Treatment equipment for treating styrene-acrylonitrile

Abstract

The utility model relates to treatment equipment (1) which comprises a treatment screw machine (4) used for treating dehydrated rubber (7) and styrene-acrylonitrile; a dewatering screw machine (2) for dewatering the wet rubber (6) and for providing the dewatered rubber (7); and a feeding device (3) for feeding the dehydrated rubber (7) into the at least one treatment screw machine (4). As dehydration and treatment are separated in mechanical technology, simple, flexible and efficient treatment can be realized.

Description

[0001] This patent application claims priority to European patent application EP 24 190 324.4, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a method and a processing apparatus for processing styrene-acrylonitrile. Background Technology

[0003] A method and a processing apparatus for processing styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) are known from WO 2022 / 229 347A1. The processing apparatus includes an extruder that, along the conveying direction, sequentially comprises a first feed zone, a preheating zone, a mechanical dehydration zone, a second feed zone, a first degassing zone, a third feed zone, a second degassing zone, and a discharge zone. In the first feed zone, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and, where appropriate, additives, are fed into the extruder; they are heated in the preheating zone and then dehydrated in the dehydration zone. In the second feed zone, styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the extruder. The mixture produced in the extruder is then degassed in the degassing zone. In the third feed zone, styrene-acrylonitrile and additives can be fed back into the extruder. The degassed mixture is discharged from the discharge zone of the extruder. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to create a method that makes it possible to process styrene-acrylonitrile simply, flexibly, and efficiently.

[0005] This objective is achieved through a method according to one embodiment. According to the present invention, the dehydration of rubber, particularly acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and the processing of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) are mechanically separated from each other. The processing equipment includes a dehydration screw and at least one separate processing screw. The dehydration screw is used to dehydrate the wet rubber, while the at least one processing screw is used to produce a mixture of the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile and to degas the produced mixture. Since the dehydration and processing steps (i.e., the steps of producing the mixture and degassing the produced mixture) are mechanically separated by the dehydration screw and the at least one processing screw, these steps can be performed simply, flexibly, and efficiently. In particular, the dehydration screw can be optimally configured and operated for the dehydration steps, while the at least one processing screw can be configured and operated for the processing steps.

[0006] Natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber can be used as the rubber. For example, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) can be used as a synthetic rubber.

[0007] The dewatering screw compressor includes at least one dewatering shaft, preferably at least two dewatering shafts. During operation of the dewatering screw compressor, the at least one dewatering shaft rotates at a speed n. E Rotation. Rotational speed n E Specifically: 40rpm≤n E ≤600rpm, especially 50rpm≤n E ≤400rpm, and especially 60rpm≤n E ≤300rpm.

[0008] The dewatering screw compressor can be configured as a single-shaft dewatering screw compressor or a multi-shaft dewatering screw compressor. Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor is configured as a co-rotating twin-shaft dewatering screw compressor including two dewatering shafts. The dewatering shafts can be driven to rotate in the same direction or driven to rotate in the same direction.

[0009] The wet rubber has a first moisture content W1 when it is fed into the dewatering screw mill, and the dewatered rubber has a second moisture content W2 when it is discharged from the dewatering screw mill. For the relative moisture content change ΔW = (W1-W2) / W1, in particular: 50% ≤ ΔW ≤ 99%, especially 60% ≤ ΔW ≤ 95%, and especially 70% ≤ ΔW ≤ 90%.

[0010] After the dehydrated rubber is discharged from the dehydration screw, it is fed into the at least one processing screw. The dehydrated rubber can be fed into one or more processing screws. The processing screws are arranged parallel to each other, allowing the dehydrated rubber to be distributed among them. The processing equipment includes a first feeding device for feeding the dehydrated rubber into the at least one processing screw.

[0011] The at least one processing screw, particularly the corresponding processing screw, is preferably configured as a multi-screw processing screw. Specifically, each of the at least one processing screw has at least two processing element shafts. These at least two processing element shafts are particularly capable of being driven to rotate in the same direction or in the same direction. Preferably, the at least one processing screw, particularly the corresponding processing screw, is configured as a co-rotating twin-screw dewatering screw. Therefore, the corresponding processing screw includes exactly two processing element shafts that are capable of being driven to rotate in the same direction or in the same direction.

[0012] The shafts of at least two processing elements have a rotational speed n during operation. A The corresponding rotational speed n A Specifically:

[0013] 40rpm≤n A ≤1200rpm, especially 100rpm≤n A≤1000rpm, and especially 200rpm≤n A ≤800rpm.

[0014] Styrene-acrylonitrile can be fed into the at least one processing screw as a bulk material and / or as a melt. Preferably, at least one additive is fed into the at least one processing screw and mixed with the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile to form a mixture.

[0015] To feed styrene-acrylonitrile into the at least one processing screw, the processing equipment may include a corresponding second feeding device. The corresponding second feeding device may specifically include a metering device and / or a feed screw.

[0016] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Because the dewatering screw compressor is optimized for the dewatering process steps, wet rubber can be dewatered to a desired second moisture content W2 even if the first moisture content W1 is high.

[0017] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Because the dehydration screw is optimized for the dehydration process steps, a low second moisture content W2 of the dehydrated rubber can be achieved. Preferably, the second moisture content W2 is at most 12% by weight, particularly at most 6% by weight, particularly at most 5% by weight, and particularly at most 2% by weight. The lower the second moisture content W2, the easier it is to degas the produced mixture using the at least one processing screw.

[0018] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. This is achieved by controlling the temperature T. K The heat energy from the dehydrated rubber is used to process styrene-acrylonitrile. This heat energy positively influences the viscosity of the styrene-acrylonitrile, thereby improving the mixing and homogenization of the styrene-acrylonitrile with the dehydrated rubber. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed as a bulk material (e.g., as powder and / or granules), it can be plasticized more easily and quickly in at least one processing screw mill using the heat energy. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed as a melt, the viscosity of the styrene-acrylonitrile melt is at least unaffected. Therefore, temperature T... K Ensures simple and efficient mixing and homogenization of dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile.

