Diversion tunnel plugging structure and diversion tunnel

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel plugging, in particular to a diversion tunnel plugging structure and a diversion tunnel. In the embodiment of the invention, the diversion tunnel plugging structure comprises a lining body and a plug. The lining body is arranged on the surface of the surrounding rock of the plug section in a surrounding mode and provided with a bottom plate, a side wall and a top arch, a lining cavity is defined by the bottom plate, the side wall and the top arch, and the plug is arranged in the lining cavity and is a columnar plug. The bottom plate, the side walls and the top arch are connected with the plugs in an embedded mode. According to the diversion tunnel plugging structure and the diversion tunnel, the plug is the columnar plug, construction is convenient, and due to the fact that the bottom plate, the side wall and the top arch are all connected with the plug in an embedded mode, the contact area between the plug and the lining body is greatly increased, the cohesive force and the shear strength between the plug and the lining body are greatly improved, and the construction efficiency is improved. Therefore, the water retaining capacity, the anti-sliding stability and the anti-seepage performance of the plug are improved, and the columnar plug can operate safely and stably under a high water head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel sealing technology, specifically to a diversion tunnel sealing structure and a diversion tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] After completing their diversion tasks, hydraulic tunnels are typically sealed with plugs, primarily serving as surrounding rock and water barriers. Plugs are generally installed in tunnel sections with favorable engineering and hydrogeological conditions. In related technologies, plugs mainly come in two structural types: wedge-shaped and columnar. For projects with high design heads, wedge-shaped plugs, which offer better stress resistance, are preferred. Wedge-shaped plugs have strong overload capacity, can evenly transmit pressure to the tunnel wall surrounding rock, and offer high safety and reliability, but are more difficult to construct. Columnar plugs are easier to construct, but their water-blocking capacity is insufficient, making them prone to structural damage. Utility Model Content

[0003] Based on the above description, this utility model provides a diversion tunnel sealing structure and a diversion tunnel, which can improve to some extent the technical problem in related technologies where columnar plugs are easy to construct but have insufficient water-blocking capacity and are prone to structural damage.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a diversion tunnel sealing structure, applied to a diversion tunnel, wherein the diversion tunnel has a plug section, and the diversion tunnel sealing structure includes:

[0005] A lining body is installed around the surrounding rock surface of the plug section. The lining body has a bottom slab, sidewalls, and a top arch. The bottom slab, sidewalls, and top arch together form a lining cavity.

[0006] A plug is disposed within the lining cavity, and the plug is a cylindrical plug;

[0007] The base plate, the side wall, and the top arch are all embedded and connected to the end cap.

[0008] In some embodiments, the base plate, the side wall, and the top arch are each provided with a plurality of inner grooves, which are spaced apart. The outer surface of the plug is provided with a plurality of protrusions, which are provided one-to-one with the plurality of inner grooves, and the protrusions are embedded in the corresponding inner grooves.

[0009] In some embodiments, the plurality of inner grooves on the base plate, the side walls, and the top arch are arranged in an array.

[0010] In some embodiments, the groove is one of a spherical groove, a rectangular groove, and a triangular groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, the inner groove is provided with reinforcing bars.

[0012] In some embodiments, the diversion tunnel sealing structure further includes two first water-stop plates, and structural joints are provided at both ends of the lining, with the first water-stop plates disposed in the two structural joints.

[0013] In some embodiments, the diversion tunnel sealing structure further includes at least one second waterstop, and there is a contact joint surface between the lining and the plug, with at least one second waterstop disposed within the contact joint surface.

[0014] In some embodiments, the at least one second waterstop is disposed upstream of the contact joint surface, along the direction of water flow within the diversion tunnel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plug is made of low-heat silicate cement.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a diversion tunnel, including the diversion tunnel sealing structure described above.

[0017] The technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0018] The diversion tunnel sealing structure and diversion tunnel proposed in this application use a columnar plug, which is convenient to construct. Since the bottom plate, the sidewall, and the top arch are all embedded and connected to the plug, the contact area, cohesion, and shear strength between the plug and the lining are greatly improved, thereby enhancing the plug's water-blocking capacity, anti-sliding stability, and seepage prevention performance. This allows the columnar plug to operate safely and stably even under high water head conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a diversion tunnel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a diversion tunnel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate lining masonry.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle plug.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 10-Diversion tunnel, 100-Diversion tunnel sealing structure, 110-Liner, 111-First lining, 112-Second lining, 113-Bottom slab, 114-Sidewall, 115-Top arch, 116-Inner groove, 120-Plug, 121-Protrusion, 130-First waterstop, 140-Second waterstop. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0027] It is understood that spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "below," "above," "above," etc., can be used here to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, the element or feature described as "below" or "below" of the other element or feature will be oriented "above" the other element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0028] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. In the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have the transmission of electrical signals or data between them.

