Dipole antenna and base station

Abstract

The utility model provides a dipole antenna and a base station, and the dipole antenna comprises a radiation area which comprises two radiation units which are arranged in a crossed manner and are tightly coupled; the balun plate is arranged on one side of the radiation area and comprises a feed circuit, the feed circuit is connected with the two radiation units through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure, and the Y-shaped coupling feed structure is of an asymmetric structure; the radiation unit comprises a slotted branch knot, and the slotted branch knot is provided with a plurality of notches so as to prolong a current path on the surface of the radiation unit. According to the scheme, the dipole antenna can have a broadband, so that the communication requirements of 4G and 5G can be met, and the universality is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a dipole antenna and a base station. Background Technology

[0002] Current 4G communication can no longer meet people's daily communication needs, hence the emergence of 5G communication. Antennas, as a crucial component of wireless communication, inevitably face new challenges. Half-wave dipole antennas are a commonly used base station antenna, offering advantages such as high isolation, wide bandwidth, light weight, and simple manufacturing. However, 5G dipole antennas operate on a narrow frequency band, with a relative bandwidth of approximately 14%, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the communication requirements of both 4G and 5G. Therefore, a wideband dual-polarized dipole antenna that can accommodate both 4G and 5G communication is lacking. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dipole antenna and base station that has a wide bandwidth, can meet the needs of both 4G and 5G communication, has stronger versatility, and a wider range of applications.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] This utility model provides a dipole antenna, comprising:

[0006] The radiation zone includes two radiation units arranged at intersections, and the two radiation units are tightly coupled.

[0007] A balun plate is disposed on one side of the radiation zone and includes a feed line. The feed line is connected to two radiation units through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure, and the Y-shaped coupling feed structure is an asymmetric structure.

[0008] The radiating unit includes slotted branches, and the slotted branches are provided with a number of slots to extend the current path on the surface of the radiating unit.

[0009] This scheme improves the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator by setting two intersecting, tightly coupled radiating units, allowing one radiating unit to induce a surface current under the influence of the other. Simultaneously, a Y-shaped coupled feeding structure connects the two radiating units to the feed line. This asymmetrical Y-shaped structure further expands the impedance bandwidth and balances the radiation pattern, facilitating the design of ultra-wideband networks. Furthermore, slotted branches on the surface of the radiating units, with several slots, delay the surface current path, further extending the high-frequency impedance bandwidth. This allows the oscillator to operate in the 2.3-3.8 GHz range with a relative bandwidth of approximately 49.2%, suitable for broadband communication. Therefore, this oscillator can meet the needs of both 4G and 5G communication, making it more versatile and applicable to a wider range of applications.

[0010] In some embodiments, the radiation zone further includes a dielectric plate, and each radiation unit includes two radiation plates. The two radiation plates of each radiation unit are symmetrically arranged about the dielectric plate, so that the four radiation plates of the two radiation units surround the dielectric plate.

[0011] The two radiating plates of one radiating unit are of a first polarity, and the two radiating plates of another radiating unit are of a second polarity, such that the polarities of adjacent radiating plates are opposite and tightly coupled.

[0012] By setting the radiation unit to include two radiation plates, the radiation effect of the oscillator can be improved. By setting the two radiation plates of one radiation unit to the first polarity and the two radiation plates of the other radiation unit to the second polarity, the polarities of the adjacent radiation plates surrounding the dielectric plate are opposite. Each radiation plate can induce a surface current in the adjacent radiation plates, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator.

[0013] In some embodiments, there are two balun plates, which are arranged crosswise. One balun plate is connected to two adjacent radiating plates via a Y-shaped coupling feed structure, and the other balun plate is connected to two other radiating plates via the same Y-shaped coupling feed structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the coupled power supply structure includes a first end and two second ends. The first end is connected to the power supply line, one second end is directly connected to the corresponding radiating plate, and the other second end is connected to the corresponding radiating plate through a via, making the coupled power supply structure asymmetrical.