[0019] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Homogenization of the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile is improved by feeding the dehydrated rubber upstream of the styrene-acrylonitrile feedstock into the at least one processing screw. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed in bulk (e.g., as powder and / or granules), the styrene-acrylonitrile and the dehydrated rubber are plasticized or masticated together in the at least one processing screw, and homogenized in a simple and efficient manner. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed in as a melt, the dehydrated rubber is masticated and homogenized simultaneously in the styrene-acrylonitrile melt.

[0020] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. By feeding styrene-acrylonitrile as a bulk material (e.g., as powder and / or granules), the styrene-acrylonitrile and dehydrated rubber are plasticized or masticated together in at least one processing screw mill, and homogenized in this case. If styrene-acrylonitrile is fed as a melt, the dehydrated rubber is directly masticated and homogenized in the styrene-acrylonitrile melt. Therefore, the processing of styrene-acrylonitrile is improved.

[0021] The method according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. The corresponding seal is, in particular, a melt seal. The corresponding seal in the at least one processing screw prevents moisture or water vapor escaping from the mixture during processing from flowing back into the at least one processing screw in the reverse conveying direction. Preventing backflow also prevents the feeding of the dehydrated rubber or styrene-acrylonitrile from being affected. Preferably, the first feed point of the dehydrated rubber is arranged upstream of the second feed point of the styrene-acrylonitrile along the conveying direction. Styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the at least one processing screw as a melt and / or as a bulk material. The bulk material is plasticized into a melt in the at least one processing screw. Due to the temperature of the styrene-acrylonitrile melt, the remaining moisture still contained in the dehydrated rubber escapes as water vapor. The corresponding seal prevents this water vapor from flowing back into the at least one processing screw in the reverse conveying direction, and in particular prevents the feeding of the dehydrated rubber from being affected.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is also to create a processing device that makes it possible to process styrene-acrylonitrile simply, flexibly and efficiently.

[0023] This objective is achieved by a processing apparatus according to one embodiment. The advantages of the processing apparatus according to the present invention are consistent with the advantages already described in the method according to the present invention. In particular, the method according to the present invention can be further improved by incorporating at least one feature described in conjunction with the processing apparatus according to the present invention.

[0024] Since the processing equipment includes a dewatering screw and at least one processing screw, the dewatering of wet rubber and the processing of the dewatered rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile are mechanically separate or independent of each other. The dewatering screw can be configured to dewater the wet rubber, while the at least one processing screw, particularly the corresponding processing screw, can be configured to process the dewatered rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile. Therefore, the processing of styrene-acrylonitrile is improved. In particular, a simple, flexible, and efficient processing method is achieved.

[0025] Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor includes a housing and at least one dewatering shaft arranged in a corresponding housing bore of the housing. The at least one dewatering shaft is specifically configured to be double-threaded. Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor includes at least two dewatering shafts, preferably exactly two, arranged in corresponding housing bores of the housing. The two housing bores penetrate each other and have a transverse figure-eight shape in cross-section. Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor is configured as a co-rotating multi-shaft dewatering screw compressor.

[0026] Preferably, the corresponding processing screw press includes a housing and at least two processing element shafts arranged in corresponding housing bores of the housing. These at least two processing element shafts are specifically configured to be double-threaded. The corresponding processing screw press preferably includes exactly two processing element shafts arranged in corresponding housing bores of the housing. The two housing bores penetrate each other and have a transverse figure-eight shape in cross-section. Preferably, the corresponding processing screw press is configured as a co-rotating multi-spindle processing screw press, particularly a co-rotating dual-spindle processing screw press.

[0027] The at least one processing screw, particularly the corresponding processing screw, includes at least one inlet for feeding the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile. Preferably, each of the at least one processing screw includes a first inlet for feeding the dehydrated rubber and a second inlet for feeding the styrene-acrylonitrile. Preferably, the first inlet is arranged upstream of the second inlet along the conveying direction of the corresponding processing screw.

[0028] A feeding device is used to feed the dehydrated rubber into the at least one processing screw. For this purpose, the dehydrating screw is connected to the feeding device, thereby providing the dehydrated rubber to the feeding device. The feeding device is in turn connected to the at least one processing screw, and specifically to the first feed inlet of the corresponding processing screw.

[0029] Preferably, the processing equipment includes a first feeding device for feeding the dehydrated rubber into the at least one processing screw and at least one second feeding device for feeding styrene-acrylonitrile into the at least one processing screw. If the processing equipment has several processing screws, styrene-acrylonitrile can be fed into the processing screws by means of a shared second feeding device or by means of separate second feeding devices. Preferably, the first feeding device leads to a corresponding first inlet, and the at least one second feeding device leads to at least one associated second inlet.

[0030] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. The dewatering screw compressor includes at least one dewatering shaft having a length L. E and outer diameter D E Where: 16≤L E / D E ≤40, especially 18≤L E / D E ≤34, and especially 20≤L E / D E ≤28. Pass rate L E / D E The dewatering screw compressor ensures easy and efficient dewatering of wet rubber. Ratio L E / D E The larger the value, the longer the length of at least one dehydration zone in the dehydration screw compressor. Therefore, the desired degree of dehydration of the wet rubber can be adjusted.

[0031] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. The at least one dewatering shaft is arranged in a relevant housing bore of the dewatering screw compressor housing. The dewatering screw compressor includes at least one dewatering shaft having an outer diameter D. E and inner diameter d E Where: 1.22≤D E / d E ≤1.8, especially 1.4≤D E / d E ≤1.66, and especially 1.5≤D E / d E ≤1.6. Pass rate D E / d E The free volume or free cross-sectional area within at least one housing hole can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the kneading of the wet rubber and the extrusion of water from the wet rubber. Furthermore, by adjusting the ratio D... E / d E This can limit the mechanical energy input into the wet rubber. Preferably, the ratio D E / d EIt is applicable to at least one dehydration zone, and particularly applicable to each dehydration zone constructed in a dehydration screw press.