[0029] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0030] After completing their diversion tasks, hydraulic tunnels are typically sealed with plugs, which mainly serve as surrounding rock and water barriers. Plugs are generally located in tunnel sections with favorable engineering and hydrogeological conditions. The choice of plug shape directly affects the overall effectiveness of the plugging project, and therefore cannot be taken lightly. Since plugs are influenced by various factors such as geological conditions, construction methods, water pressure, sealing materials, and operational requirements, their selection must be based on actual conditions, choosing a shape that is simple and easy to construct under the given conditions.

[0031] In related technologies, plugs mainly come in two structural types: wedge-shaped and columnar. For projects with high design heads, wedge-shaped plugs, which have better stress conditions, are selected. Wedge-shaped plugs have strong overload capacity and can evenly transmit pressure to the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall, resulting in high safety and reliability. However, wedge-shaped plugs have the following disadvantages: there are two main methods for wedge-shaped plugs: pre-excavation with reserved wedge-shaped bodies and post-excavation with expanded wedge-shaped bodies. This type of plug has a complex structure, increasing the amount of work involved in blasting rock excavation, plug concrete, and various grouting processes. The excavated body has an irregular cross-section, making excavation difficult to control and construction challenging, posing significant safety hazards. Post-excavation involves carving grooves on the lining surface or secondary excavation of wedge-shaped bodies, which increases the construction difficulty and can easily damage the structural integrity of the lining, increasing the construction period and thus increasing costs. The pre-reserved wedge-shaped grooves are large, and when the flow velocity is high, they can easily form uneven flow patterns such as hydraulic jumps, impacting the sidewalls or crown arch, affecting the flow guiding capacity.

[0032] For projects with relatively low design head, simple columnar plugs are often chosen. Columnar plugs are simple in structure and easy to construct; however, they are relatively long and cannot fully utilize the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall, relying solely on their own weight, frictional force, and bonding force for stability. This results in limited overload capacity and a large workload. To increase the frictional force and bonding force of the plug, secondary excavation, deep roughening, or reinforcement bars are typically used around the lining. These measures increase the water-blocking capacity of the plug to some extent, but they damage the structural integrity of the lining, reduce its strength, and affect the straight-line construction period, thus increasing project investment.

[0033] To improve the above-mentioned technical problems to a certain extent, this application provides a diversion tunnel sealing structure and a diversion tunnel, which not only facilitates construction but also improves the water-blocking capacity of the plug, enabling the columnar plug to operate safely and stably under high water head.

[0034] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0035] This application provides a diversion tunnel sealing structure 100, which is applied to a diversion tunnel 10. The diversion tunnel 10 has a plug section 120, and the diversion tunnel sealing structure 100 is disposed on the plug section.

[0036] In this embodiment, the diversion tunnel sealing structure 100 includes a lining 110 and a plug 120. The lining 110 is arranged around the surrounding rock surface of the plug 120 section. The lining 110 has a bottom plate 113, side walls 114 and a top arch 115. The bottom plate 113, side walls 114 and top arch 115 together form a lining cavity. The plug 120 is disposed in the lining cavity and is a columnar plug 120.

[0037] The base plate 113, side wall 114 and top arch 115 are all connected to the end cap 120.

[0038] Lining 110 is a support structure installed around the tunnel body to prevent deformation or collapse of the surrounding rock. The bottom slab 113, sidewalls 114, and arch 115 of lining 110 constitute the water-facing surface of lining 110. Lining 110 includes primary lining 111 and secondary lining 112. The bottom slab 113, sidewalls 114, and arch 115 are located in secondary lining 112. Primary lining 111 is supported by steel mesh, shotcrete, and anchor bolts, while secondary lining 112 is a reinforced concrete structure with a certain thickness.

