Two-dimensional broadband wide-beam coverage phased-array antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses a two-dimensional broadband wide beam coverage phased-array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The phased-array antenna is composed of a plurality of 2 * 2 antenna modules which are distributed in an axial symmetry mode. Each antenna unit comprises a metal shielding hole, a feed probe, a feed shielding hole, and a metal ground layer, a first dielectric layer, a feed line layer, a first prepreg layer, a second dielectric layer, a coupling gap layer, a second prepreg layer, a third dielectric layer, a lower patch layer, a third prepreg layer and a fourth dielectric layer which are tightly attached in sequence from bottom to top; a fourth prepreg layer, a fifth dielectric layer and an upper patch layer; the antenna has the structural advantages of simple structure, low profile, high integration level and the like, and can realize the performances of wide working frequency band, two-dimensional wide beam coverage and easy beam regulation and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to a two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as radar and communications, including air surveillance and naval navigation, there is a need for both broadband communication and a wide target detection range. This places new demands on systems for wide-bandwidth angular domain beam coverage. Omnidirectional antennas can achieve wide-angle domain beam coverage, but they suffer from low gain, severe multipath effects, and poor airspace anti-interference capabilities. Narrowband narrow-beam directional antennas, on the other hand, cannot adapt to communication with broadband, large-angle range, and highly dynamic targets. Two-dimensional wide beams can achieve uniform signal coverage within a two-dimensional rectangular area, reduce multipath effects, improve signal anti-interference capabilities in space through spatial filtering, thereby improving communication quality. Simultaneously, spatial multiplexing increases channel capacity. Currently, conformal antennas can achieve high-gain two-dimensional wide beams, but these are bulky and have high requirements for the installation environment. There are also array antennas achieved through shaping, but these require complex feed networks, resulting in narrower bandwidth. Furthermore, neither of these types of antennas is conducive to miniaturization and integration.

[0003] Each antenna element in a phased array is interconnected with a T / R module. By adjusting attenuators and phase shifters, the excitation amplitude and phase of the antenna element can be changed, allowing for convenient and quick implementation of different beamforms and pointing methods. Compared to traditional brick-type phased arrays, tile-type phased arrays offer advantages such as lower profile and easier integration, but they impose requirements on the symmetry of the antenna module feed positions. Therefore, a simple antenna element was designed that can be easily interconnected and matched with the tile-type T / R module. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the existing technical problems, this utility model provides a two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna is composed of multiple antenna modules arranged in a rectangular grid. Each antenna module consists of 2×2 antenna elements, which are distributed axially symmetrically. Each antenna element includes a metal shielding hole, a feed probe, and a feed shielding hole, as well as a metal ground layer, a first dielectric layer, a feed line layer, a first prepreg layer, a second dielectric layer, a coupling slot layer, a second prepreg layer, a third dielectric layer, a lower patch layer, a third prepreg layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a fourth prepreg layer, a fifth dielectric layer, and an upper patch layer, which are tightly attached from bottom to top.

[0007] Each antenna element is divided into four regions, and the feed probe is located in any one of these regions. Multiple feed shielding holes surround the feed probe, and the feed probe and feed shielding holes penetrate from the metal ground layer to the first semi-cured sheet.

[0008] Each antenna element is surrounded by multiple metal shielding holes, which extend from the metal ground layer to the coupling slot layer.

[0009] The feed layer includes arc-shaped microstrip lines and straight microstrip lines. The starting point of the arc-shaped microstrip line is connected to the feed probe, and the ending point is located at the center point of the antenna. The straight microstrip line is connected to the ending point of the arc-shaped microstrip line.

[0010] Furthermore, the coupling slot layer is a coupling H-shaped slot, and the center of the coupling H-shaped slot coincides with the center of the antenna element in the vertical direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the phased array antenna is interconnected with the external T / R components via BGA ball-mounting.

[0012] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:

[0013] (1) This utility model adopts an offset feeding method with an arc-shaped microstrip line coupled with an H-shaped slot, which realizes the axisymmetric structure of the antenna module in terms of structure, which is beneficial to interconnection with the T / R component; in terms of performance, it reduces the loss caused by transition and conversion, improves the matching of the phased array antenna, and increases the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0014] (2) This utility model can quickly obtain the excitation amplitude and phase distribution required for two-dimensional wide beam through the improved synthesis algorithm. It is applicable to the synthesis of far-field radiation patterns of any unit form and any scale. The calculation method is simple and the calculation result is unique.

[0015] (3) This utility model adopts a tile-type phased array system to achieve two-dimensional wide beam coverage. In terms of structure, it achieves miniaturization, low profile and high integration. In terms of function, the amplitude and phase are easy to control, the in-band gain flatness and beam width can be freely adjusted and reconstructed, and even beam scanning can be performed within the design-allowed angle range. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a top view of the antenna module of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the interconnection between the antenna module and the external T / R component module of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a side view of the antenna element of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a top view of the feeding structure of the two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a VSWR curve of the antenna module in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a 3D radiation pattern of the center frequency two-dimensional wide beam of the 8×8 phased array antenna in this embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this utility model can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0025] This embodiment provides an 8×8 two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna operating in the Ku band, as shown in the schematic diagram below. Figure 1 As shown, this phased array antenna consists of 16 antenna modules, and its topology diagram is as follows. Figure 2 As shown; the structural schematic diagram of the antenna module is as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the antenna module comprises 2×2 linearly polarized wave antenna elements, which are axially symmetrically distributed along the X and Y axes; each antenna module is interconnected with the external T / R assembly 19 via BGA ball bearings 18, as shown. Figure 4 As shown; the antenna element is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the size is 0.5λ h ×0.5λ h , λ h For high-frequency free-space wavelengths, it includes, from bottom to top, a tightly bonded metal ground layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a feed layer 3, a first prepreg layer 4, a second dielectric layer 5, a coupling gap layer 6, a second prepreg layer 7, a third dielectric layer 8, a lower patch layer 9, a third prepreg layer 10, a fourth dielectric layer 11, a fourth prepreg layer 12, a fifth dielectric layer 13, and an upper patch layer 14, and also includes a feed probe 15, a feed shielding hole 16, and a metal shielding hole 17.

