack 110 only supplies power to the electrical equipment inside the compartment, ensuring that the doors, dashboard, and other electrical equipment are powered, allowing the doors to be opened and the dashboard to be used for communication and information retrieval. This reduces overall vehicle power consumption and extends the duration of battery pack 110's power supply to the compartment, thus extending the time the doors can be opened and the time the dashboard and other electrical equipment can be used, buying time for occupants to escape. The collision fault can be detected by a collision sensor, which can output a detonation signal to the detonator 140 after detecting a collision. Alternatively, the detonator 140 can receive the detonation signal from the airbag system.
[0054] When a short circuit fault occurs in vehicle 10, the detonator 140 receives a detonation signal and cuts off the power supply from battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. This prevents short-circuited electrical equipment in the front compartment from affecting electrical equipment in other areas, or vice versa. The short circuit fault can be detected by a current detection circuit, and the battery management system outputs a detonation signal to the detonator 140 when a short circuit fault occurs.
[0055] When a low voltage fault occurs in vehicle 10, the detonator 140 receives a detonation signal and cuts off the power supply from battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment, increasing the power supply time for the electrical equipment in the compartment and preventing the doors from being unable to open due to low battery pack 110 power. The low voltage fault can be detected by a voltage detection circuit, and the battery management system outputs a detonation signal to the detonator 140 when a low voltage fault occurs.
[0056] In addition, the detonator 140 can also disconnect the power supply of the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment in the event of other types of failures, such as overvoltage failures and overtemperature failures, without limitation.
[0057] In one embodiment, the detonator 140 is also used to disconnect the battery pack 110 from the first power distribution module 120 when a detonation signal is received and the vehicle 10 is not in a driving state. For example, if the vehicle 10 experiences a collision and the occupants control the vehicle 10 to stop, or if the collision damages the engine and renders the vehicle 10 unable to move, the detonator 140 can cut off the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. If a short circuit occurs after the vehicle 10 is started but before it begins to drive, the detonator 140 can cut off the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. If the vehicle 10 is parked for a long time, discharge may occur, causing the battery pack 110 voltage to be too low. In this case, the detonator 140 can cut off the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment. This avoids the detonator 140 cutting off the power supply to the front compartment area during driving, thus preventing a safety accident.
[0058] This application utilizes a detonator 140 to disconnect the battery pack 110 from the first power distribution module 120 upon receiving a detonation signal, thereby cutting off the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the electrical equipment in the front compartment and extending the power supply duration to the equipment inside the compartment. In the event of a malfunction, the increased operational time of the electrical equipment inside the compartment also increases the time that personnel inside or outside the vehicle can operate the dashboard, doors, and other electrical equipment, reducing the risk of entrapment and improving the safety of the vehicle 10.
[0059] In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 further includes a control circuit 190. The control circuit 190 is electrically connected to the third terminal of the detonator 140. The control circuit 190 is used to output a detonation signal to the detonator 140 when it receives the first fault signal. The first fault signal may be a collision signal output by a collision sensor, a current detection signal output by a current detection circuit, a voltage detection signal output by a voltage detection circuit, etc.
[0060] In this embodiment, after receiving the first fault signal, the control circuit 190 can output a corresponding electrical signal to control the disconnection of the first and second terminals of the detonator 140, thereby cutting off the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the front compartment area. The control circuit 190 can be implemented using chips with control functions such as microprocessors or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays).
[0061] Reference Figure 3 In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 further includes a first switch module 150. The first switch module 150 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110 and the second power distribution module 130, respectively; the first switch module 150 is used to disconnect the connection between the battery pack 110 and the second power distribution module 130 when a second fault signal is received.
[0062] In this embodiment, the first switch module 150 can be implemented using an analog signal switch or a digital signal switch. The second fault signal can be a short-circuit fault signal, a low-voltage fault signal, an overvoltage fault signal, etc. By disconnecting the power supply from the battery pack 110 to the cabin area when the first switch module 150 receives the second fault signal, further damage to the electrical equipment in the cabin is avoided, thus improving the safety of the vehicle 10.
[0063] Furthermore, the first switch module 150 can also disconnect the power supply of the battery pack 110 to the cabin area after a preset delay after receiving the second fault signal, so as to avoid the simultaneous power outage of the front cabin area and the cabin area.
