Shear-resistant variable-resistance yielding anchor rod capable of measuring pre-tightening force

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of underground engineering support, and particularly discloses an anti-shearing variable-resistance yielding anchor rod capable of measuring pretightening force, which is provided with an anchor rod main body, the anchor rod main body comprises a head section, a middle standard section and a tail section which are connected in sequence, the head section comprises a head end rod body, the head end rod body is provided with a piston head, the piston head is sleeved with a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved with a nut. The sleeve and the piston head form a piston structure. A piston cylinder structure is arranged on the middle standard section and is used for adapting to shear deformation caused by dislocation and slippage deformation of a rock stratum. The tail section comprises a first rod body and a second rod body, the tail end of the second rod body is arranged in the first rod body in a penetrating mode along the rod length of the first rod body, connected with the elastic piece and capable of sliding in the rod length direction of the first rod body, and the tail end of the second rod body is provided with an outer extension and capable of feeding back deformation of the elastic piece. The anchor rod solves the problem that a common anchor rod cannot meet the requirement for large deformation of surrounding rock, solves the problem that an existing anchor rod is prone to being cut off under transverse displacement of a rock stratum, and can measure the magnitude of pretightening force at the same time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to underground engineering support technical field, especially relate to a kind of shear resistance resistance pressure anchor rod of pre-tightening force measurement. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increase of the depth of mineral exploitation, the engineering geological conditions faced by mining are more complex, and the structure of deep roadway surrounding rock is also more complex. Due to the prominent contradiction between the high ground stress existing in deep surrounding rock and the low strength of surrounding rock mass, the influence of engineering action and environmental conditions during excavation and the mining stress formed during the process of mineral resource exploitation, the deep roadway surrounding rock is prone to large deformation and failure and anchor rod shear failure, which poses a great challenge to mine safety production and is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in deep mineral resource exploitation.

[0003] Anchor rod is a main support form widely and efficiently applied in underground engineering support field. At present, to solve the support problem of large deformation of deep high-stress surrounding rock, engineering requires that anchor rod not only can provide stable support force, but also can produce large elongation deformation to meet the requirement of large deformation of broken surrounding rock. To solve the above problems, pressure relief support technology is usually used to make anchor rod produce large tensile deformation without being pulled off. However, it is found in actual engineering that many anchor rods are cut off due to the inability to withstand large shear stress, which leads to anchor rod support failure, which will cause very serious consequences. At the same time, with the increasingly wide application of pre-tightening force, the size of pre-tightening force and whether it reaches the designed size during installation have important influence on the strength of anchor rod. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to know the size of pre-tightening force, which will be beneficial to determine whether the anchor rod meets the required pre-tightening force.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for an anchor rod device that can not only measure whether the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod meets the predetermined requirement, but also produce considerable elongation deformation to meet the requirement of large deformation of surrounding rock, automatically adjust the bending deformation of rod body to meet the requirement of lateral deformation of surrounding rock, and automatically adjust the bending deformation of rod member to adapt to the lateral deformation of surrounding rock, i.e. an anchor rod device that integrates pre-tightening force measurement, automatic adjustment, deformation pressure relief and resistance to lateral deformation to solve the existing engineering technical problems. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] In view of the above problems, the utility model aims to provide a shear resistance resistance pressure anchor rod of pre-tightening force measurement, which can measure the pre-tightening force of the shear resistance resistance pressure anchor rod, automatically adjust the bending deformation of rod body, provide corresponding support force that increases with deformation, and produce large elongation deformation to meet the requirement of large deformation of surrounding rock.

