Testing device for simulating waterproof sealing performance of operation subway segment

Abstract

According to the test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of the operation subway duct piece, a duct piece simulation module comprises an upper simulation duct piece and a lower simulation duct piece, a sealing gasket sample piece is installed between the two simulation duct pieces, and the upper simulation duct piece and the lower simulation duct piece are installed on a vibration simulation system; the displacement control platform is used for simulating different opening amounts and slab staggering amounts, the vibration simulation system is used for simulating vibration brought by metro vehicles and the external environment in the tunnel operation process and comprises a vibration generator and a vibration table, and the vibration generator is connected with the vibration table, installed on the test frame and connected to the segment simulation module; the master console sets the vibration frequency and intensity of the vibration generator for exciting the vibration table; the water pressure simulation system is connected with the segment simulation module through a telescopic water tank connecting pipe, a telescopic water pressure gauge connecting pipe and a telescopic drainage and exhaust connecting pipe. According to the utility model, the actual waterproof performance and durability are evaluated more comprehensively, the test accuracy is improved, and the test efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments in operation. Background Technology

[0002] During the long-term operation of subway tunnels, tunnel segments may be affected by various external factors, such as changes in geological conditions, uneven settlement, vehicle vibration, and adjustments in surrounding rock stress. These factors can cause changes in the misalignment, opening amount, and opening angle of tunnel segments, thereby affecting the waterproof performance of the segment gaskets. However, existing technologies do not provide a systematic testing device that can comprehensively simulate the impact of multiple factors on the waterproof performance of the gaskets, and thus evaluate the waterproof capability of the gaskets.

[0003] Currently, in the waterproof performance testing of subway tunnel segment gaskets, commonly used testing equipment mainly focuses on static water pressure tests and static simulation tests with a certain opening or misalignment. These technical solutions are mostly designed to apply a single static pressure, testing the sealing performance of the gasket under different water pressures or with slight deformation. The following are the existing technical solutions and their shortcomings:

[0004] 1. Static water pressure testing equipment: This type of equipment simulates the seepage pressure of water through static water pressure to observe the waterproofing effect of the sealing gasket. Its main testing method involves applying static water pressure to the tunnel segment structure and monitoring whether the sealing gasket leaks under a certain pressure. However, this type of equipment cannot simulate the vibration, uneven settlement, and surrounding rock stress changes in the actual operating environment of a tunnel, and therefore cannot reflect the waterproofing performance of the sealing gasket under dynamic and combined stress conditions.

[0005] 2. Static Simulation Devices for Opening and Misalignment: Another type of existing equipment can simulate a certain amount of opening or misalignment changes during testing to evaluate the sealing performance of the gasket under specific opening or misalignment amounts. These devices typically employ adjustable steel structures to apply different segment displacements, but their test conditions remain static, failing to simulate continuous vibration and surrounding rock pressure changes, making it difficult to effectively assess the long-term durability of the gasket under complex operating conditions.

[0006] 3. Uniaxial or Multiaxial Loading Test Benches: Some research institutions test the waterproof performance of sealing gaskets on uniaxial or multiaxial loading test benches. These test benches can apply forces or displacements in a certain direction, but they are generally only used for basic mechanical performance testing, and mostly for static force application. In addition, existing multiaxial loading test benches generally lack detailed segment misalignment angle adjustment functions and cannot simulate dynamic vibrations and long-term surrounding rock pressure changes during subway operation.

[0007] The existing technology has the following technical disadvantages in the waterproofing test of tunnel segment sealing gaskets:

[0008] 1. Inability to simulate real dynamic working conditions: Existing technologies are mostly static testing equipment, primarily testing the waterproofing performance of gaskets by applying fixed water pressure and setting static misalignment and opening amounts. These static conditions differ significantly from the frequent vibrations, uneven settlement, and surrounding rock stress changes experienced in actual operating tunnels, and therefore cannot reflect the performance of gaskets under real dynamic working conditions. Consequently, existing equipment cannot comprehensively and realistically assess the durability and adaptability of gaskets during long-term tunnel operation.

[0009] 2. Inability to precisely simulate segment misalignment angle: Existing static misalignment and opening simulation devices typically only allow for fixed-direction displacement adjustment through manual adjustment of the steel structure, with limited adjustment range. This method cannot realistically reproduce the dynamic changes in segment misalignment angle during operation, especially the angle offset in multiple axial directions. Therefore, existing technologies struggle to evaluate the sealing effect of gaskets under varying segment angle conditions.