[0064] In one embodiment, the first power distribution module 120 includes a fuse box or a smart fuse; the second power distribution module 130 includes a fuse box or a smart fuse.
[0065] In this embodiment, the first power distribution module 120 can be implemented using a fuse box. The fuse box can be electrically connected to multiple electrical devices in the front compartment area. When the current of a certain electrical device exceeds a set threshold, the fuse box can disconnect the device from the battery pack 110 through internal switches, fuses, etc., protecting other electrical devices from damage. The fuse box has a small structure, making it easy to arrange in a limited space. The first power distribution module 120 can also be implemented using a smart fuse, such as an eFuse chip. The eFuse chip is programmed by applying a high-density current to a metal strip or polysilicon strip using I / O voltage. The low-resistance metal in the eFuse is electromigrated and melted due to the high-density current passing through the narrow metal or polysilicon strip, achieving overcurrent protection. Similarly, the second power distribution module 130 can be implemented using a fuse box or a smart fuse.
[0066] In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 further includes a plurality of regional power distribution modules 160. The plurality of regional power distribution modules 160 are electrically connected to the second power distribution module 130 respectively; the plurality of regional power distribution modules 160 are disposed at different locations in the cabin area; the regional power distribution modules 160 are used to transmit the voltage output by the second power distribution module 130 to the electrical equipment in the cabin.
[0067] In this embodiment, the multiple regional power distribution modules 160 can be positioned in different areas of the cabin according to the installation location of each electrical device, in order to shorten the line length between the second power distribution module 130 and the regional power distribution module 160 and reduce the weight of the wiring harness. For example, a regional power distribution module 160 can be set near the dashboard and the front door, and a power distribution module can be set near the rear door.
[0068] In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 includes a first area power distribution module 161, a second area power distribution module 162, and a third area power distribution module 163. The first area power distribution module 161 is located on the left side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the left side of the cabin area; the second area power distribution module 162 is located on the right side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the right side of the cabin area; the third area power distribution module 163 is located in the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment in the rear middle part of the cabin area.
[0069] In this embodiment, the first area power distribution module 161, the second area power distribution module 162, and the third area power distribution module 163 can be implemented using smart fuses. The installation position of the first area power distribution module 161 can be set according to the left-side area controller of the vehicle 10, or integrated into the left-side area controller. The installation position of the second area power distribution module 162 can be set according to the right-side area controller of the vehicle 10, or integrated into the right-side area controller. The installation position of the third area power distribution module 163 can be set according to the rear-center area controller of the vehicle 10, or integrated into the rear-center area controller. Thus, the first area power distribution module 161 can supply power to the electrical equipment in the left front door and the left side of the dashboard area. The second area power distribution module 162 can supply power to the electrical equipment in the right front door, the right side of the dashboard area, and the roof area. The third area power distribution module 163 can supply power to the electrical equipment in the rear-center area of the cabin, as well as the rear door, tailgate, and rear bumper. By setting up a first area power distribution module 161, a second area power distribution module 162, and a third area power distribution module 163, regional distributed power supply can be adopted for multiple electrical devices in the cabin area, which can shorten the length of the wiring harness.
[0070] In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 further includes a second switch module 170. The second switch module 170 is electrically connected to the second power distribution module 130, the second area power distribution module 162, and the third area power distribution module 163, respectively; the second switch module 170 is used to disconnect the connection between the second power distribution module 130 and the second area power distribution module 162 and the third area power distribution module 163 when the first fault signal is received.
[0071] In this embodiment, the second switch module 170 can be implemented using a digital signal switch or an analog signal switch. Upon receiving a second fault signal, the second switch module 170 cuts off power to the second and third areas within the cabin, retaining power only to the first area, thereby further extending the power supply duration to the first area. The first area can be configured according to actual application; for example, the first area may include the door near the driver's seat of the vehicle 10. This ensures power supply to the door near the driver's seat, allowing it to remain open for a longer period, reducing the risk of occupants being trapped and improving the safety of the vehicle 10.
[0072] In one embodiment, the vehicle 10 further includes a central aisle; the second power distribution module 130 is located in the central aisle.