[0032] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor includes several dewatering zones arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. Preferably, the dewatering screw compressor includes a housing and at least one dewatering shaft arranged in a corresponding housing aperture of the housing. The corresponding dewatering shaft preferably includes at least one kneading element and / or at least one flow-blocking element in each dewatering zone. Preferably, the corresponding dewatering shaft in each dewatering zone includes at least one kneading element and at least one flow-blocking element, the at least one flow-blocking element being arranged downstream of the at least one kneading element along the conveying direction. The at least one flow-blocking element ensures that the wet rubber maintains the required residence time in the area of ​​the at least one kneading element, and is therefore sufficiently mixed and kneaded by means of the at least one kneading element. Water is thus squeezed out of the wet rubber. Each dewatering zone is preferably provided with at least one dewatering port constructed in the housing. The at least one dewatering port is preferably arranged upstream of the at least one flow-blocking element in the dewatering zone. For discharging the squeezed water, a filter cartridge and / or a discharge screw compressor may be connected to the corresponding dewatering port. The corresponding discharge screw compressor can be configured, for example, as a twin-screw discharge screw compressor. The corresponding twin-screw discharge screw compressor can be configured to rotate in the same or opposite directions.

[0033] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. A feeding device makes it possible to feed dehydrated rubber directly from the dehydration screw into the at least one processing screw. For this purpose, the outlet of the dehydration screw is connected to a corresponding inlet of the at least one processing screw via the feeding device. The dehydration screw can be connected directly to the at least one processing screw, for example, via at least one feeding pipe and / or via at least one feeding hopper. A buffer container can be provided for intermediate storage or buffering of the dehydrated rubber before it is fed into the at least one processing screw (these two steps are performed immediately afterward, without intermediate steps). The dehydrated rubber can be metered into the at least one processing screw via a corresponding metering device and / or a corresponding feeding screw.

[0034] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. At least one processing screw compressor each includes at least two processing element shafts, the at least two processing element shafts having a length L. A and outer diameter D A Where: 20≤L A / D A ≤60, especially 28≤L A / D A ≤52, and especially 36≤LA / D A ≤40. Ratio L A / D A This enables the desired homogenization of the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile, as well as the effective degassing of the produced mixture. Ratio L A / D A The smaller the size, the less mechanical technology is required.

[0035] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. The corresponding processing screw includes a housing and at least two processing element shafts arranged in corresponding housing bores of the housing. At least one processing screw each includes at least two processing element shafts, the at least two processing element shafts having an outer diameter D. A and inner diameter d A Where: 1.22≤D A / d A ≤1.8, especially 1.4≤D A / d A ≤1.66, and especially 1.5≤D A / d A ≤1.6. Pass rate D A / d A The free volume or free cross-sectional area within the at least two shell holes can be adjusted. This free volume or free cross-sectional area allows for thorough mixing and homogenization of the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile. Furthermore, the free volume or free cross-sectional area limits the input of mechanical energy and the generated shear force. Ratio D A / d A The larger the value, the larger the free volume or free cross-sectional area.

[0036] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Since the dehydrated rubber is fed into the corresponding processing screw at a first feed point, which is arranged upstream of a second feed point for styrene-acrylonitrile along the conveying direction, the dehydrated rubber can be processed directly together with the styrene-acrylonitrile. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the corresponding processing screw as bulk material (e.g., as powder and / or granules), the dehydrated rubber and the bulk styrene-acrylonitrile can be plasticized or masticated and homogenized together. If the styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the corresponding processing screw as a melt, the dehydrated rubber can be directly fed into the styrene-acrylonitrile melt. The dehydrated rubber is directly melted in the styrene-acrylonitrile melt and homogenized therewith.

[0037] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. A stacking zone between a first inlet for feeding dehydrated rubber and a second inlet for feeding styrene-acrylonitrile prevents moisture or water vapor escaping during the processing of the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile from flowing back into the corresponding processing screw in the reverse conveying direction, and also prevents the feeding of the dehydrated rubber from being affected. The corresponding processing screw includes at least two processing element shafts. The corresponding processing screw has at least one flow-blocking element for each processing element shaft in the stacking zone. This at least one flow-blocking element has a conveying direction opposite to the conveying direction of the corresponding processing screw. The at least one flow-blocking element on each processing element shaft forms a seal in the stacking zone, which prevents the backflow of escaped moisture or generated water vapor. The corresponding seal is particularly a melt seal.

[0038] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. The dehydrated rubber is degassed again before being fed into the styrene-acrylonitrile system via at least one first degassing zone arranged upstream of the second inlet along the conveying direction. The remaining second moisture content W2 of the dehydrated rubber is further reduced in the at least one first degassing zone. For this purpose, at least one kneading element is arranged in the at least one first degassing zone, which thoroughly mixes the dehydrated rubber, so that the remaining second moisture content W2 can escape at least partially in the form of water vapor. The at least one first degassing zone is provided with at least one degassing port, which is constructed in the housing of the corresponding processing screw. Water vapor can escape from the housing through the at least one degassing port. A corresponding first degassing device can be connected to the at least one degassing port. Preferably, the corresponding processing screw has at least two first degassing zones arranged sequentially and upstream of the second inlet along the conveying direction. A stacking zone can be constructed between the directly sequentially arranged first degassing zones to form a seal, particularly a melt seal.