[0010] 3. Lack of combined testing support for different opening and misalignment amounts: Existing technologies can usually only simulate a single opening or misalignment amount, and cannot comprehensively evaluate the waterproofing effect of the gasket under different combinations of opening amounts and misalignment heights. In actual tunnels, different working conditions may lead to misalignment and opening phenomena between segments simultaneously. This combination of composite stresses will exacerbate the challenge to the waterproofing performance of the gasket.

[0011] 4. Lack of intelligent monitoring and real-time feedback capabilities: Existing equipment typically only provides simple water pressure application and leakage observation, lacking a data monitoring and feedback system. During testing, the condition of the gasket can only be observed manually, resulting in low accuracy and efficiency, making it difficult to promptly capture minute performance changes of the gasket under dynamic stress. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the inability to realistically simulate dynamic working conditions, lack of precise angle adjustment, lack of composite stress combination tests, and lack of intelligent monitoring, this utility model provides a test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments. This device comprehensively evaluates the actual waterproof performance and durability, improves test accuracy, and increases test efficiency. It makes the waterproof performance test of the sealing gasket more comprehensive and realistic, providing more scientific data support for the design and application of shield tunnel sealing gaskets, and helping to improve the long-term operational safety and waterproof durability of tunnels.

[0013] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is:

[0014] A test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments in operation, the test device includes an experimental frame, a tunnel segment simulation module, a displacement control platform, a vibration simulation system, a water pressure simulation system, an intelligent monitoring system, and a main control console.

[0015] The tube segment simulation module includes an upper simulated tube segment and a lower simulated tube segment. A sealing gasket sample is installed between the two simulated tubes. The upper simulated tube segment and the lower simulated tube segment are respectively installed on the vibration simulation system.

[0016] The displacement control platform is used to simulate different opening and misalignment amounts. Its structure includes a horizontal electro-hydraulic control device, a linear slide rail, and a vertical electro-hydraulic control device. The horizontal electro-hydraulic control device is connected to the lower simulated tube segment, which is slidably mounted on the linear slide rail. The vertical electro-hydraulic control device is connected to the upper simulated tube segment.

[0017] The vibration simulation system is used to simulate the vibrations caused by subway vehicles and the external environment during tunnel operation. It includes a vibration generator and a vibration table. The vibration generator is connected to the vibration table, installed on the test frame, and connected to the segment simulation module. The main control console sets the vibration frequency and intensity of the vibration table excited by the vibration generator.

[0018] The water pressure simulation system includes a water tank and an electric booster pump to simulate external water pressure. A certain water pressure is generated in the water tank by the electric booster pump, and the internal cavity of the tunnel segment simulation module is filled with water. The water pressure simulation system is connected to the tunnel segment simulation module through a retractable water tank connecting pipe, a retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe, and a retractable drainage and venting connecting pipe. One end of the retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe is connected to the tunnel segment, and the other end is connected to the built-in electronic water pressure gauge, which displays the water pressure result on the main control panel LCD screen in real time.

[0019] The intelligent monitoring system is equipped with stress sensors, displacement sensors, angle sensors, and leakage monitoring sensors to monitor the stress on the sealing gasket, the opening amount of the pipe segment, the rotation angle of the pipe segment, and the leakage status in real time; the stress sensor monitors the stress between the sealing gasket and the pipe segment in real time; the displacement sensor and the angle sensor monitor the opening amount of the pipe segment and the misalignment angle, respectively; and the leakage monitoring sensor detects whether leakage occurs during the test.

[0020] Furthermore, a longitudinal and a transverse rotating shaft is installed at the center of the edge of the upper simulated tube segment, and the rotating shaft is connected to the slot. The upper simulated tube segment is in contact with the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device; the lower simulated tube segment is in contact with the two hydraulic rods of the transverse electro-hydraulic control device. When the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device are in the retracted state, the upper simulated tube segment is removed, and the sealing gasket sample is pasted into the groove of the two simulated tube segments. After the required bonding strength is achieved, the upper simulated tube segment and the lower simulated tube segment are assembled according to the opening and misalignment required by the test.