[0039] Since the plug 120 in this embodiment is a columnar plug with a standard cross-section, it reduces the difficulty of formwork, reinforcement and pouring caused by irregular structures. Its structure is simple and easy to construct. At the same time, it reduces the safety risks caused by the excavation of irregular tunnels. It is especially suitable for tunnels with poor surrounding rock conditions, which can shorten the straight-line construction period and save project investment.

[0040] Meanwhile, since the bottom plate 113, sidewalls 114 and top arch 115 of the lining 110 are all embedded and connected to the plug 120, the contact area, cohesion and shear strength between the plug 120 and the lining 110 are greatly improved. The plug 120 transmits water pressure evenly to the lining 110 and the surrounding rock of the tunnel through the embedded structure, thereby improving the water-blocking capacity, anti-sliding stability and seepage prevention performance of the plug 120. This allows the columnar plug 120 to operate safely and stably under high water head without secondary excavation, without damaging the lining structure, and ensuring the structural integrity of the lining 110.

[0041] In some embodiments, the base plate 113, the side wall 114 and the top arch 115 are each provided with a plurality of inner grooves 116, the plurality of inner grooves 116 are spaced apart, and the outer surface of the plug 120 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 121, the plurality of protrusions 121 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of inner grooves 116, and the protrusions 121 are embedded in the corresponding inner grooves 116.

[0042] In this embodiment, the plug 120 can be considered as a traditional columnar plug 120 with multiple protrusions 121 processed on it. The protrusions 121 are embedded in the corresponding inner grooves 116 on the lining body 110, thus realizing the inlay connection between the lining body 110 and the plug 120. This makes the contact surface between the plug 120 and the lining body 110 a concave-convex area with interlocking male and female parts, and the connection method is similar to a mortise and tenon structure. This structure increases the seepage path, and the higher the water head, the better the seepage prevention effect of the plug 120.

[0043] It should be noted that a customized external corner keyway template can be used to cast the required inner groove on the joint surface of the lining. A joint grouting pipe can be buried at the inner groove 116. During the construction of the plug 120, the inner groove 116 area is filled, that is, a protruding structure is formed on the surface of the lining 110. The inner groove 116 on the top arch 115 can be filled tightly to prevent the top arch from becoming void, and to increase the seepage prevention path and improve the seepage prevention effect.

[0044] In some embodiments, multiple recesses 116 on the base plate 113, sidewalls 114, and top arch 115 are arranged in an array.

[0045] Multiple recessed grooves 116 are provided on the base plate 113, sidewalls 114, and arch 115. The recessed grooves 116 on the base plate 113 are arranged in an array, as are those on the sidewalls 114 and the arch 115. This ensures a relatively uniform connection between the plug 120 and the lining 110, guaranteeing a tight connection between all areas of the plug 120 and the lining 110. Similarly, the protrusions 121 on the plug 120 are also arranged in an array. The structural dimensions and spacing of the recessed grooves 116 are designed based on the water head and tunnel dimensions.

[0046] In some embodiments, the inner groove 116 is one of a spherical groove, a rectangular groove, and a triangular groove.

[0047] The inner groove 116 can be a spherical groove, a rectangular groove, or a triangular groove. Preferably, the inner groove 116 can be a spherical groove, that is, the groove surface of the inner groove 116 is an arc surface. The spherical groove has no sharp corners, so it will not affect the flow of the tunnel, and the spherical keyway facilitates the compaction of the casting and the demolding.

[0048] In some embodiments, reinforcing bars (not shown) are provided inside the groove 116. Providing reinforcing bars inside the groove 116 can increase the shear strength of the groove 116.

[0049] In some embodiments, to seal gaps and improve sealing, the diversion tunnel sealing structure 100 further includes two first water-stop plates 130. Structural joints are provided at both ends of the lining 110, and the first water-stop plates 130 are disposed within the two structural joints. Specifically, the first water-stop plates 130 may be W-shaped copper water-stop plates.

[0050] Similarly, the diversion tunnel sealing structure 100 also includes at least one second waterstop 140, and there is a contact joint surface between the lining 110 and the plug 120, with at least one second waterstop 140 disposed on the contact joint surface.

[0051] Specifically, the second waterstop 140 can be an L-shaped copper waterstop, and at least one second waterstop 140 is provided upstream of the contact joint surface along the water flow direction in the diversion tunnel 10.