[0073] Reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, by placing the second power distribution module 130 in the middle channel, the total length of the lines from the first area power distribution module 161, the second area power distribution module 162, and the third area power distribution module 163 to the second power distribution module 130 can be shorter. This is beneficial for the connection of the lines from the first area power distribution module 161, the second area power distribution module 162, and the third area power distribution module 163 to the second power distribution module 130, as well as for shortening the length and weight of the wiring harness.
[0074] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the power distribution system 100 further includes a voltage conversion circuit 180. The input terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 180 is used to receive a power supply voltage, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 180 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110. The voltage conversion circuit 180 is used to transmit the power supply voltage to the battery pack 110 to charge the battery pack 110.
[0075] In one embodiment, the input terminal of the second power distribution module 130 is connected to the output terminal of the battery pack 110, and the output terminal of the second power distribution module 130 is electrically connected to the first power distribution module 120, the multiple area power distribution modules 160, and the voltage conversion circuit 180, respectively, to transmit the voltage output by the battery pack 110 to the first power distribution module 120, the multiple area power distribution modules 160, and the voltage conversion circuit 180, thereby realizing the primary power distribution function. The detonator 140 can be integrated into the second power distribution module 130.
[0076] Reference Figure 4 This application also proposes a vehicle 10, which includes the aforementioned power distribution system 100. The vehicle 10 may be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
[0077] The detailed structure of the power distribution system 100 can be referred to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It is understood that since the above power distribution system 100 is used in the vehicle 10 of this application, the embodiments of the vehicle 10 of this application include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the above power distribution system 100, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, and will not be repeated here.
[0078] The specific embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and substitutions can be made to the specific embodiments of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. All such changes and substitutions fall within the scope defined by this application.
Claims
1. A power distribution system for use in a vehicle, the power distribution system comprising a battery pack, a first power distribution module, and a second power distribution module; The first power distribution module is electrically connected to the battery pack; the first power distribution module is used to supply the voltage of the battery pack to the electrical equipment in the front cabin; The second power distribution module is electrically connected to the battery pack; The second power distribution module is used to supply the voltage of the battery pack to the electrical equipment inside the cabin; Its features are, The power distribution system also includes: An ignition device is disposed between the battery pack and the first power distribution module, and is electrically connected to both the battery pack and the first power distribution module respectively; The detonator is used to disconnect the battery pack from the first power distribution module when a detonation signal is received; at this time, the battery pack remains connected to the second power distribution module.
2. The power distribution system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution system also includes control circuitry; The control circuit is electrically connected to the third terminal of the detonator; The control circuit is used to output a detonation signal to the detonator when a first fault signal is received.
3. The power distribution system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution system also includes a first switch module; The first switch module is electrically connected to the battery pack and the second power distribution module respectively; the first switch module is used to disconnect the battery pack from the second power distribution module when a second fault signal is received.
4. The power distribution system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first power distribution module includes a fuse box or a smart fuse; the second power distribution module includes a fuse box or a smart fuse.
5. The power distribution system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution system also includes multiple regional power distribution modules; The multiple regional power distribution modules are electrically connected to the second power distribution module respectively; the multiple regional power distribution modules are disposed at different locations in the cabin area of the vehicle; the multiple regional power distribution modules are used to transmit the voltage output by the second power distribution module to electrical equipment at different locations in the cabin area.
6. The power distribution system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The plurality of said regional power distribution modules include a first regional power distribution module, a second regional power distribution module, and a third regional power distribution module; The first area power distribution module is located on the left side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the left side of the cabin area; the second area power distribution module is located on the right side of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the right side of the cabin area; the third area power distribution module is located in the third area power distribution module of the cabin area and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment in the rear middle of the cabin area.
7. The power distribution system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The vehicle also includes a central aisle; the second power distribution module is located in the central aisle.
8. The power distribution system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The power distribution system also includes a second switch module; The second switch module is electrically connected to the second power distribution module, the second area power distribution module, and the third area power distribution module, respectively; the second switch module is used to disconnect the connection between the second power distribution module and the second area power distribution module and the third area power distribution module when a second fault signal is received.
9. The power distribution system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution system also includes a voltage conversion circuit; The input terminal of the voltage conversion circuit is used to connect to the power supply voltage, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack; the voltage conversion circuit is used to transmit the power supply voltage to the battery pack.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the power distribution system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.