[0021] Furthermore, the displacement control platform also includes a longitudinal rotary bearing and a transverse rotary bearing. The vertical electro-hydraulic control device can make the upper segment rotate along the longitudinal rotary bearing or the transverse rotary bearing by applying different forces or displacements to the telescopic vertical hydraulic rod, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod, and telescopic vertical hydraulic rod.

[0022] Furthermore, the main control console includes modules for operating vertical electro-hydraulic control devices, horizontal electro-hydraulic control devices, controlling automatic water filling of the water tank, and controlling the electric booster pump to apply water pressure. The main control console's data processing system, through the connection of signals from various sensors, realizes real-time data acquisition, storage, and analysis of the test process, including real-time water pressure display and recording, recording the performance changes of the sealing gasket under dynamic working conditions, and generating detailed experimental reports.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are mainly reflected in:

[0024] 1. This invention, by adding a multi-axis dynamic loading module and a vibration simulation device, can continuously simulate the vibrations, uneven settlement, and surrounding rock stress changes generated during tunnel operation in experiments. Through these dynamic force application methods, this device can realistically reproduce and test the sealing effect of the gasket under complex stress environments, thereby more comprehensively evaluating its actual waterproof performance and durability.

[0025] 2. A multi-dimensional angle adjustment function is designed. Through a precision adjustment mechanism controlled by electricity or hydraulics, the angle changes of tunnel segments in multiple directions can be simulated. This patented device can accurately control the amplitude and rate of change of the misalignment angle, realistically reproducing the offset angle of tunnel segments under uneven settlement or stress fluctuations. This improvement will significantly enhance the accuracy of waterproofing tests on sealing gaskets under varying misalignment angles.

[0026] 3. Through the combined adjustment module, different combinations of opening and misalignment can be dynamically set during the test to achieve sealing performance testing under complex working conditions. This combined test can evaluate the waterproof performance of the gasket under different opening and misalignment states, thus more closely simulating the sealing effect in complex stress environments.

[0027] 4. An intelligent monitoring system was designed, equipped with high-precision sensors and a data acquisition module, capable of real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes in stress, deformation, and sealing performance of the gasket. Furthermore, through a data feedback system, this patented device can automatically analyze sealing performance, providing reliable data support for gasket design and improvement, avoiding errors from manual monitoring, and improving testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments.

[0029] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the test device simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the segment simulation module, hydraulic system, and vibration simulation system.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic device and a vibration generator.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring system, slide rails, hydraulic devices, and vibration generator.

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical and horizontal electro-hydraulic control device, the vibration generator and the segment simulation module.

[0034] The attached figures are labeled as follows: test frame 100, segment simulation module 200, upper simulated segment 201, lower simulated segment 202, sealing gasket sample 300, lateral electro-hydraulic control device 401, linear slide rail 402, vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403, longitudinal rotary bearing 501, lateral rotary bearing 502, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod 4031, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod 4032, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod 4033, telescopic vertical hydraulic rod 4034, telescopic lateral hydraulic rod... Hydraulic rod 4011, telescopic lateral hydraulic rod 4012, vibration simulation system 600, vibration generator 601, vibration table 602, water pressure simulation system 700, water tank 701, electric booster pump 702, telescopic water tank connecting pipe 703, telescopic water pressure gauge connecting pipe 704, telescopic drainage and venting connecting pipe 705, intelligent monitoring system 800, stress sensor 801, displacement sensor 802, angle sensor 803, leakage monitoring sensor 804, and main control console 900. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 A test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments includes an experimental frame 100, a tunnel segment simulation module 200, a displacement control platform 400, a vibration simulation system 600, a water pressure simulation system 700, an intelligent monitoring system 800, and a main control console 900.

[0037] The test frame 100 serves as the main support structure of the entire device. It provides a stable test environment and supports the installation of the main components. The frame is made of high-strength steel and can withstand different dynamic loads.

[0038] The tunnel segment simulation module 200 includes an upper simulated tunnel segment 201 and a lower simulated tunnel segment 202 for mounting the sealing gasket sample 300. The simulated tunnel segments are made of high-hardness metal materials and can simulate the stress state and deformation characteristics of actual tunnel segments.