[0006] The utility model discloses a technical scheme is: a kind of shear deformation resistance resistance pressure anchor rod with pre-tightening force, with anchor rod main body, the anchor rod main body includes the head section, intermediate standard section and tail section connected in sequence, head section includes head end rod body, the head end of head end rod body is provided with piston head, piston head is externally sheathed with sleeve, sleeve and piston head form piston structure, piston structure is used to carry out resistance pressure change;

[0007] Intermediate standard section has piston cylinder structure, piston cylinder structure is used to adapt to rock strata dislocation slip deformation and occur shear deformation;

[0008] Tail section includes: first rod body, internally provided with elastic element, and the side wall is provided with through slot along the rod length direction of first rod body;First rod body is externally sheathed with pre-tightening force tray, and pre-tightening force tray is used to exert pre-tightening force to first rod body;Second rod body, tail end is externally sheathed in first rod body along the rod length of first rod body and is connected with elastic element, and can slide along the rod length direction of first rod body;The tail end of second rod body is provided with outer extension, and one end of outer extension penetrates through slot and forms outer extension gap with pre-tightening force tray, and the width of outer extension gap changes with the sliding of second rod body, and the width of outer extension gap is used to feedback the deformation amount of elastic element.

[0009] Further, the intermediate standard section includes:

[0010] First connecting rod body, N, N is greater than or equal to 1, and the head end of first connecting rod body is provided with first piston;

[0011] Second connecting rod body, N+1, and the tail end of second connecting rod body is provided with piston cylinder;Second connecting rod body and first connecting rod body are sequentially connected in head and tail, and first piston is slidably arranged in the piston cylinder corresponding to its position.

[0012] Further, the tail end of the first connecting rod body and the head end of the adjacent second connecting rod body are fixed by bolts and nuts, and the head end of the second connecting rod body and the tail end of the head end rod body.

[0013] Further, the end of the second rod body is provided with a second piston of the same structure as the first piston, and the second piston is slidably arranged in the piston cylinder on the second connecting rod body at the tail end of the intermediate standard section.

[0014] Further, the tail end of the second connecting rod body is provided with a limiting disc, and the limiting disc is located at the piston cylinder port for limiting.

[0015] Further, the sleeve is internally provided with a plurality of metal rings, and the outer ring of the metal ring is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve with an interval, and the inner ring is used to block the piston head, and when the pulling force received by the piston head is greater than the damage threshold of the metal ring, the metal ring will be damaged and then moved.

[0016] Further, the pre-tightening force tray includes:

[0017] The disc body is movably arranged on the first rod body and is in contact with the side wall of the anchor hole near the first end of the first rod body;

[0018] The fastener is fixed on the first rod body and is located on the side of the disc body near the tail end of the first rod body, and is used for limiting the disc body; and the actual fixed position of the fastener on the first rod body is adjusted to adjust the pre-tightening force.

[0019] Further, the pre-tightening force monitoring module comprises:

[0020] The micro laser ranging device is used for emitting and receiving laser, and is arranged at any one of the tail end of the first rod body or the tail end of the second rod body;

[0021] The reflector is arranged at the other of the tail end of the first rod body or the tail end of the second rod body, and is opposite to the micro laser ranging device; the reflector is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the micro laser ranging device to the micro laser ranging device;

[0022] The reader is connected with the micro laser ranging device, and is used for displaying the actual distance measured by the micro laser ranging device; the actual distance is used for feeding back the specific deformation of the elastic member, so as to realize the measurement of the pre-tightening force.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

[0024] The piston-cylinder structure can produce large shear deformation to meet the lateral movement of the rock stratum, the piston structure can produce large expansion deformation to meet the requirement of large deformation of the surrounding rock, and the width of the outer extension gap is used for feeding back the deformation of the elastic member to realize the measurement of the pre-tightening force. The relative movement between the piston head and the sleeve is utilized, and the resistance is increased with the deformation of the anchor rod body, so that the pressure is realized.

[0025] The utility model has multiple functions, solves the problem that the ordinary anchor rod cannot meet the large deformation of the surrounding rock, solves the problem that the existing anchor rod is easily cut under the lateral movement of the rock stratum, and can measure the size of the pre-tightening force. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, stable function, greatly improved supporting benefit, and effective reduction of accidents, and the deformation and pressure function of the anchor rod can ensure the safety of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the structure sectional view of the utility model embodiment 1;