[0052] In some embodiments, the plug 120 is made of low-heat silicate cement. A temperature control system can be installed inside the concrete, depending on the tunnel volume, to cool the concrete in a timely manner and prevent temperature stress from damaging the concrete structure.

[0053] The construction method of the diversion tunnel sealing structure 100 proposed in this application embodiment will be described next:

[0054] 1) After the end section of the diversion tunnel 10 is excavated, the lining 111 is constructed first. Depending on the actual situation, the system anchor bolts and steel arch support system of the end section 120 can be densified.

[0055] 2) Construct the secondary lining 112 according to the surrounding rock conditions. First, tie the reinforcing bars of the inner groove 116 as required to enhance the shear strength. Then, erect the customized corner keyway template. The first waterstop plate 130 needs to be embedded in advance. After the secondary lining 112 is poured, it will have the conditions for flow. For projects with large flow and silt content, a layer of low-grade concrete can be poured at the inner groove 116 to protect the inner groove 116. Backfill grouting is set at the top arch 115 of the secondary lining 112 to ensure that the pouring is dense. Then, the entire section of the plug 120 section is consolidated and grouted. After the concrete meets the strength requirements, it can be used for flow.

[0056] 3) After the diversion tunnel 10 completes its diversion task, the sealing gate is closed, and the construction of the plug 120 begins. First, the surface of the secondary lining 112 is shallowly roughened. Two layers of crack-limiting steel bars are installed on the upstream water-facing side of the plug 120, and two circumferential second water-stop plates 140 are installed. Backfill grouting, contact grouting, and joint grouting pipelines are pre-embedded and led to the downstream of the plug 120. According to the seepage situation, a stainless steel drainage pipe is installed at the bottom of the plug 120, and mortar is used for sealing later. During the construction of the plug 120, the inner groove 116 is filled and a protruding structure is formed on the surface of the lining 110.

[0057] In summary, the joint surface between the secondary lining 112 and the plug 120 forms a concave keyway with interlocking male and female parts. The plug 120 is embedded in the secondary lining 112, which greatly enhances the friction resistance, adhesion, and shear strength of the plug 120, thereby increasing its water-blocking capacity. Through consolidation grouting, backfill grouting, contact grouting, and joint grouting, the plug 120, secondary lining 112, primary lining 111, inner groove 116, first waterstop 130, second waterstop 140, and surrounding rock are connected into a statically indeterminate structure embedded in the plug section of the diversion tunnel 10, which also enhances the seepage prevention effect of the plug 120.

[0058] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a diversion tunnel, including the diversion tunnel sealing structure described above. The beneficial effects of the diversion tunnel provided in this application are the same as those of the diversion tunnel sealing structure described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A diversion tunnel sealing structure, applied to a diversion tunnel, wherein the diversion tunnel has a plug section, characterized in that, The diversion tunnel sealing structure includes: A lining body is installed around the surrounding rock surface of the plug section. The lining body has a bottom slab, sidewalls, and a top arch. The bottom slab, sidewalls, and top arch together form a lining cavity. A plug is disposed within the lining cavity, and the plug is a cylindrical plug; The base plate, the side wall, and the top arch are all embedded and connected to the end cap.

2. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate, the side wall, and the top arch are all provided with multiple inner grooves, which are spaced apart. The outer surface of the plug is provided with multiple protrusions, which are arranged one-to-one with the multiple inner grooves. The protrusions are embedded in the corresponding inner grooves.

3. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate, the side walls, and the multiple inner grooves on the top arch are arranged in an array.

4. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove is one of a spherical groove, a rectangular groove, and a triangular groove.

5. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner groove is equipped with reinforcing bars.

6. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The diversion tunnel sealing structure also includes two first water-stop plates. Both ends of the lining are provided with structural joints, and the first water-stop plates are respectively located in the two structural joints.

7. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The diversion tunnel sealing structure also includes at least one second water-stop plate, and there is a contact joint surface between the lining and the plug, with at least one second water-stop plate disposed within the contact joint surface.

8. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Along the direction of water flow within the diversion tunnel, at least one of the second water-stopping plates is disposed upstream of the contact joint surface.

9. The diversion tunnel sealing structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The plug is made of low-heat silicate cement.

10. A diversion tunnel, characterized in that, Includes the diversion tunnel sealing structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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