[0039] Relative position adjustment: The upper simulated tube segment 201 and the lower simulated tube segment 202 are respectively mounted on the vibration simulation system 600. A longitudinal and transverse rotation shaft is mounted at the center of the edge of the upper simulated tube segment 201, and the rotation shaft is connected to a slot. The upper simulated tube segment 201 contacts the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403. The lower simulated tube segment 202 contacts the two hydraulic rods of the transverse electro-hydraulic control device 401. These platforms allow for adjustments to the misalignment, opening amount, and angle between the tube segments. The device can provide misalignment of 20mm and greater and meet the opening requirements of any gasket size and tube segment size.

[0040] Sealing gasket installation: With the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403 in the retracted state, the upper simulated segment 201 can be removed. The sealing gasket sample 300 is then adhered to the grooves of the two simulated segments. After the required bonding strength is achieved, the upper simulated segment 201 and the lower simulated segment 202 are assembled according to the required opening and misalignment amounts for the test. Subsequently, a waterproof performance test can be conducted with the upper and lower segments at a certain opening and misalignment amount.

[0041] The displacement control platform 400 is used to simulate different opening and misalignment amounts. Its structure includes a transverse electro-hydraulic control device 401, a linear slide rail 402, and a vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403. The main control console operates the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403 to drive the upper simulated tube segment to compress the lower simulated tube segment by controlling the telescopic vertical hydraulic rods 4031, 4032, 4033, and 4034, thereby compressing the sealing gasket and achieving waterproofing. The main control console operates the transverse electro-hydraulic control device 401 to drive the lower simulated tube segment 202 to slide along the linear slide rail by controlling the telescopic transverse hydraulic rods 4011 and 4012, applying shear loads to the upper and lower simulated tube segments 201 and 202, causing misalignment between the tube segments 201 and 202.

[0042] Slide rail linkage: The slide rail 402 is driven by the transverse electro-hydraulic control device 401, which allows for minute misalignment adjustments of the tunnel segments in different directions. Through program control, continuous or periodic minute movements can be set to simulate displacement in the operating environment.

[0043] Rotation Adjustment: The vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403 can apply different forces or displacements to the retractable vertical hydraulic rods 4031, 4032, 4033, and 4034 to rotate the upper segment 201 along the longitudinal rotary bearing 501 or the transverse rotary bearing 502, thereby achieving angle adjustment. For example, simultaneously operating the retractable vertical hydraulic rods 4031 and 4032 will cause the upper simulated segment 201 to rotate along the transverse rotary bearing 502; simultaneously operating the retractable vertical hydraulic rods 4033 and 4034 will cause the upper simulated segment 201 to rotate along the longitudinal rotary bearing 501.

[0044] The rotary adjustment device controls the opening angle between the tunnel segments, simulating changes in the segment opening angle. The platform includes a longitudinal rotary bearing 501, a transverse rotary bearing 502, and a vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403. The rotary bearing design ensures the platform's stability, while the hydraulic control device provides sufficient angle adjustment accuracy. The system consists of a set of precision angle adjustment devices that can simulate the opening or closing angle changes of the tunnel segment joints, simulating a maximum opening angle of 10 degrees. This device uses an electric angle adjuster and is equipped with an angle sensor, enabling precise control and detection of changes in the opening angle.

[0045] The vibration simulation system 600 is used to simulate vibrations caused by subway vehicles and the external environment during tunnel operation. The system consists of a vibration generator 601 and a vibration table 602. Through frequency and amplitude adjustment modules, it can simulate vibrations of different frequencies experienced by the shield tunnel. The vibration table's frequency is adjustable from 0.1Hz to 10Hz, and its amplitude is adjustable from 0.1mm to 10mm, enabling it to simulate vibrations caused by factors such as train operation and earthquakes.

[0046] Synergistic effect of vibration generator and controller: Vibration generator 601 is connected to vibration table 602, mounted on test frame 100, and connected to segment simulation module 200. Main control console 900 can set the vibration frequency and intensity of vibration generator 601 exciting vibration table 602, and different parameters can be set according to the vibration spectrum of the actual tunnel.

[0047] The water pressure simulation system 700 includes a water tank 701 and an electric booster pump 702 to simulate external water pressure. A certain water pressure is generated in the water tank by the electric booster pump, and the internal cavity of the segment simulation module 200 is filled with water, thus providing a water pressure environment for the sealing gasket. This device can provide a maximum water pressure of 4 MPa.