[0015] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0016] A guide plate, disposed on the opposite side of the radiation zone relative to the balun plate, and connected to the radiation unit via a support column, is used to generate an induced current on the lower surface of the radiation field in the radiation zone.

[0017] The guide plate can be regarded as the parasitic radiation unit of the oscillator. That is, the radiation field of the oscillator can induce a current on the surface of the guide plate. This current can be superimposed with the current on the radiation unit, thereby changing the field distribution and radiation impedance. By selecting the appropriate position and size of the guide plate, the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator can be extended.

[0018] In some embodiments, the radiating plate has a slot in the center, the slotted branch is disposed in the slot, and the end of the slotted branch near the medium plate is connected to the inner wall of the slot.

[0019] In some embodiments, the slots are rectangular, and the dimensions of each slot may be the same or different.

[0020] In some embodiments, the power supply line is arranged in a curved configuration on the balun plate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the side of the balun plate is provided with a metal strip perpendicular to the radiation zone. The metal strip is formed by copper plating on both the front and back sides of the balun plate, and the metal strips on the front and back sides are connected by vias.

[0022] By setting metal strips with vertical radiation zones on the side of the balun plate, the current path at the end of the radiation plate can be delayed, the low-frequency bandwidth can be extended, and as part of the radiation structure, the structure can reduce the aperture of the oscillator, realize the miniaturization of the oscillator, and reduce the mutual coupling between array elements.

[0023] In some embodiments, the metal strip is arranged in a curved configuration on the balun plate.

[0024] By setting the metal strips in a curved shape, the current path on the radiating plate can be further extended, thus expanding the low-frequency bandwidth.

[0025] In some embodiments, an inductance is loaded onto the metal strip; and / or,

[0026] A capacitor is loaded onto the metal strip.

[0027] In some embodiments, the edge of the radiating plate is provided with at least one L-shaped horizontal branch.

[0028] By setting L-shaped horizontal branches at the edge of the radiating plate, the current path on the radiating plate can be extended, thus expanding the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator.

[0029] Secondly, this application provides a base station including the aforementioned dipole antenna.

[0030] The dipole antenna and base station provided by this utility model have at least the following technical effects:

[0031] 1) By setting two intersecting radiating elements with tight coupling, a surface current can be induced in one radiating element under the influence of the other, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator. Simultaneously, the feed line is connected to the two radiating elements via a Y-shaped coupled feed structure. This asymmetrical Y-shaped structure further expands the impedance bandwidth and achieves pattern balance, facilitating the design of ultra-wideband networks. Furthermore, the slotted branches on the surface of the radiating elements, with several slots, delay the surface current path, further expanding the high-frequency impedance bandwidth. This allows the oscillator to operate in the 2.3-3.8 GHz range with a relative bandwidth of approximately 49.2%, suitable for broadband communication. Therefore, this oscillator can meet the needs of both 4G and 5G communication, making it more versatile and applicable to a wider range of applications.

[0032] 2) By setting the radiation unit to include two radiation plates, the radiation effect of the oscillator can be improved. By setting the two radiation plates of one radiation unit to the first polarity and the two radiation plates of the other radiation unit to the second polarity, the polarities of the adjacent radiation plates surrounding the dielectric plate are opposite. Each radiation plate can induce a surface current in the adjacent radiation plates, thereby improving the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator.

[0033] 3) By setting a guide plate, the radiation field of the oscillator can induce a current on the surface of the guide plate. This current can be superimposed with the current on the radiation unit, thereby changing the field distribution and radiation impedance. By selecting a guide plate with appropriate position and size, the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator can be extended.

[0034] 4) By setting metal strips with vertical radiation zones on the side of the balun plate, the current path at the end of the radiation plate can be delayed, the low-frequency bandwidth can be extended, and as part of the radiation structure, the structure can reduce the aperture of the oscillator, realize the miniaturization of the oscillator, and reduce the mutual coupling between array elements. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The preferred embodiments will now be described in a clear and easy-to-understand manner, with reference to the accompanying drawings, to further explain the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages, and implementation methods of this solution.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4This is a top view structural diagram of the radiation zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a bottom-view schematic diagram of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a bottom-view schematic diagram of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a bottom-view schematic diagram of a dipole antenna according to an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0044] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to this invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of the components with the same structure or function is schematically depicted, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one."