[0026] The first dielectric layer 2 has a relative permittivity of 3.35 and a thickness of 0.2 mm; the second dielectric layer 5 has a relative permittivity of 3.35 and a thickness of 0.1 mm; the third dielectric layer 8, the fourth dielectric layer 11, and the fifth dielectric layer 13 all have a relative permittivity of 3.35 and a thickness of 0.5 mm.

[0027] The relative permittivity of the first to fourth prepregs 4, 7, 10 and 12 is 3.32 and the thickness is 0.106 mm.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, the antenna element is divided into four regions, A, B, C, and D, along the coordinate axes. The feed position is located in region A, 0.35 mm from the antenna center point on the X-axis and 1.15 mm from the Y-axis, coinciding with the output port position of the external T / R assembly 19. The feed probe 15 penetrates the metal ground layer 1 to the first prepreg layer 4, with a diameter of 0.3 mm and pads on both its upper and lower surfaces, each with a diameter of 0.6 mm. The feed probe 15 is surrounded by a feed shielding hole 16, also penetrating the metal base layer 1 to the first prepreg layer 4, with a diameter of 0.3 mm and pads on both its upper and lower surfaces, each with a diameter of 0.6 mm. The pads on the lower surface of the feed probe 15 and the surrounding feed shielding hole 16 are soldered to the BGA ball bearings 18.

[0029] The feed layer 3 is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and includes an arc-shaped microstrip line and a straight microstrip line. The starting point of the arc-shaped microstrip line is connected to the feed probe 15, 0.35 mm from the antenna center point on the X-axis and 1.15 mm from the Y-axis; the ending point is located at the antenna center point. A straight microstrip line parallel to the X-axis is connected to the ending point of the arc-shaped microstrip line, and the length of the straight microstrip line is 3.1 mm. The width of both the arc-shaped and straight microstrip lines is 0.2 mm.

[0030] The coupling slot layer 6 is a coupling H-shaped slot. The center of the coupling H-shaped slot coincides with the center of the antenna element on the Z-axis. The two long slots are perpendicular to the X-axis, with a long side length of 2.55 mm and a short side length of 0.15 mm. The short slot is parallel to the X-axis, with a long side length of 1.42 mm and a short side length of 0.13 mm.

[0031] Both the lower patch layer 9 and the upper patch layer 14 are square metal patches, with their centers coinciding vertically with the center of the antenna element. The lower patch layer 9 is located on the upper surface of the third dielectric layer 8, and its patch size is 4.1mm × 4.1mm. The upper patch layer 14 is located on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric layer 13, and its patch size is 3.92mm × 3.92mm.

[0032] The antenna element is surrounded by a ring of metal shielding holes 17, which penetrate the metal ground layer 1 to the coupling slot layer 6 in sequence, and the diameter of the holes is 0.3 mm.

[0033] The VSWR of the antenna module in this embodiment was simulated and tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the relative impedance bandwidth of a VSWR of 1.5 is 27.6%.

[0034] like Figure 8 The image shows the 3D radiation pattern of the 8×8 two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna in this embodiment. The antenna gain is as high as 8.4 dBi, and the beam flatness within a two-dimensional 60° range is 1.25 dB.

[0035] The above results show that the phased array antenna of this invention can achieve wide beam coverage with both elevation and azimuth angles greater than 60° within a relatively wide operating frequency band.

[0036] Many specific details have been set forth in the above description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model, and this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above. Furthermore, any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of this utility model using the methods and techniques disclosed above, or modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model, without departing from the content of the technical solution of this utility model, shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna, characterized in that, It consists of a rectangular grid array of multiple antenna modules. Each antenna module is composed of 2×2 antenna elements, which are distributed axially symmetrically. Each antenna element includes a metal shielding hole, a feed probe and a feed shielding hole, and, from bottom to top, a metal ground layer, a first dielectric layer, a feed line layer, a first prepreg layer, a second dielectric layer, a coupling gap layer, a second prepreg layer, a third dielectric layer, a lower patch layer, a third prepreg layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a fourth prepreg layer, a fifth dielectric layer and an upper patch layer. Each antenna element is divided into four regions, and the feed probe is located in any one of these regions. Multiple feed shielding holes surround the feed probe, and the feed probe and feed shielding holes penetrate from the metal ground layer to the first semi-cured sheet. Each antenna element is surrounded by multiple metal shielding holes, which extend from the metal ground layer to the coupling slot layer. The feed layer includes arc-shaped microstrip lines and straight microstrip lines. The starting point of the arc-shaped microstrip line is connected to the feed probe, and the ending point is located at the center point of the antenna. The straight microstrip line is connected to the ending point of the arc-shaped microstrip line.

2. The two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling slot layer is a coupling H-shaped slot, and the center of the coupling H-shaped slot coincides with the center of the antenna element in the vertical direction.

3. The two-dimensional wideband beam coverage phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phased array antenna is interconnected with the external T / R components via BGA ball-mounting.

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