[0048] Coordinated control of the water tank and booster pump: The water tank 701 provides a sufficient water environment, and the booster pump 702 increases or decreases the water pressure to simulate the pressure at different water depths, thereby observing the waterproofing effect of the sealing gasket under different water pressure conditions. The water pressure simulation system is connected to the segment simulation module 200 through a retractable water tank connecting pipe 703, a retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe 704, and a retractable drainage and venting connecting pipe 705. One end of the retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe 704 is connected to the segment, and the other end is connected to the built-in electronic water pressure gauge, displaying the water pressure result in real time on the LCD screen of the main control console 900. In addition, this device can automatically expel the gas inside the segment simulation module 200 during the test to avoid damage to the sealing gasket by air pressure.

[0049] The intelligent monitoring system 800 is equipped with a stress sensor 801, a displacement sensor 802, an angle sensor 803, and a leakage monitoring sensor 804, which are used to monitor the stress on the gasket, the opening amount of the pipe segment, the rotation angle of the pipe segment, and the leakage status in real time.

[0050] Multi-sensor collaboration: Stress sensor 801 monitors the stress between the gasket and the segment in real time; displacement sensor 802 and angle sensor 803 monitor the segment opening and misalignment angle, respectively; leakage monitoring sensor 804 detects whether leakage occurs during the test.

[0051] The main control console 900 integrates multiple functions, including operating the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 401, the horizontal electro-hydraulic control device 403, controlling the water tank 701 to automatically add water, and controlling the electric booster pump 702 to apply water pressure. The main control console's data processing system realizes real-time data acquisition, storage, and analysis of the test process by connecting the signals of various sensors, including the display and recording of real-time water pressure. It can record the performance changes of the sealing gasket under dynamic working conditions and generate detailed experimental reports.

[0052] In this embodiment, the displacement control platform and the rotation adjustment platform are linked: the displacement control platform 400 is responsible for adjusting the opening amount, misalignment, and rotation angle, achieving precise displacement and angle control through the horizontal electro-hydraulic control device 401, the slide rail 402, and the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403. The vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403 is responsible for adjusting the segment opening amount and opening angle. By applying different loads or displacements, the vertical electro-hydraulic control device 403 controls the retractable vertical hydraulic rods 4031, 4032, 4033, and 4034, allowing the segments to obtain different opening amounts or opening rotation angles. By operating the horizontal electro-hydraulic control device 401, the lower segment 202 can slide along the slide rail 402, thereby obtaining the misalignment under operating conditions. This combined design can simultaneously achieve precise adjustment of displacement and angle, which is not available in the prior art. Through linkage control, the changes in misalignment, opening amount, and angle under different working conditions can be simulated.

[0053] Dynamic vibration simulation: The vibration simulation system 600 can generate vibrations of different frequencies and intensities. The vibration generator 601 excites the vibration table 602 to generate vibrations that act on the tunnel segment simulation module 200. The main control console 900 with an LCD display adjusts and monitors the vibrations. The addition of this system enables the device to simulate the continuous vibrations experienced by the tunnel during operation, further enhancing the realism of the test.

[0054] Combined application of water pressure and dynamic load: The water pressure simulation system 700 applies water pressure to the gasket test piece through the water tank 701 and the pressurization pump 702. Combined with the vibration simulation system and the dynamic displacement system, water pressure, displacement, and vibration loads are applied simultaneously, creating multiple pressure effects. This combined load application can more realistically simulate the waterproof performance of the gasket under complex stress environments, which is impossible to achieve with traditional static loading methods.

[0055] Intelligent monitoring and feedback: Sensors in the intelligent monitoring system 800 monitor various parameters in real time, including the pressure, displacement, angle, and leakage status of the gasket. The main control console 900 records and analyzes all sensor data through a data processing system, generating real-time feedback to help improve test accuracy. The leakage detection sensor 804 can issue an alarm when leakage occurs, effectively determining whether the gasket performance meets requirements.

[0056] This embodiment integrates multiple dynamic load factors into a single testing device and achieves precise linkage control of displacement, angle, and vibration. Existing static simulation tests are limited to a single water pressure and fixed misalignment. This device, through the linkage of displacement and rotation adjustment platforms, achieves comprehensive adjustment of opening, misalignment, and angle under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, through the collaborative work of the intelligent monitoring system and data processing system, test data is collected and fed back in real time, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and realism of the gasket test.

