Permeable breakwater
By designing a triangular cross-section structure for permeable breakwaters, and using concrete, steel, or wood to construct permeable breakwaters, the problems of high resource consumption and ecological impact in breakwater construction have been solved, thus improving stability and the ecological environment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422740965.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-11
AI Technical Summary
The construction of existing breakwaters consumes a lot of manpower and resources, impacts the ecological environment, and the rigid revetment measures block the lateral sand transport along the coast, leading to coastal degradation and ecological imbalance.
Design a permeable breakwater with a triangular cross-section and open structure made of concrete, steel, or wood. The structure includes a foundation, seaward and landward components, and is porous to provide habitat for aquatic animals and reduce beach erosion by reflecting and dissipating wave energy.
While saving materials, it ensures the stability of the breakwater, meets the requirements for erosion and overturning resistance, improves the ecological environment, reduces wave erosion of the beach, and promotes siltation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223535639U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering such as breakwaters and revetments, and relates to breakwaters, and more particularly to a permeable breakwater that can ensure the stability of the overall structure while saving materials and meeting the requirements of erosion resistance and overturning resistance. Background Technology
[0002] The coastal zone is an area affected by tidal fluctuations and alternating wave erosion. Its existence provides vital beach protection, reducing damage to coastal areas from waves, wind, and tides, and preventing disasters such as coastal floods and inundations. Furthermore, the coastal zone is an important habitat for biodiversity, providing safe habitats for vegetation, animals, and marine life. However, due to human activities, the amount of sediment carried by land has decreased, and under the same wave and wind forces, the coastal zone is continuously degrading, threatening habitats and property safety.
[0003] Currently, to ensure the safety of coastal living environments, the common practice is to raise and reinforce dikes, ensuring their height exceeds the maximum wave height at the shore. This rigid approach combats wave forces and protects the beach. However, these measures often require significant manpower and resources; furthermore, to prevent the bottom of the protective structure from being eroded by waves, the foundation depth is often substantial, further increasing investment. Moreover, the use of rigid revetments negatively impacts the aquatic ecosystem. Another approach is to maintain coastal stability through the construction of breakwaters combined with artificial sand replenishment. However, breakwaters typically extend from the shoreline into the sea, which is not only costly but also artificially obstructs lateral sediment transport along the coast, impacting the balance of the ecosystem. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a permeable breakwater. This invention utilizes concrete, steel, or wood to construct a relatively lightweight wave damping and reflection device for reducing the energy of waves reaching beaches or coastlines. The device consists of multiple breakwater units arranged in a line parallel to the wave crest line. Each breakwater unit comprises a foundation, a seaward-facing component, and a landward-facing component, with a triangular cross-section. The bottom component is embedded in the seabed and extends landward, providing anti-overturning functionality. The seaward-facing component has an anti-scour base inserted into the seabed, enhancing the overall structure's scour resistance. It also includes upward-extending components that disrupt the wave structure, reflecting and dissipating wave energy. The landward-facing component is shaped like a "∠" to connect the bottom component and the seaward-facing component, forming a stable structure. This permeable breakwater employs a triangular cross-section permeable structure, saving materials while ensuring overall structural stability and meeting scour and overturning resistance requirements. The permeable breakwater's porous nature and triangular cavities provide habitat for aquatic animals, contributing to improved ecological environment.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] This utility model provides a permeable breakwater, which is set in the wave-breaking zone area of a beach. The permeable breakwater includes multiple breakwater units arranged in rows. Each breakwater unit includes a base component set on the seabed surface, a seaward-facing component inserted into the seabed, and a landward-facing component connected and fixed to the base component and the seaward-facing component. The breakwater unit has a triangular cross-section, with the landward-facing component and the seaward-facing component arranged at intervals. A first gap is formed between the landward-facing components, and a second gap is formed between the seaward-facing components. The landward-facing component is shaped like a "∠", including a corner point and two endpoints.
[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the base component is provided with a landward extension component on the side away from the seaward component.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the extension distance of the landward extension component is 0.8-1.5m; the corner of the base component and the landward component is connected by double-headed bolts and contacts the seaward component.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the seaward side component is provided with an anti-erosion base on the side away from the landward side component, and the anti-erosion base is inserted into the seabed.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the depth to which the seaward component base is inserted into the seabed is not less than 1.5 times the theoretical maximum scour depth; the seaward component is connected to the two ends of the “∠” shaped landward component.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the top of the seaward side component is provided with an adjustable upward extension component, and the interior of the seaward side component is provided with a top irrigation outlet and a grouting pipe, the grouting pipe passing through the head of the seaward side component and the anti-erosion base.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the bottom of the erosion-resistant base is provided with a wire mesh bag.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a seaward geotextile is laid between the foundation component and the seabed, and the coverage of the four sides of the seaward geotextile extends beyond the projection range of the breakwater by no less than 2m.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the geotextile at the toe of the breakwater is provided with riprap for compaction.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a cavity is formed inside the triangular cross-section, and several plastic strips are suspended inside the cavity.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1) The permeable breakwater of this utility model adopts a triangular cross-section permeable structure, which saves materials while ensuring the stability of the overall structure and meeting the requirements of erosion resistance and overturning resistance.
