Air guide structure, engine and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gas guiding structure, an engine and a vehicle, the gas guiding structure is suitable for a hydrogen engine, the gas guiding structure comprises a connecting part, a gas guiding part and a gas guiding part, the connecting part is used for being communicated with a hydrogen sprayer; one end of the spiral gas guide part communicates with the connecting part, and the other end of the spiral gas guide part communicates with a hydrogen inlet of a combustion chamber on the hydrogen engine so as to supply hydrogen to the combustion chamber. By utilizing the characteristics of the spiral gas guide part, the mixing uniformity is improved, the combustion stability is improved, and the tumble ratio and turbulent energy at the final stage of compression are improved, so that the heating time of hydrogen in the combustion chamber is shortened, and the risk of preignition of the hydrogen is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile, especially a kind of gas guide structure, engine and vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen engine as zero-carbon power technology, because hydrogen combustion speed is fast, flammable range is wide and other advantages, but in-cylinder direct injection technology still has significant bottleneck.Hydrogen density is extremely low (0.0899kg / m 3 ), when high-pressure direct injection, it is easy to form local over-concentration area (near end of oil atomizer) and thin area (far end) due to high diffusivity, leading to significant difference in mixture concentration, causing combustion fluctuation to intensify and thermal efficiency to decrease.At the same time, hydrogen jet penetration distance is too long to easily hit cylinder wall, causing unburned fuel to escape and lubricating oil to dilute.In addition, uneven mixing leads to an increase in local high-temperature area, and NOx emission far exceeds the regulatory limit value (>2000ppm). SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model aims at at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art is solved.For this purpose, the utility model provides a gas guide structure, which improves mixing uniformity.

[0004] According to the gas guide structure of the utility model embodiment, the gas guide structure is suitable for hydrogen engine, and the gas guide structure comprises: a connecting portion for communicating with a hydrogen injector; and a spiral gas guide portion, one end of the spiral gas guide portion is communicated with the connecting portion, and the other end of the spiral gas guide portion is used for communicating with a hydrogen inlet of a combustion chamber of the hydrogen engine to supply hydrogen to the combustion chamber.

[0005] According to the gas guide structure of the utility model embodiment, the characteristics of the spiral gas guide portion are utilized to improve mixing uniformity, improve combustion stability, increase tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy at the end of compression, shorten the time for hydrogen to be heated in the combustion chamber, and thus improve the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0006] According to the gas guide structure of one embodiment of the utility model, the connecting portion is provided with a communication hole, the communication hole is communicated with the hydrogen injector and the spiral gas guide portion respectively, the diameter of the communication hole is D1, the diameter of the spiral gas guide portion is D2, and D1 / 4≤D2≤D1 / 2.

[0007] According to the gas guide structure of one embodiment of the utility model, in the direction from the connecting portion to the combustion chamber, D2 gradually increases.

[0008] According to the gas guide structure of one embodiment of the utility model, the spiral gas guide portion is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is communicated with the communication hole, the air outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, and the plane where the air outlet is located is parallel to the plane where the air inlet is located.

[0009] According to the air guide structure of the utility model one embodiment, the spiral air guide part is equipped with air inlet and air outlet, the air inlet is communicated with the through hole, the air outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, the hydrogen engine is equipped with exhaust pipe, the air outlet is towards the direction of the exhaust pipe.

[0010] According to the air guide structure of the utility model one embodiment, the spiral air guide part is equipped with air inlet and air outlet, the air inlet is communicated with the through hole, the air outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, the hydrogen engine is equipped with exhaust pipe, the air outlet is towards the direction of the exhaust pipe.

[0011] According to the air guide structure of the utility model one embodiment, the hydrogen engine has the middle axis, the distance between the center of the air outlet and the middle axis is L, 3.5mm≤L≤4mm.

[0012] According to the air guide structure of the utility model one embodiment, the height of the spiral air guide part is h, D1 / 2≤h≤2D1;And / or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part is θ, 180°≤θ≤540°.

[0013] According to the engine of the utility model embodiment, comprising the air guide structure of above.

[0014] According to the engine of the utility model embodiment, utilize the characteristics of spiral air guide part, improve the mixing uniformity, improve the stability of combustion, promote the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy of the end of compression, so that the hydrogen is heated in the combustion chamber Time is shortened, thereby improving the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0015] According to the vehicle of the utility model embodiment, comprising the engine of above.