[0057] This invention achieves technological breakthroughs in dynamic simulation, adjustment accuracy, and data feedback of the test scheme, effectively making up for the shortcomings of existing equipment in being unable to realistically simulate various complex stress conditions, and making the waterproof performance test of tunnel segment sealing gaskets more comprehensive and accurate.

[0058] The embodiments described in this specification are merely examples of implementations of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The scope of protection of this utility model should not be considered limited to the specific forms described in these embodiments; rather, it extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments, characterized in that, The experimental setup includes an experimental frame, a segment simulation module, a displacement control platform, a vibration simulation system, a water pressure simulation system, an intelligent monitoring system, and a main control console. The tube segment simulation module includes an upper simulated tube segment and a lower simulated tube segment. A sealing gasket sample is installed between the two simulated tubes. The upper simulated tube segment and the lower simulated tube segment are respectively installed on the vibration simulation system. The displacement control platform is used to simulate different opening and misalignment amounts. Its structure includes a horizontal electro-hydraulic control device, a linear slide rail, and a vertical electro-hydraulic control device. The horizontal electro-hydraulic control device is connected to the lower simulated tube segment, which is slidably mounted on the linear slide rail. The vertical electro-hydraulic control device is connected to the upper simulated tube segment. The vibration simulation system is used to simulate the vibrations caused by subway vehicles and the external environment during tunnel operation. It includes a vibration generator and a vibration table. The vibration generator is connected to the vibration table, installed on the test frame, and connected to the segment simulation module. The main control console sets the vibration frequency and intensity of the vibration table excited by the vibration generator. The water pressure simulation system includes a water tank and an electric booster pump to simulate external water pressure. A certain water pressure is generated in the water tank by the electric booster pump, and the internal cavity of the tunnel segment simulation module is filled with water. The water pressure simulation system is connected to the tunnel segment simulation module through a retractable water tank connecting pipe, a retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe, and a retractable drainage and venting connecting pipe. One end of the retractable water pressure gauge connecting pipe is connected to the tunnel segment, and the other end is connected to the built-in electronic water pressure gauge, which displays the water pressure result on the main control panel LCD screen in real time. The intelligent monitoring system is equipped with stress sensors, displacement sensors, angle sensors, and leakage monitoring sensors to monitor the stress on the sealing gasket, the opening amount of the pipe segment, the rotation angle of the pipe segment, and the leakage status in real time; the stress sensor monitors the stress between the sealing gasket and the pipe segment in real time; the displacement sensor and the angle sensor monitor the opening amount of the pipe segment and the misalignment angle, respectively; and the leakage monitoring sensor detects whether leakage occurs during the test.

2. The test apparatus for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper simulated tube segment has longitudinal and transverse rotating shafts installed at the center of its edge, and the rotating shafts are connected to the slots. The upper simulated tube segment is in contact with the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device; the lower simulated tube segment is in contact with the two hydraulic rods of the transverse electro-hydraulic control device. When the four hydraulic rods of the vertical electro-hydraulic control device are in the retracted state, the upper simulated tube segment is removed, and the sealing gasket sample is pasted into the groove of the two simulated tube segments. After the required bonding strength is achieved, the upper simulated tube segment and the lower simulated tube segment are assembled according to the opening and misalignment required by the test.

3. The test apparatus for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The displacement control platform also includes a longitudinal rotary bearing and a transverse rotary bearing. The vertical electro-hydraulic control device can make the upper tube segment rotate along the longitudinal rotary bearing or the transverse rotary bearing by applying different forces or displacements to the telescopic vertical hydraulic rod.

4. The test apparatus for simulating the waterproof sealing performance of subway tunnel segments as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The main control console includes modules for operating vertical electro-hydraulic control devices, horizontal electro-hydraulic control devices, controlling automatic water filling of the water tank, and controlling the electric booster pump to apply water pressure. The main control console's data processing system, through the connection of signals from various sensors, realizes real-time data acquisition, storage, and analysis of the test process, including real-time water pressure display and recording, recording the performance changes of the sealing gasket under dynamic working conditions, and generating detailed experimental reports.

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