[0045] Current 4G communication can no longer meet people's daily communication needs, hence the emergence of 5G communication. Antennas, as a crucial component of wireless communication, inevitably face new challenges. Half-wave dipole antennas are a commonly used base station antenna, offering advantages such as high isolation, wide bandwidth, light weight, and simple manufacturing. However, 5G dipole antennas have a narrow frequency band, with a relative bandwidth of approximately 14%, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the communication requirements of 4G and 5G. Increasing the impedance bandwidth of the dipole antenna can address the needs of both 4G and 5G communication. This application extends the impedance bandwidth of the dipole antenna through several methods, including setting parasitic radiating elements, setting cross-bipolar dipoles, and extending the surface current of the radiating plate, enabling it to accommodate both 4G and 5G communication. The following is a detailed description of this solution with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0046] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 and Figure 2This invention provides a dipole antenna, including a radiating region 10 and a balun plate 20. The radiating element of the radiating region 10 adopts a PCB structure, and the balun plate 20 also adopts a PCB structure. This PCB-to-PCB combination structure is lightweight, and existing assembly processes are mature and easy to manufacture. Furthermore, the radiating element is etched using PCB, allowing for rapid adjustment according to frequency band and radiation pattern, and offers a short development cycle, good design flexibility, and good debuggability. Solder joints can be placed in the middle and at the edges of the radiating element, resulting in higher structural strength and a longer service life for the antenna.

[0047] Radiation zone 10 includes two radiating units arranged in a cross configuration and tightly coupled. Balun plate 20 is disposed on one side of radiation zone 10 and includes a feed line 7. The feed line 7 is bent on balun plate 20 and is connected to the two radiating units through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure 5. The Y-shaped coupling feed structure 5 is an asymmetrical structure. The radiating unit includes a slotted branch 4, and the slotted branch 4 is provided with several slots 9 to extend the current path on the surface of the radiating unit.

[0048] This scheme, by setting two intersecting and tightly coupled radiating units, enables one radiating unit to induce a surface current under the influence of the other, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator. Simultaneously, a feed line 7 is connected to the two radiating units via a Y-shaped coupled feed structure 5. This asymmetrical Y-shaped structure further expands the impedance bandwidth and achieves a balanced radiation pattern, facilitating the design of ultra-wideband networks. Furthermore, slotted branches 4 on the surface of the radiating units, with several slots 9, delay the surface current path, further expanding the high-frequency impedance bandwidth. This allows the oscillator to operate in the 2.3-3.8 GHz range with a relative bandwidth of approximately 49.2%, suitable for broadband communication. Therefore, this oscillator can meet the needs of both 4G and 5G communication, making it more versatile and applicable to a wider range of applications.

[0049] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the radiation region 10 also includes a dielectric plate 11. Each radiation unit includes two radiation plates 3, which are symmetrically arranged about the dielectric plate 11, so that the four radiation plates 3 of the two radiation units surround the dielectric plate 11. The two radiation plates 3 of one radiation unit have a first polarity, and the two radiation plates 3 of the other radiation unit have a second polarity, so that the polarities of adjacent radiation plates 3 are opposite and tightly coupled.

[0050] Specifically, the radiation region 10 of this application includes four radiating plates 3, which can form a square, and the four radiating plates 3 are insulated from each other. In other embodiments, the number of radiating plates 3 can be adjusted as needed. The lower left and upper right radiating plates 3 are of one polarization, and the upper left and lower right radiating plates 3 are of another polarization, with the two polarized radiating plates 3 being tightly coupled. One polarization of the radiating plates 3 induces surface currents on the radiating plates 3 orthogonal to it, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator.