[0016] According to the vehicle of the utility model embodiment, utilize the characteristics of spiral air guide part, improve the mixing uniformity, improve the stability of combustion, promote the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy of the end of compression, so that the hydrogen is heated in the combustion chamber Time is shortened, thereby improving the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0017] The additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be partly given in the following description, some will become obvious from the following description, or be understood by the practice of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become apparent and easily understood from the description of embodiments combined with the following drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 It is the cross section view of hydrogen engine in the utility model embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2A schematic view of the air guide structure in the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A Figure 2 A side view of the air guide structure in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A Figure 2 A top view of the air guide structure in the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A position schematic view of the central axis and the exhaust duct in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 A comparison chart of the turbulent kinetic energy of the embodiment of the present application and related art, before modification is related art, and after modification is the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 A comparison chart of the tumble ratio of the embodiment of the present application and related art, before modification is related art, and after modification is the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Reference signs:

[0027] 100, air guide structure; 10, connecting part; 11, communication hole; 20, spiral air guide part; 21, air inlet; 22, air outlet; 200, hydrogen engine; 201, combustion chamber; 202, hydrogen inlet; 203, hydrogen injector; 204, exhaust duct; 205, central axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0029] In the description of the utility model, it is necessary to understand that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model. In addition, the features limited by "first" and "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0030] In the description of the utility model, it should be explained that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the front-rear direction in the application is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, i.e. X direction; the left-right direction is the lateral direction of the vehicle, i.e. Y direction; and the up-down direction is the vertical direction of the vehicle, i.e. Z direction.

[0032] Reference is made below Figures 1-5 The gas guide structure 100 according to an embodiment of the utility model is described.

[0033] Reference is made below Figure 1 , Figure 2 According to the gas guide structure 100 of one embodiment of the utility model, the gas guide structure 100 is suitable for hydrogen engine 200, and the gas guide structure 100 comprises: connecting part 10 and spiral gas guide part 20.

[0034] The connecting part 10 is used for communicating with the hydrogen injector 203. One end of the spiral gas guide part 20 communicates with the connecting part 10, and the other end is used for communicating with the hydrogen inlet 202 of the combustion chamber 201 of the hydrogen engine 200, so as to supply hydrogen to the combustion chamber 201.

[0035] Among them, the hydrogen injector 203 sprays hydrogen into the gas guide structure 100, and the hydrogen enters the combustion chamber 201 through the gas guide structure 100. The gas guide structure 100 comprises the connecting part 10 and the spiral gas guide part 20, and the hydrogen enters the combustion chamber 201 through the connecting part 10 and the spiral gas guide part 20 in sequence.

[0036] Hydrogen engine as a zero-carbon power technology, because of the fast burning speed of hydrogen, wide flammable range and other advantages, but the in-cylinder direct injection technology still has significant bottleneck. Hydrogen density is extremely low (0.0899 kg / m 3 ), when high-pressure direct injection, it is easy to form local over-concentration area (near the oil injector) and lean area (far end) due to high diffusivity, resulting in significant difference in mixture concentration, causing combustion fluctuation and heat efficiency decline. At the same time, hydrogen jet penetration distance is too long to hit the cylinder wall, causing unburned fuel escape and lubricating oil dilution. In addition, uneven mixing leads to an increase in local high temperature area, and NOx emission far exceeds the regulatory limit (>2000 ppm).

[0037] Specifically, in the related art, the way hydrogen engine introduces hydrogen into the combustion chamber is mostly intake port introduction and in-cylinder introduction.

[0038] Among them, the intake port introduction is to spray hydrogen into the intake port to form a uniform mixture with air, and then flow into the combustion chamber. The in-cylinder introduction is to directly spray hydrogen into the combustion chamber, and hydrogen and air are mixed in the combustion chamber. Currently, many main manufacturers use in-cylinder direct injection technology, and use an open-type hydrogen injector to introduce hydrogen into the cylinder through the sleeve wall to improve the mixing of hydrogen and air and achieve heat efficiency improvement.

[0039] However, in the scheme of intake port introduction, when the piston goes up, the intake valve has not been closed, causing the intake port to backfire, affecting the performance of the engine intake system. If an open-type hydrogen injector is used to directly introduce hydrogen into the cylinder, hydrogen will accumulate at the top of the combustion chamber and cannot form a uniform mixture, which is not conducive to in-cylinder combustion, resulting in a series of problems such as low thermal efficiency and high emissions.

[0040] In the embodiment of the utility model, the spiral gas guide part 20 is provided, hydrogen is sprayed from the hydrogen injector 203 outlet, and rotates along the spiral gas guide part 20 to flow into the combustion chamber 201. Unlike the large-scale tumble flow in the related art, the hydrogen entering the combustion chamber 201 in the embodiment of the utility model forms a vortex, avoiding the formation of over-concentration area and lean area, avoiding the formation of jet, improving the mixing uniformity, realizing stable combustion, and improving the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy at the end of compression. The spiral gas guide part 20 is spiral-shaped, prolongs the time, shortens the time of hydrogen being heated in the combustion chamber 201, and thus improves the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0041] According to the gas guide structure 100 of the embodiment of the utility model, the characteristics of the spiral gas guide part 20 are used to improve the mixing uniformity and the stability of combustion. Referring to Figure 6 、 Figure 7Compared with the related art, the Tumble Ratio (TR) and the Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) of the embodiment of the utility model increase obviously. The tumble ratio and the turbulent kinetic energy at the end of compression are improved, so that the time for hydrogen to be heated in the combustion chamber 201 is shortened, thereby improving the risk of early combustion of hydrogen.