[0039] The processing apparatus according to one embodiment ensures simple, flexible, and efficient processing of styrene-acrylonitrile. Downstream of the second inlet, a mixture in molten form is produced from the dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile. In the at least one second degassing zone, the melt is thoroughly mixed and homogenized, allowing residual water and / or other volatile components to escape from the melt. The corresponding processing screw includes at least two processing element shafts. In the at least one second degassing zone, at least one kneading element is arranged for each processing element shaft. The at least one second degassing zone is equipped with at least one second degassing port, which is constructed within the housing of the corresponding processing screw. Residual water or residual water vapor and / or other volatile components can escape through the at least one second degassing port. Each of the at least one second degassing port can be connected to a corresponding second degassing device. Preferably, at least two second degassing zones are arranged successively downstream of the second inlet, preferably between two and four second degassing zones. Corresponding accumulation zones can be constructed between the immediately following second degassing zones to form a seal, particularly a melt seal. Preferably, each second degassing zone is equipped with a second degassing port. The second degassing device may particularly include a twin-shaft side-degassing screw compressor. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The following description, with reference to several embodiments, further describes the features, advantages, and details of this utility model. Wherein:

[0041] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional top view of a processing apparatus for processing styrene-acrylonitrile according to a first embodiment is shown. The processing apparatus includes a dehydration screw compressor, a feeding device, and a processing screw compressor.

[0042] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the processing equipment along the tangent II-II.

[0043] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the processing equipment along the tangent III-III.

[0044] Figure 4 The diagram shows a corresponding processing apparatus for processing styrene-acrylonitrile according to the second embodiment. Figure 2 The sectional view, and

[0045] Figure 5 The processing device according to the second embodiment is shown in the diagram. Figure 3 A sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following reference Figures 1 to 3 The first embodiment of this utility model will be described. Figures 1 to 3 The processing equipment 1 shown is used for continuous processing of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN). For processing styrene-acrylonitrile, processing equipment 1 includes a dehydration screw compressor 2, a first feeding device 3, a processing screw compressor 4, and a second feeding device 5.

[0047] The dewatering screw compressor 2 is used to dewater wet rubber 6 and to provide dewatered rubber 7. The dewatering screw compressor 2 is configured as a co-rotating multi-shaft dewatering screw compressor or a co-rotating twin-shaft dewatering screw compressor. The dewatering screw compressor 2 includes a housing 8, in which two parallel and penetrating housing holes 9 and 10 are constructed. The cross-section of the housing holes 9 and 10 is a horizontal figure-eight shape.

[0048] The housing 8 includes several housing portions 12 to 17 arranged sequentially along a first conveying direction 11, which are interconnected to form the housing 8. The housing 8 also includes a discharge plate 18 that closes the housing 8 at the last housing portion 17. The discharge plate 18 is connected to the last housing portion 17. For discharging the dehydrated rubber 7, the discharge plate 18 includes a discharge outlet 19.

[0049] In order to feed wet rubber 6 into the dewatering screw 2, a feed inlet 20 is constructed in the first housing portion 12. For feeding, the dewatering screw 2 includes a feed hopper 21 leading to the feed inlet 20.

[0050] Two dewatering shafts 22 and 23 are arranged in the housing holes 9 and 10. These two dewatering shafts are driven to rotate in the same direction about their respective rotation axes 24 and 25. For rotational drive, the dewatering screw compressor 2 includes an electric drive motor 26 and a branch gearbox 28, with a coupling 27 arranged between them. The dewatering shafts 22 and 23 are driven to rotate in the same direction about the rotation axes 24 and 25 by means of the drive motor 26 via the branch gearbox 28.

[0051] The dewatering screw compressor 2, along the first conveying direction 11, sequentially comprises a feeding zone 29, a first dewatering zone 30, a second dewatering zone 31, and a discharge zone 32. In the feeding zone 29, the inlet 20 is constructed within the housing portion 12. Wet rubber 6 is fed in via the feed hopper 21. In the feeding zone 29, the dewatering shafts 22 and 23 have conveying elements 33 and 33' or screw elements.

[0052] Alternatively, the wet rubber 6 can be fed into the inlet 21 by means of a vertically or horizontally arranged packing screw. If it is a horizontal packing screw, the inlet 20 is constructed on the side of the housing portion 12.

[0053] In the feed zone 29, wet rubber 6 is conveyed along the first conveying direction 11 to the first dehydration zone 30. In the first dehydration zone 30, the wet rubber 6 is dehydrated. For this purpose, the dehydration shafts 22 and 23 sequentially have kneading elements 34 and 34' and flow-blocking elements 35 and 35' along the first conveying direction 11. The kneading elements 34 and 34' specifically include kneading blocks with integrally connected kneading discs and / or include a single kneading disc. The flow-blocking elements 35 and 35' are configured as screw elements, whose conveying direction is opposite to the first conveying direction 11. The stacking effect can be adjusted by tilting the flow-blocking elements 35 and 35', and thus the residence time of the wet rubber 6 in the first dehydration zone 30 can be adjusted.

[0054] In the first dehydration zone 30, a first dehydration port 36 is constructed in the housing 8. Water squeezed out of the first dehydration zone 30 can flow out of the housing 8 through the first dehydration port 36. The first dehydration port 36 is arranged, for example, in the region of the kneading elements 34, 34'. The dehydration screw 2 includes a first filter element 37 arranged in the first dehydration port 36. The first filter element 37 blocks the wet rubber 6 but allows water to flow out. As an alternative to the first filter element 37, a discharge screw can be connected to the first dehydration port 36. The discharge screw can be, for example, configured as a twin-shaft discharge screw rotating in the same or opposite directions. The discharge screw can be connected laterally.

[0055] The wet rubber 6 is pressed through the first dehydration zone 30 and into the second dehydration zone 31 by the conveying action of the conveying elements 33 and 33'. In the second dehydration zone 31, the wet rubber 6 is further dehydrated. In the second dehydration zone 31, the dehydration shafts 22 and 23 have kneading elements 38 and 38' and flow-blocking elements 39 and 39' sequentially along the first conveying direction 11. The kneading elements 38 and 38' specifically include kneading blocks with integrally connected kneading discs and / or include a single kneading disc. The flow-blocking elements 39 and 39' are configured as screw elements, whose conveying direction is opposite to the first conveying direction 11. The backflow effect can be adjusted by tilting the flow-blocking elements 39 and 39', and thus the residence time of the wet rubber 6 in the second dehydration zone 31 can be adjusted.