[0018] 2) The permeable breakwater of this utility model has the characteristics of being porous and having triangular cavities, which can provide habitat for aquatic animals and is conducive to improving the ecological environment.
[0019] 3) Construct a relatively lightweight marine wave damping and reflection device using concrete, steel, or wood to reduce the energy of waves reaching beaches or coastlines. This device consists of multiple wave-damping units arranged in a line parallel to the wave crest line. Each wave-damping unit comprises a foundation, a seaward-facing component, and a landward-facing component, with a triangular cross-section. The bottom component is embedded in the seabed and extends landward, providing anti-overturning protection. The seaward-facing component has an anti-scour base inserted into the seabed, enhancing the overall structure's scour resistance. It also includes upward-extending components that disrupt the wave structure, reflecting and dissipating wave energy. The landward-facing component is shaped like a "∠" to connect the bottom component and the seaward-facing component, forming a stable structure. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 3 This is the A-A' cross-sectional view of this utility model.
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of this utility model.
[0025] Figure 5 This is an installation diagram of this utility model.
[0026] In the diagram, 4. Ship; 10. Permeable breakwater; 12. Breakwater unit; 14. Seabed; 16. Coastline; 18. Beach; 20. Sand; 22. Wave; 24. Foundation component; 25. Landward extension component; 25'. Extension distance; 26. Landward component; 28. Seaward component; 31. Extension height; 44. Bolt hole; 50. Scourable base; 56. Double-ended bolt; 58. Cavity; 60. Extension component; 68. Plastic strip; 70. Grouting pipe; 72. Top grouting port; 76. Wire mesh bag; 80. Nut; 82. Washer; 94. First gap; 95. Second gap; 102. Sediment area; 110. Seaward geotextile; 112. Rockfill; 116. Crane; 118. Hope; 120. Connecting pipe; 122. Concrete pump; 124. Concrete block. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To further understand the content of this utility model, a detailed description of this utility model will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0028] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant utility model and not intended to limit the utility model. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this utility model are provided for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this utility model and have no specific limiting effect; they are all general terms and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this utility model. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. Multiple technical solutions in the same embodiment, as well as multiple technical solutions in different embodiments, can be arranged and combined to form new technical solutions that do not contradict or conflict, all of which are within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0029] See Figure 1 and Figure 4 This utility model provides a permeable breakwater 10, which is set in the wave-breaking zone area of a beach 18. The permeable breakwater 10 includes multiple breakwater units 12 arranged in rows. Each breakwater unit 12 includes a base component 24 set on the surface of the seabed 14, a seaward component 28 inserted into the seabed 14, and a landward component 26 connected and fixed to the base component 24 and the seaward component 28. The breakwater unit 12 has a triangular cross section. The landward component 26 and the seaward component 28 are arranged at intervals, forming a first gap 94 between the landward component 26 and a second gap 95 between the seaward component 28. The landward component 26 is "∠" shaped, including a corner point (not marked in the figure) and two endpoints (not marked in the figure).
[0030] The coastline 16 described in this invention typically includes a beach 18, mainly composed of sand 20. Breakwater units 12 are laid in rows on the seabed 14 to form a permeable breakwater 10; and the overall alignment of the breakwater units 12 is parallel to the wave crest line.
[0031] The permeable breakwater 10 is used to dissipate the energy of the wave 22 before it reaches the coastline 16, thereby reducing the erosion of the coastline 16 and the beach 18 by the wave 22.
[0032] Under the action of the permeable breakwater 10, the wave 22 flowing over the top of the permeable breakwater 10 has a reduced velocity, which promotes the deposition of sediment in the sediment area 102, thereby replenishing the sediment of the beach 18.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment provides a permeable breakwater 10, which is disposed in the wave-breaking zone area of a beach 18. The permeable breakwater 10 includes multiple breakwater units 12 arranged in rows. Each breakwater unit 12 includes a base component 24 disposed on the surface of the seabed 14, a seaward component 28 inserted into the seabed 14, and a landward component 26 connected and fixed to the base component 24 and the seaward component 28. The breakwater unit 12 has a triangular cross-section. The landward component 26 and the seaward component 28 are arranged at intervals, forming a first gap 94 between the landward component 26 and a second gap 95 between the seaward component 28. The landward component 26 is shaped like a "∠", including a corner point (not marked in the figure) and two endpoints (not marked in the figure).
[0035] The foundation component 24 is in contact with the seaward component 28; in the landward direction, the foundation component 24 and the landward component 26 are connected by double-headed bolts 56 passing through bolt holes 44; the foundation component 24 includes a landward extension component 25, which extends a distance of 25' of about 1m, and can improve the anti-overturning ability of the breakwater unit 12 under the action of waves 22.
[0036] The sea-facing component 28 has an anti-erosion base 50 that is inserted into the seabed 14. The sea-facing component 28 is also connected to the foundation component 24 by double-headed bolts 56 passing through bolt holes 44. The sea-facing component 28 includes an upward extension component 60. The extension height 31 of the extension component 60 is adjustable. When installed on an actual beach, it is necessary to ensure that the top elevation of the extension component 60 is basically consistent with the low tide level.