[0042] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 In some embodiments, the connecting part 10 is provided with the communication holes 11, the communication holes 11 respectively communicate the hydrogen injector 203 and the spiral air guide part 20, the diameter of the communication hole 11 is D1, the diameter of the spiral air guide part 20 is D2, and D1 / 4≤D2≤D1 / 2.

[0043] In the above scheme, the communication holes 11 respectively communicate the hydrogen injector 203 and the spiral air guide part 20, and D1 / 4≤D2≤D1 / 2, the diameter of the spiral air guide part 20 is within a certain range, avoiding the problem that the hydrogen cannot flow out smoothly due to the too small diameter of the spiral air guide part 20, and avoiding the problem that the spiral flow cannot be formed due to the too large diameter of the spiral air guide part 20, increasing the probability of the spiral flow formation while smoothly discharging the hydrogen, and improving the stability.

[0044] For example, the diameter D2 of the spiral air guide part 20 is D1 / 4; or the diameter D2 of the spiral air guide part 20 is D1 / 3; or the diameter D2 of the spiral air guide part 20 is D1 / 2.

[0045] In some embodiments, in the direction from the connecting part 10 to the combustion chamber 201, D2 gradually increases.

[0046] In the above scheme, the closer to the combustion chamber 201, the larger the diameter of the spiral air guide part 20, and the increased diameter reduces the hydrogen flow, prolongs the centrifugal acceleration time of the hydrogen in the spiral air guide part 20, is beneficial to the vortex formation, thereby improving the working stability of the air guide structure 100.

[0047] In some embodiments, the spiral air guide part 20 is provided with the air inlet 21 and the air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 communicates with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 communicates with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the plane where the air outlet 22 is located is parallel to the plane where the air inlet 21 is located.

[0048] In the above scheme, the spiral air guide part 20 is provided with the air inlet 21 and the air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 communicates with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 communicates with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the plane where the air outlet 22 is located is parallel to the plane where the air inlet 21 is located, that is, the air outlet 22 is parallel to the air inlet 21, so that the hydrogen injector 203 is correspondingly arranged, the installation freedom is improved, and the efficiency is improved.

[0049] In some embodiments, the spiral air guide 20 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 is communicated with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the plane where the air outlet 22 is located and the plane where the air inlet 21 is located have an included angle.

[0050] In the above scheme, the spiral air guide 20 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 is communicated with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the plane where the air outlet 22 is located and the plane where the air inlet 21 is located have an included angle, that is, the air outlet 22 is inclined relative to the air inlet 21, and the air outlet 22 and the air inlet 21 have an included angle, thereby facilitating the arrangement of the hydrogen injector 203, the hydrogen injector 203 can be correspondingly installed, the installation degree of freedom is improved, and the efficiency is improved.

[0051] Referring to Figures 1-4 In some embodiments, the spiral air guide 20 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 is communicated with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the hydrogen engine 200 is provided with an exhaust pipe 204, and the air outlet 22 is directed to the direction where the exhaust pipe 204 is located.

[0052] In the above scheme, the spiral air guide 20 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, the air inlet 21 is communicated with the communication hole 11, the air outlet 22 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 202, and the hydrogen engine 200 is provided with an exhaust pipe 204, and the air outlet 22 is directed to the direction where the exhaust pipe 204 is located, that is, the air outlet 22 is located on the side of the air inlet 21 facing the exhaust pipe 204. By directing the air outlet 22 to the direction where the exhaust pipe 204 is located, the hydrogen gas flows along the direction of the airflow in the combustion chamber 201 after being discharged, which not only ensures the improvement of the tumble flow, but also improves the turbulent kinetic energy, and further improves the overall performance.

[0053] Referring to Figures 1-5 In some embodiments, the hydrogen engine 200 has a central axis 205, and the distance between the center of the air outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is L, 3.5mm≤L≤4mm.

[0054] Specifically, the hydrogen engine 200 has a sleeve cylinder, the central axis 205 is arranged in the sleeve cylinder, the center of the air outlet 22 is spaced apart from the central axis 205, and the distance between the center of the air outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is within a certain range, 3.5mm≤L≤4mm, thereby further mixing the hydrogen gas and air entering the combustion chamber 201, and making the flow direction of the hydrogen gas follow the flow direction of the gas in the combustion chamber 201, thereby improving the tumble flow and the turbulent kinetic energy.