[0056] In the second dehydration zone 31, a second dehydration port 40 is constructed in the housing 8 to discharge the squeezed water. The second dehydration port 40 is arranged in the region of the kneading elements 38, 38'. The dehydration screw 2 includes a second filter element 41 arranged in the second dehydration port 40. The second filter element 41 blocks the wet rubber 6 but allows the discharge of squeezed water. As an alternative to the second filter element 41, a discharge screw can be connected to the second dehydration port 40. The discharge screw can be, for example, configured as a twin-shaft discharge screw rotating in the same or opposite directions. The discharge screw can be connected laterally.

[0057] The wet rubber 6 is dehydrated in dehydration zones 30 and 31, and the dehydrated rubber 7 is provided in discharge zone 32. In discharge zone 32, dehydration shafts 22 and 23 have conveying elements 42 and 42' or screw elements.

[0058] The dehydration shafts 22 and 23 are constructed with double threads. The dehydration shafts 22 and 23 have a length L along the first conveying direction 11. E In addition, the dehydration shafts 22 and 23 have an outer diameter D. E and inner diameter d E .

[0059] Length L E With outer diameter D E The ratio is:

[0060] 16≤L E / D E ≤40, especially 18≤L E / D E ≤34, and especially 20≤L E / D E ≤28.

[0061] Outer diameter D E With inner diameter d E The ratio is: 1.22≤D E / d E ≤1.8, especially 1.4≤D E / d E ≤1.66, and especially 1.5≤D E / d E ≤1.6.

[0062] The first feeding device 3 is used to feed the dehydrated rubber 7 into the processing screw mill 4. The first feeding device 3 includes a feeding pipe 43. The feeding pipe 43 connects the dehydration screw mill 2 to the processing screw mill 4. For this purpose, the feeding pipe 43 is connected to the discharge port 19.

[0063] The processing screw compressor 4 is configured as a co-rotating multi-screw processing screw compressor or a co-rotating twin-screw processing screw compressor. The processing screw compressor 4 includes a housing 44, in which two parallel and penetrating housing holes 45 and 46 are formed. The cross-section of the housing holes 45 and 46 is a horizontal figure-eight shape. Two processing element shafts 47 and 48 are arranged in the housing holes 45 and 46, and these two processing element shafts are rotatably driven about associated rotation axes 49 and 50 in the same direction of rotation. For rotational drive, the processing screw compressor 4 includes an electric drive motor 51 and a branch gearbox 53, with a coupling 52 arranged between them. The processing element shafts 47 and 48 are driven to rotate about rotation axes 49 and 50 in the same direction of rotation by means of the drive motor 51 via the branch gearbox 53.

[0064] The housing 44 includes several housing portions 54 to 62, which are arranged sequentially along a second conveying direction 63 and interconnected to form the housing 44. The housing 44 includes a discharge plate 64, which is connected to the last housing portion 62 and closes the housing 44. The discharge plate 64 includes a discharge outlet 65.

[0065] The screw press 4, along the second conveying direction 63, sequentially comprises a first feeding zone 66, a first degassing zone 67, a stacking zone 68, a second feeding zone 69, a melting zone 70, a second degassing zone 71, and a discharge zone 72.

[0066] In the first feeding zone 66, the housing 44 has a first inlet 73. The first inlet 73 is used to feed in the dehydrated rubber 7. For this purpose, the feed pipe 43 leads to the first inlet 73. In the first feeding zone 66, the fed dehydrated rubber 7 is conveyed along the second conveying direction 63 to the first degassing zone 67. For this purpose, the processing element shafts 47, 48 have conveying elements 74, 74' or screw elements in the first feeding zone 66.

[0067] The first degassing zone 67 is used to reduce the water remaining in the dehydrated rubber 7. For this purpose, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include kneading elements 75, 75' in the first degassing zone 67. The kneading elements 75, 75' specifically include kneading blocks having integrally connected kneading discs and / or include a single kneading disc. Through the sufficient kneading of the dehydrated rubber 7, water vapor escapes. To allow water vapor to escape, the housing 44 includes a first degassing port 76 in the first degassing zone 67. The processing device 1 includes a first degassing device 77 connected to the first degassing port 76. The first degassing device 77 is, for example, configured as a vacuum degassing dome.

[0068] Styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the processing screw 4 as styrene-acrylonitrile-melt 78 (SAN melt) in the second feed zone 69. A stacking zone 68, located upstream of the second conveying direction 63, is used to form a melt seal 79 using the SAN melt 78. For this purpose, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include flow-blocking elements 80, 80' in the stacking zone 68. The flow-blocking elements 80, 80' are configured as screw elements whose conveying direction is opposite to the second conveying direction 63. The residence time of the dehydrated rubber 7 in the first degassing zone 67 can also be adjusted using the flow-blocking elements 80, 80'.

[0069] In the second feed zone 69, the housing 44 has a second inlet 81. The second inlet 81 is used to feed the SAN melt 78. Therefore, the first inlet 73, the first degassing zone 67, and the stacking zone 68 are arranged upstream of the second inlet 81 along the second conveying direction 63. Thus, the dehydrated rubber 7 is fed upstream of the SAN melt 78 along the second conveying direction 63. In the second feed zone 69, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include conveying elements 82, 82' or screw elements. The conveying elements 82, 82' are used to convey the dehydrated rubber 7 and the SAN melt 78 to the melting zone 70.

[0070] The second feeding device 5 is used to feed SAN melt 78. The second feeding device 5 includes a melt pump 83 and a feeding pipe 84. The feeding pipe 84 leads to a second inlet 81. The melt pump 83 is used to transport the SAN melt 78 through the feeding pipe 84 to the second inlet 81. For example, the SAN melt 78 is supplied by production equipment.