[0051] This application improves the radiation effect of the oscillator by setting the radiation unit to include two radiation plates 3. By setting the two radiation plates 3 of one radiation unit to a first polarity and the two radiation plates 3 of the other radiation unit to a second polarity, the adjacent radiation plates 3 surrounding the dielectric plate 11 have opposite polarities. Each radiation plate 3 can induce a surface current in adjacent radiation plates 3, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator and broadening its applicability. Simultaneously, the radiation plates 3 adopt a tightly coupled structure, and the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator can be further optimized by adjusting the spacing of the radiation plates 3 with different polarizations.

[0052] In one embodiment, based on the aforementioned embodiment, there are two balun plates 20, which are arranged crosswise. One balun plate 20 is connected to two adjacent radiating plates 3 through a Y-shaped coupling feeding structure 5, and the other balun plate 20 is connected to two other radiating plates 3 through a Y-shaped coupling feeding structure 5.

[0053] In this application, the two balun plates 20 correspond to the two diagonals of the square structure formed by the four radiating plates 3, and the lengths of the balun plates 20 and the diagonals of the square structure formed by the four radiating plates 3 are equal. When feeding the four radiating plates 3, the feed line 7 of one balun plate 20 is connected to two adjacent radiating plates 3 of the four radiating plates 3 through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure 5, and the feed line 7 of the other balun plate 20 is connected to the other two radiating plates 3 of the four radiating plates 3 through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure 5.

[0054] Preferably, the Y-shaped coupled feeding structure 5 includes a first end and two second ends. The first end is connected to the feeding line 7. Since one coupled feeding structure 5 corresponds to two radiating plates 3, one second end is directly connected to the corresponding radiating plate 3, and the other second end is connected to the corresponding radiating plate 3 through a via, the coupled feeding structure 5 is asymmetrical. This asymmetry can improve the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator and achieve the balance of the oscillator radiation pattern.

[0055] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the dipole antenna provided by this utility model also includes: a guide plate 1, which is square or rectangular and corresponds to the square structure formed by the four radiating plates 3 of the radiation region 10. The guide plate 1 is set on the other side of the radiation region 10 relative to the balun plate 20 and is connected to the radiation unit through the support column 2, and is used to generate an induced current on the lower surface of the radiation field of the radiation region 10.

[0056] The guide plate 1 can be considered as a parasitic radiation unit of the oscillator. That is, the radiation field of the oscillator can induce a current on the surface of the guide plate 1. This current can be superimposed with the current on the radiation unit, thereby changing the field distribution and radiation impedance. By selecting a guide plate 1 with an appropriate position and size, the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator can be extended. This application does not limit the specific position and size of the guide plate 1, and it can be selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

[0057] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, a slot 12 is provided in the center of the radiation plate 3, and a slotted branch 4 is provided in the slot 12, with one end of the slotted branch 4 near the medium plate 11 connected to the inner wall of the slot 12.

[0058] Preferably, the slots 9 are rectangular, and the dimensions of each slot 9 may be the same or different. In this embodiment, two slots 9 are provided, and the two slots 9 on the same slotted branch 4 have different dimensions. By adjusting the size of the slotted branch 4 and the rectangular slots 9 through the double rectangular slotted branch 4 loaded on the inner side of the radiating plate 3, the resonant frequency and radiation pattern of the oscillator can be flexibly adjusted. In other embodiments, the shape, position, and size of the slotted branch 4, as well as the shape and size of the slots 9, can be adjusted according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0059] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, a metal strip 6 perpendicular to the radiation region 10 is provided on the side of the balun plate 20. The metal strip 6 can be provided on one side of the balun plate 20 or on both sides. The metal strip 6 can be considered a parasitic structure of the radiation plate 3. By providing a metal strip 6 perpendicular to the radiation region 10 on the side of the balun plate 20, the current path at the end of the radiation plate 3 can be delayed, extending the low-frequency bandwidth. Moreover, as part of the radiation structure, this structure can reduce the aperture of the oscillator, achieving miniaturization of the oscillator and reducing mutual coupling between array elements.