[0037] A seaward geotextile 110 is installed between the foundation component 24 and the beach 18 to protect the silt in the area where the breakwater 10 is located from being eroded by waves 22; the coverage of the four sides of the seaward geotextile 110 extends at least 2m beyond the projected area of the permeable breakwater 10; and riprap 112 is used to compact the seaward geotextile 110 above the permeable breakwater 10.
[0038] The base component 24, the landward component 26, and the seaward component 28 are connected in pairs by double-ended bolts 56 passing through bolt holes 44. The double-ended bolts 56 include nuts 80 and washers 82 that are fixed at both ends.
[0039] See Figure 4 The scour-resistant base 50 on the seaward side component 28 must be inserted to a depth greater than 1.5 times the theoretical maximum scour depth. When the seaward side component 28 is poured, a top grouting port 72 is reserved, and a grouting pipe 70 is pre-embedded inside the seaward side component 28 so that the concrete slurry can reach the area of the scour-resistant base 50 through the grouting pipe 70.
[0040] The bottom of the base 50 is connected to a wire mesh bag 76 to strengthen the connection between the concrete grout and the scour-resistant base 50. The concrete grout reaches the area of the scour-resistant base 50 through the grouting pipe 70 and enters the silt voids on the seabed. After the concrete grout hardens, it can form irregular concrete blocks 124 in the area of the scour-resistant base 50, which is beneficial for anchoring, strengthening the connection between the seaward component 28 and the seabed 14, and improving the stability of the breakwater unit 12.
[0041] A cavity 58 is formed between the base component 24, the landward component 26, and the seaward component 28. Multiple plastic strips 68 are suspended in the cavity 58 to dissipate the energy of the waves 22 entering the cavity 58.
[0042] See Figure 5 During the specific installation of the permeable breakwater 10, the breakwater units 12 can be connected in series to form a permeable breakwater 10 with a length of 5 to 10 meters. The breakwater 10 can be lifted to the designated position using the crane 116 on the ship 4. After the geotextile 110 is laid on the sea side, the permeable breakwater 10 is buried in the seabed 14, and the riprap 112 is compacted, the concrete pump 122 on the ship 4 is started to transport the concrete slurry through the hose 118 and the grouting pipe 70 to the area of the scour-resistant base 50, finally forming the concrete block 124.
[0043] Therefore, this utility model utilizes concrete, steel, or wood to construct a relatively lightweight marine wave damping and reflection device to reduce the energy of waves reaching beaches or coastlines. The device consists of multiple wave-damping units arranged in a line parallel to the wave crest line. Each wave-damping unit comprises a base, a seaward-facing component, and a landward-facing component, with a triangular cross-section. The base component is embedded in the seabed and extends landward, providing anti-overturning functionality. The seaward-facing component has an anti-scour base inserted into the seabed, improving the overall structure's scour resistance. It also includes upward-extending components that disrupt the wave structure, reflecting and dissipating wave energy. The landward-facing component is shaped like a "∠" to connect the base component and the seaward-facing component, forming a stable structure.
[0044] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A permeable breakwater, characterized in that, The permeable breakwater is located in the wave-breaking zone of the beach. The permeable breakwater comprises multiple breakwater units arranged in rows. Each breakwater unit includes a base component set on the seabed surface, a seaward-facing component inserted into the seabed, and a landward-facing component connected and fixed to the base component and the seaward-facing component. The breakwater unit has a triangular cross-section, with the landward-facing component and the seaward-facing component arranged alternately. A first gap is formed between the landward-facing components, and a second gap is formed between the seaward-facing components. The landward-facing component is shaped like a "∠", including a corner point and two endpoints.
2. The permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base component has a landward extension component on the side of its bottom away from the seaward component.
3. A permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension distance of the landward extension component is 0.8-1.5m; the corner of the base component and the landward component is connected by double-headed bolts and contacts the seaward component.
4. A permeable breakwater according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The seaward side component is provided with an anti-erosion base on the side away from the landward side component, and the anti-erosion base is inserted into the seabed.
5. A permeable breakwater according to claim 4, characterized in that, The depth to which the seaward-facing component base is inserted into the seabed is not less than 1.5 times the theoretical maximum scour depth; the seaward-facing component is connected to the two ends of the "∠"-shaped landward-facing component.
6. A permeable breakwater according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the seaward-facing component is provided with an adjustable upward extension component, and the interior of the seaward-facing component is provided with a top irrigation outlet and a grouting pipe, the grouting pipe passing through the head of the seaward-facing component and the anti-erosion base.
7. A permeable breakwater according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the erosion-resistant base is equipped with a wire mesh bag.
8. A permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, A seaward geotextile is laid between the foundation components and the seabed, and the coverage of the four sides of the seaward geotextile extends at least 2 meters beyond the projection range of the breakwater.
9. A permeable breakwater according to claim 8, characterized in that, The geotextile at the toe of the breakwater is provided with riprap for compaction.
10. A permeable breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triangular cross-section forms a cavity inside, and several plastic strips are suspended inside the cavity.