[0071] In the melting zone 70, the dehydrated rubber 7 is plasticized and homogenized in the SAN melt 78. For this purpose, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include kneading elements 85, 85' in the melting zone 70. The kneading elements 85, 85' specifically include kneading blocks having integrally connected kneading discs and / or include a single kneading disc.

[0072] In the melting zone 70, a molten mixture 86 is generated from the dehydrated rubber 7 and SAN melt 78, and this mixture is conveyed to the second degassing zone 71. The second degassing zone 71 is arranged downstream of the second inlet 81 along the second conveying direction 63. In the second degassing zone 71, the molten mixture 86 is kneaded and homogenized. As a result, water vapor and / or other volatile components escape from the molten mixture 86. For kneading and homogenization, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include kneading elements 87, 87' in the second degassing zone 71. The kneading elements 87, 87' specifically include kneading blocks having integrally connected kneading discs and / or include a single kneading disc. For venting water vapor and / or other volatile components, the housing 44 includes a second degassing port 88 in the second degassing zone 71. The second degassing port 88 is constructed on the side of the housing 44 or housing portion 61.

[0073] The processing equipment 1 includes a second degassing unit 89 for discharging water vapor and / or other volatile components from a second degassing zone 71. The second degassing unit 89 includes a twin-screw degassing compressor 90. The degassing compressor 90 includes a housing 91 with two parallel and penetrating housing holes 92 and 93. The housing holes 92 and 93 have a horizontal figure-eight cross-section. Two screw shafts 94 and 95 are arranged in the housing holes 92 and 93, and these two screw shafts are rotatable about associated rotation axes 96 and 97 in the same direction of rotation. For rotational drive, the degassing compressor 90 includes an electric drive motor 98 and a branch gearbox 100, with a coupling 99 arranged between them. The screw shafts 94 and 95 are rotatable about rotation axes 96 and 97 in the same direction of rotation via the drive motor 98 and the branch gearbox 100. The housing 91 includes a discharge port 101 for discharging water vapor and / or other volatile components from the degassing compressor 90. The second degassing device 89 may include a suction unit connected to the discharge port 101 to suction water vapor and / or volatile components.

[0074] The housing 91 of the degassing screw compressor 90 is connected to the housing 44 of the processing screw compressor 4. The screw shafts 94 and 95 extend here into the second degassing port 88.

[0075] In discharge zone 72, the homogenized and degassed mixture 86 is discharged from the processing screw compressor 4. For this purpose, the processing element shafts 47, 48 include conveying elements 102, 102' or screw elements in discharge zone 72. The conveying elements 102, 102' convey the mixture 86 through discharge port 65.

[0076] The processing element shafts 47 and 48 have a length L along the second conveying direction 63. A In addition, the processing element shafts 47 and 48 have an outer diameter D. A and inner diameter d A .

[0077] Length L A With outer diameter D A The ratio is:

[0078] 20≤L A / D A ≤60, especially 28≤L A / D A ≤52, and especially 36≤L A / D A ≤40.

[0079] In addition, outer diameter D A With inner diameter d A The ratio is: 1.22≤D A / d A ≤1.8, especially 1.4≤DA / d A ≤1.66, and especially 1.5≤D A / d A ≤1.6.

[0080] Processing equipment 1 may include melt pumps and / or filtration devices and / or granulation devices (not shown in detail), arranged after the processing screw mill 4. The granulation device is used to produce granules from the discharged mixture 86.

[0081] The working principle of processing device 1 is as follows:

[0082] The wet rubber 6 is fed into the dewatering screw mill 2 through the feed hopper 21 and the feed inlet 20. The wet rubber 6 has a first moisture content W1. The first moisture content W1 is at least 20% by weight, particularly at least 30% by weight, particularly at least 40% by weight, and particularly at least 50% by weight.

[0083] The wet rubber 6 is, for example, natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber. Preferably, the wet rubber 6 is synthetic rubber, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).

[0084] In the feeding zone 29, wet rubber 6 is conveyed to the first dewatering zone 30. In the first dewatering zone 30, the wet rubber 6 is kneaded by the kneading elements 34 and 34', thereby squeezing water out of the wet rubber 6. The flow-blocking elements 35 and 35' adjust the residence time of the wet rubber 6 in the area of ​​the kneading elements 34 and 34', and prevent water from flowing downstream along the first conveying direction 11. The squeezed water flows out of the housing 8 of the dewatering screw mill 2 through the first dewatering port 36 and the first filter element 37. The first filter element 37 blocks the wet rubber 6.

[0085] The wet rubber 6 is pressed into the second dehydration zone 31 along the first conveying direction 11 for further dehydration. The wet rubber 6 is kneaded and water is further squeezed out using kneading elements 38 and 38'. The flow-blocking elements 39 and 39' adjust the residence time of the wet rubber 6 in the area of ​​the kneading elements 38 and 38' and prevent the squeezed-out water from flowing downstream along the first conveying direction 11. The squeezed-out water flows through the second dehydration port 40 and the second filter element 41 and is discharged from the housing 8. The second filter element 41 blocks the wet rubber 6.

[0086] Therefore, the wet rubber 6 is gradually dehydrated in dehydration zones 30 and 31, resulting in the presence of dehydrated rubber 7 in discharge zone 32. The dehydrated rubber 7 has a second moisture content W2 that is less than the first moisture content W1. The second moisture content W2 is at most 20% by weight, particularly at most 16% by weight, particularly at most 12% by weight, particularly at most 11% by weight, particularly at most 10% by weight, particularly at most 8% by weight, particularly at most 6% by weight, particularly at most 5% by weight, and particularly at most 2% by weight.