[0060] The metal strip 6 is formed by copper plating on both sides of the balun plate 20, and the metal strip 6 on both sides is connected by vias, as shown in the example vias for the metal strip 6. Figure 5 As shown.

[0061] Meanwhile, a single-sided ground 8 is set on the balun plate 20, and each balun plate 20 has a ground on only one side, which facilitates the layout of the broadband power supply network, brings more flexibility to the layout of the broadband power supply network, and still achieves the effect of suppressing parasitic current.

[0062] Preferably, the metal strip 6 is bent on the balun plate 20.

[0063] By setting the metal strip 6 to a curved shape, the current path on the radiating plate 3 can be further extended, thus expanding the low-frequency bandwidth.

[0064] Further preferred, such as Figure 6 As shown, an inductor is loaded on the metal strip 6; as Figure 7 As shown, a capacitor is loaded onto the metal strip 6. By loading an inductor and / or capacitor onto the metal strip 6, the performance of the metal strip 6 can be improved.

[0065] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the edge of the radiation plate 3 is provided with at least one L-shaped horizontal branch 13. The number of horizontal branches 13 on each radiation plate 3 is not limited. For example, in this embodiment, each radiation plate 3 is provided with two horizontal branches 13, which are respectively provided on two adjacent sides of the radiation plate 3 and are arranged symmetrically.

[0066] By setting L-shaped horizontal branches 13 at the edge of the radiating plate 3, the current path on the radiating plate 3 can be extended, thus expanding the impedance bandwidth of the oscillator.

[0067] In one embodiment, this application provides a base station including the dipole antenna of the foregoing embodiments.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A dipole antenna, characterized in that, include: The radiation zone includes two radiation units arranged at intersections, and the two radiation units are tightly coupled. A balun plate is disposed on one side of the radiation zone and includes a feed line. The feed line is connected to two radiation units through a Y-shaped coupling feed structure, and the Y-shaped coupling feed structure is an asymmetric structure. The radiating unit includes slotted branches, and the slotted branches are provided with a number of slots to extend the current path on the surface of the radiating unit.

2. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation zone also includes a dielectric plate. Each radiation unit includes two radiation plates. The two radiation plates of each radiation unit are symmetrically arranged about the dielectric plate, so that the four radiation plates of the two radiation units surround the dielectric plate. The two radiating plates of one radiating unit are of a first polarity, and the two radiating plates of another radiating unit are of a second polarity, such that the polarities of adjacent radiating plates are opposite and tightly coupled.

3. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of balun plates is two, and the two balun plates are arranged crosswise. One balun plate is connected to two adjacent radiating plates through a Y-shaped coupling feeding structure, and the other balun plate is connected to two other radiating plates through a Y-shaped coupling feeding structure.

4. The dipole antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coupled power supply structure includes a first end and two second ends. The first end is connected to the power supply line, one second end is directly connected to the corresponding radiating plate, and the other second end is connected to the corresponding radiating plate through a via, making the coupled power supply structure asymmetrical.

5. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A guide plate, disposed on the opposite side of the radiation zone relative to the balun plate, and connected to the radiation unit via a support column, is used to generate an induced current on the lower surface of the radiation field in the radiation zone.

6. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, A slot is provided in the center of the radiant plate, and the slotted branch is arranged in the slot, with the end of the slotted branch near the medium plate connected to the inner wall of the slot.

7. The dipole antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The slots are rectangular, and the dimensions of each slot may be the same or different.

8. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply line is arranged in a curved manner on the balun plate.

9. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The balun plate has metal strips perpendicular to the radiation zone on its side. The metal strips are formed by copper plating on both the front and back sides of the balun plate, and the metal strips on the front and back sides are connected by vias.

10. The dipole antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The metal strip is bent on the balun plate.

11. The dipole antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, An inductance is loaded onto the metal strip; and / or, A capacitor is loaded onto the metal strip.

12. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The edge of the radiating plate is provided with at least one L-shaped horizontal branch.

13. A base station, characterized in that, Includes the dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1-12.

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