[0055] For example, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 3.5 mm; or, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 3.6 mm; or, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 3.7 mm; or, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 3.8 mm; or, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 3.9 mm; or, the distance L between the center of the gas outlet 22 and the central axis 205 is 4 mm.

[0056] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 3 In some embodiments, the height of the spiral air guide 20 is h, and D1 / 2≤h≤2D1.

[0057] In the above scheme, the spiral air guide 20 has a certain height, the height of the spiral air guide 20 is h, so that the hydrogen gas flows inside, the shape of the spiral air guide 20 makes the hydrogen gas rotate, the hydrogen gas sprayed by the gas outlet 22 has a certain inertia, thereby improving the vortex effect, reducing the flow loss, reducing the consumption, and improving the overall performance.

[0058] Specifically, the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is D1 / 2; or, the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 0.6D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 0.7D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 0.8D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 0.9D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.1D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.2D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.3D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.4D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.5D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.6D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.7D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.8D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 1.9D1; the height h of the spiral air guide 20 is 2D1.

[0059] In some embodiments, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide 20 is θ, and 180°≤θ≤540°.

[0060] In the above scheme, the spiral air guide 20 has a certain height, the height of the spiral air guide 20 is h, so that the hydrogen gas flows inside, the shape of the spiral air guide 20 makes the hydrogen gas rotate, the hydrogen gas sprayed by the gas outlet 22 has a certain inertia, and the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide 20 is set within a certain range, thereby improving the vortex effect, reducing the flow loss, reducing the consumption, and improving the overall performance.

[0061] For example, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 180°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 200°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 220°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 240°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 260°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 280°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 300°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 320°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 340°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 360°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 380°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 400°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 420°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 440°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 460°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 480°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 500°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 520°; or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part 20 is 540°.

[0062] The engine according to the embodiment of the present application comprises the air guide structure 100.

[0063] The engine according to the embodiment of the present application utilizes the characteristics of the spiral air guide part, improves the mixing uniformity, improves the stability of combustion, improves the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy at the end of compression, shortens the time of hydrogen being heated in the combustion chamber, and thus improves the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0064] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application comprises the engine.

[0065] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application utilizes the characteristics of the spiral air guide part 20, improves the mixing uniformity, improves the stability of combustion, improves the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy at the end of compression, shortens the time of hydrogen being heated in the combustion chamber 201, and thus improves the risk of hydrogen early combustion.

[0066] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gas guiding structure, characterized by, The air guide structure (100) is suitable for a hydrogen engine (200), and the air guide structure (100) comprises: a connecting part (10) for connecting a hydrogen injector (203); a spiral air guide part (20) having one end connected to the connecting part (10) and the other end connected to a hydrogen inlet (202) of a combustion chamber (201) of the hydrogen engine (200) to supply hydrogen to the combustion chamber (201).

2. The air directing structure of claim 1, wherein, The connecting part (10) is provided with a connecting hole (11) connected to the hydrogen injector (203) and the spiral air guide part (20), respectively, and the diameter of the connecting hole (11) is D1, the diameter of the spiral air guide part (20) is D2, and D1 / 4≤D2≤D1 / 2.

3. The air directing structure of claim 2, wherein, In the direction from the connecting part (10) to the combustion chamber (201), D2 gradually increases.

4. The air directing structure of claim 3, wherein, The spiral air guide part (20) is provided with an air inlet (21) and an air outlet (22), the air inlet (21) is connected to the connecting hole (11), and the air outlet (22) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (202), and the plane where the air outlet (22) is located is parallel to the plane where the air inlet (21) is located.

5. The air directing structure of claim 3, wherein, The spiral air guide part (20) is provided with an air inlet (21) and an air outlet (22), the air inlet (21) is connected to the connecting hole (11), and the air outlet (22) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (202), and the plane where the air outlet (22) is located has an included angle with the plane where the air inlet (21) is located.

6. The air directing structure of claim 3, wherein, The spiral air guide part (20) is provided with an air inlet (21) and an air outlet (22), the air inlet (21) is connected to the connecting hole (11), and the air outlet (22) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (202), and the hydrogen engine (200) is provided with an exhaust pipe (204), and the air outlet (22) is directed towards the direction where the exhaust pipe (204) is located.

7. The air directing structure of claim 6, wherein, The hydrogen engine (200) has a central axis (205), the center of the air outlet (22) is at a distance L from the central axis (205), and 3.5mm≤L≤4mm.

8. The air directing structure of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein, The height of the spiral air guide part (20) is h, D1 / 2≤h≤2D1; and / or, the total rotation angle of the spiral air guide part (20) is θ, 180°≤θ≤540°.

9. An engine characterized by, The air guide structure (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: The engine according to claim 9.

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