[0087] For the relative water content change ΔW = (W1 - W2) / W1, in particular: 50% ≤ ΔW ≤ 99%, especially 60% ≤ ΔW ≤ 95%, and especially 70% ≤ ΔW ≤ 90%.

[0088] With the rotational speed n of the dehydration shafts 22 and 23 E Run the dewatering screw compressor 2. Rotation speed n E for:

[0089] 40rpm≤n E ≤600rpm, especially 50rpm≤n E ≤400rpm, and especially 60rpm≤n E ≤300rpm.

[0090] The dehydrated rubber 7 is discharged through outlet 19 and fed into the first feeding device 3. The dehydrated rubber 7 flows from outlet 19 to the first feeding inlet 73 of the processing screw 4 via feeding pipe 43. The dehydrated rubber 7 is then fed into the first feed zone 66 of the processing screw 4 through the first feeding inlet 73. When fed into the processing screw 4, the dehydrated rubber 7 has a temperature T. K Temperature T K for:

[0091] 60℃≤T K ≤140℃, especially 70℃≤T K ≤130℃, especially 85℃≤T K ≤120℃, and especially 100℃≤T K ≤110℃.

[0092] The dehydrated rubber 7 is conveyed along the second conveying direction 63 to the first degassing zone 67 by means of conveying elements 74 and 74'. The dehydrated rubber 7 is kneaded by means of kneading elements 75 and 75', thereby causing the remaining water to escape as water vapor and further reducing the second moisture content W2. The escaped water vapor is discharged from the housing 44 through the first degassing port 76 by means of the first degassing device 77.

[0093] SAN melt 78 is fed into the second feed zone 69 of the processing screw 4 through the second feed inlet 81 using a melt pump 83 and a feed pipe 84. At least one additive may be mixed into the SAN melt before it is fed into the processing screw 4. Therefore, viewed along the second conveying direction 63, the dehydrated rubber 7 is fed into the processing screw 4 upstream of the SAN melt 78. A small portion of the SAN melt 78 is conveyed upstream of the second conveying direction 63 to the stacking zone 68 using flow-blocking elements 80, 80', where the SAN melt 78 forms a melt seal 79 in the housing holes 45, 46. On the one hand, the residence time of the dehydrated rubber 7 in the first degassing zone 67 can be adjusted using the flow-blocking elements 80, 80'. On the other hand, observing along the second conveying direction 63, the additional water vapor generated in the second feed zone 69 and melting zone 70 due to the contact between the dehydrated rubber 7 and the hot SAN melt 78 cannot flow upstream because the melt seal 79 formed in the stacking zone 68 constitutes a barrier to water vapor. Due to the hot SAN melt 78, remaining water can still escape from the dehydrated rubber 7. Therefore, the water vapor generated downstream of the stacking zone 68 cannot flow into the first degassing zone 67 and, where appropriate, cannot further flow into the first feed zone 66, thus affecting the feeding of the dehydrated rubber 7.

[0094] Temperature T of hot SAN melt 78 S Temperature T higher than that of the dehydrated rubber 7 K On the one hand, this causes the remaining water to evaporate from the dehydrated rubber 7. On the other hand, the temperature T of the SAN melt 78 is reduced by the released heat of evaporation. S This, and thus lowers the temperature of the molten mixture 86, allowing the processing to proceed in a gentler manner. (Regarding temperature T) S Compared to a lower temperature T K On the one hand, ensure the evaporation of the remaining water; on the other hand, avoid [problems caused by temperature T]. S With temperature T K The adverse effects caused by excessive temperature differences between them.

[0095] In the second feed zone 69, the dehydrated rubber 7 and SAN melt 78 are conveyed to the melting zone 70. In the melting zone 70, the dehydrated rubber 7 is plasticized and mixed with the SAN melt 78 by means of kneading elements 85, 85'.

[0096] In the second degassing zone 71, the mixture 86, which is in molten form generated in the melting zone 70, is homogenized and degassed. Through kneading by means of kneading elements 87, 87', more water vapor and / or other volatile components escape from the mixture 68. The water vapor and / or other volatile components are discharged from the housing 44 through the second degassing port 88 by means of the second degassing device 89. The screw shafts 94, 95 rotate about the rotation axes 96, 97 in such a way that the mixture 86 cannot escape from the housing holes 45, 46. Instead, the water vapor and / or other volatile components are drawn out through the second degassing port 88, the housing holes 92, 93, and the discharge port 101 by means of a suction unit.

[0097] In discharge zone 72, the homogenized and degassed mixture 86 is discharged from the processing screw compressor 4 through discharge port 65. The discharged mixture 86 can then be granulated to produce pellets using a granulation device.

[0098] The rotational speed n of the processing component shafts 47 and 48 A Operating the screw compressor 4. Rotation speed n A for:

[0099] 40rpm≤n A ≤1200rpm, especially 100rpm≤n A ≤1000rpm, and especially 200rpm≤n A ≤800rpm.

[0100] The following reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In contrast to the first embodiment, the processing apparatus 1 includes a first processing screw 4 and a second processing screw 4' arranged parallel to each other. The dehydrated rubber 7 is fed to the processing screws 4 and 4' by means of a dehydrating screw 2 in the manner already described.

[0101] In contrast to the first embodiment, the first feeding device additionally includes a buffer container 103, a first metering device 104, a second metering device 105, a feeding hopper 109, and a feeding screw 106. A feeding pipe 43 connects the outlet 19 of the dewatering screw 2 to the buffer container 103. The dewatered rubber 7 is temporarily stored and buffered in the buffer container 103.

[0102] Starting with buffer container 103, the first feeding possibility is described with reference to the first processing screw 4. Buffer container 103 constitutes a first outlet 107. First outlet 107 leads to a first metering device 104. The first metering device 104 is configured, for example, to measure by weight or volume. The first metering device 104 measures the dehydrated rubber 7 and feeds it into the feed hopper 109, thus feeding the dehydrated rubber 7 into the first feed inlet 73 of the processing screw 4. For this purpose, the feed hopper 109 is connected to the first processing screw 4 and leads to the first feed inlet 73.

[0103] Starting with buffer container 103, the second feeding possibility is described with reference to the second processing screw 4'. Buffer container 103 constitutes a second outlet 108. Second outlet 108 leads to a second meter 105. The second meter 105 is configured for weight measurement or volume measurement. The second meter 105 measures the dehydrated rubber 7 and feeds it into the feeding screw 106. The feeding screw 106 can be configured as single-shaft or dual-shaft. For example, the feeding screw 106 is configured as a dual-shaft side-feeding screw. The dual-shaft feeding screw 106 is specifically configured to rotate in the same direction.

[0104] The feed screw compressor 106 includes a housing 110, in which two parallel and penetrating housing holes 111 and 112 are formed. The cross-section of the housing holes 111 and 112 is a horizontal figure-eight shape. Two screw shafts 113 and 114 are arranged in the housing holes 111 and 112, and these two screw shafts are driven to rotate in the same direction about corresponding rotation axes 115 and 116. For rotational drive, the feed screw compressor 106 includes an electric drive motor 117 and a branch gearbox 119, with a coupling 118 arranged between them. The screw shafts 113 and 114 are driven to rotate in the same direction about rotation axes 115 and 116 by means of the drive motor 117 via the branch gearbox 119.

[0105] Housing 110 and housing 44 are connected, in particular, to the first housing portion 54 of the second processing screw 4'. The first feed inlet 73 of the second processing screw 4' is constructed on the side. Screw shafts 113, 114 extend into the first feed inlet 73. The second metering device 105 measures the dehydrated rubber 7 and feeds it into the feed inlet 120 of the feeding screw 106. The feeding screw 106, by means of the screw shafts 113, 114, conveys the dehydrated rubber 7 through the first feed inlet 73 to the housing holes 45, 46 of the second processing screw 4'.

[0106] Contrary to the first embodiment, styrene-acrylonitrile is fed into the processing screws 4 and 4' as styrene-acrylonitrile bulk 121 (SAN bulk). SAN bulk 121 is, for example, SAN powder and / or SAN granules. At least one additive may be mixed into the SAN bulk before feeding it into the first processing screw 4 and / or the second processing screw 4'.

[0107] The second feeding device 5 has a metering device 122 and a feeding hopper 123 for the corresponding processing screws 4, 4'. The corresponding metering device 122 is configured for weight or volume measurement. The corresponding metering device 122 leads to the corresponding feeding hopper 123. The corresponding feeding hopper 123 is connected to the corresponding second feeding inlet 81. The SAN bulk material 121 is fed into the corresponding second feeding inlet 81 of the processing screws 4, 4' by means of the corresponding metering device 122. For feeding the SAN bulk material 121, a feeding screw can be used as an alternative or additional solution to the corresponding metering device 122. The corresponding feeding screw can be configured as a twin-shaft side-feeding screw. The corresponding twin-shaft feeding screw can be specifically configured to rotate in the same direction. The SAN bulk material 121 and the dehydrated rubber 7 are co-plasticized or plasticized and mixed together in the corresponding melting zone 70. The temperature T of the dehydrated rubber 7 is... K It can be used for melting with high efficiency and energy saving. The SAN bulk material 121 and / or the SAN melt 78 generated therefrom constitute a seal in the stacking area 68, especially the melt seal 79.

[0108] For further details on the structure and working principle of the processing device 1, please refer to the foregoing embodiments.

[0109] Generally speaking:

[0110] If the processing equipment has several processing screws, these processing screws may be constructed in the same and / or different ways and / or operate in the same and / or different ways. These processing screws can be used to increase the production capacity of dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile mixtures and / or to produce different mixtures of dehydrated rubber and styrene-acrylonitrile.

Claims

1. A processing apparatus for processing styrene-acrylonitrile, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') is used to process dehydrated rubber (7) and styrene-acrylonitrile (78, 121). Its features include: a dehydration screw compressor (2) for dehydrating wet rubber (6) and for providing the dehydrated rubber (7); and Feeding device (3) is used to feed the dehydrated rubber (7) into the at least one processing screw (4, 4').

2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dewatering screw compressor (2) includes at least one dewatering shaft (22, 23), the at least one dewatering shaft having a length L E and outer diameter D E Where: 16≤L E / D E ≤40.

3. The processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The dewatering screw compressor (2) includes at least one dewatering shaft (22, 23), the at least one dewatering shaft having an outer diameter D. E and inner diameter d E Where: 1.22≤D E / d E ≤1.

8.

4. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dewatering screw compressor (2) includes at least one dewatering zone (30, 31).

5. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device (3) includes at least one feeding pipe (43) and / or at least one feeding hopper (109) and / or a buffer container (103) and / or at least one meter (104, 105) and / or at least one feeding screw (106).

6. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') includes at least two processing element shafts (47, 48), the at least two processing element shafts having a length L A and outer diameter D A Where: 20≤L A / D A ≤60.

7. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') includes at least two processing element shafts (47, 48), the at least two processing element shafts having an outer diameter D. A and inner diameter d A Where: 1.22≤D A / d A ≤1.

8.

8. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') includes a first inlet (73) for feeding the dehydrated rubber (7) and a second inlet (81) for feeding the styrene-acrylonitrile (78, 121), wherein the first inlet (73) is arranged upstream of the second inlet (81) along the conveying direction (63).

9. The processing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, In order to form a sealing section (79), the at least one processing screw (4, 4') includes at least one corresponding stacking area (68) arranged between the first feed inlet (73) and the second feed inlet (81).

10. The processing apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, Each of the at least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') includes at least one first degassing zone (67) arranged between the first feed inlet (73) and the second feed inlet (81).

11. The processing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the at least one processing screw compressor (4, 4') includes at least one second degassing zone (71), which is arranged downstream of the second feed inlet (81) along the conveying direction (63).

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