[0027] Figure 2 It is the sectional view of the head section rod body and the sleeve of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 3This is a sectional view of the second connecting rod of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting disc of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0031] Among them, 1-head section, 10-piston head, 2-intermediate standard section, 21-first connecting rod body, 210-first piston, 22-second connecting rod body, 220-piston cylinder, 23-limiting disc, 3-tail section, 31-first rod body, 310-elastic element, 32-second rod body, 320-extension, 3200-second piston, 4-sleeve, 40-metal ring, 5-preload tray, 51-disc body, 52-fastener, 6-preload monitoring module, 61-laser rangefinder, 62-reflector, 63-reading instrument. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is combined Figures 1 to 5 The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0033] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0034] It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in this utility model all adopt conventional circuit connection methods and do not involve any innovation.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 The shear resistance anchor bolt shown is a type of anchor bolt with measurable preload, which has an anchor bolt body. The anchor bolt body includes a head section 1, an intermediate standard section 2, and a tail section 3 connected in sequence. The cross-sections of the head section 1, the intermediate standard section 2, and the tail section 3 of the anchor bolt body are all circular.

[0037] The head section 1 comprises a head end rod body, and a head end of the head end rod body is provided with a piston head 10. The piston head 10 is externally sleeved with a sleeve 4, and the sleeve 4 and the piston head 10 form a piston structure for variable resistance and pressure relief. An opening of the sleeve 4 is provided with an expanded rubber plug, which is in close contact with the outer side wall of the head end rod body, so as to ensure the air tightness of the piston structure and ensure the existence of pressure for pressure relief. It should be noted that when the piston head 10 moves in the sleeve 4, the gas in the piston structure is compressed, causing the air pressure to gradually increase, thereby realizing variable resistance and pressure relief.

[0038] The intermediate standard section 2 is provided with a piston cylinder structure for shearing deformation to adapt to the dislocation and sliding deformation of the rock stratum.

[0039] The tail section 3 comprises a first rod body 31 and a second rod body 32. The first rod body 31 is internally provided with an elastic member 310, and a through slot is arranged on the side wall along the length direction of the first rod body 31. The first rod body 31 is sleeved with a pre-tightening force tray 5 for applying pre-tightening force to the first rod body 31. The tail end of the second rod body 32 is arranged in the first rod body 31 along the length direction of the first rod body 31 and is connected with the elastic member 310, and can slide along the length direction of the first rod body 31. The tail end of the second rod body 32 is provided with an overhang 320, one end of the overhang 320 penetrates through the through slot and forms an overhang gap with the pre-tightening force tray 5. The width of the overhang gap changes with the sliding of the second rod body 32, and the width of the overhang gap is used to feedback the deformation amount of the elastic member 310. In this embodiment, the elastic member 310 adopts a commercially available spring with a large elastic coefficient.

[0040] Preferably, the intermediate standard section 2 comprises a first connecting rod body 21 and a second connecting rod body 22. The first connecting rod body 21 has N, N≥1, and the first end of the first connecting rod body 21 is provided with a first piston 210. The second connecting rod body 22 has N+1, and the tail end of the second connecting rod body 22 is provided with a piston cylinder 220. The second connecting rod body 22 is sequentially connected with the first connecting rod body 21 at the head and tail, and the first piston 210 is slidably arranged in the piston cylinder 220 corresponding to the position.

[0041] The first connecting rod body 21 and the second connecting rod body 22 can realize standardized production, and the length of the intermediate standard section 2 can be adjusted by selecting different numbers of the first connecting rod body 21 and the second connecting rod body 22. The first connecting rod body 21 and the second connecting rod body 22 are twisted and bent to occur shearing deformation, thereby adapting to the dislocation and sliding deformation of the rock stratum.

[0042] Preferably, the tail end of the first connecting rod body 21 and the head end of the adjacent second connecting rod body 22 are fixed by bolts and nuts, and the head end of the second connecting rod body 22 is fixed with the tail end of the head end rod body. The bolts are high-strength bolts, and the nuts are high-strength nuts.

[0043] Preferably, the end of the second rod body 32 is provided with a second piston 3200 which is structurally identical to the first piston 210, and the second piston 3200 is slidingly arranged in the piston cylinder 220 on the second connecting rod body 22 at the tail end of the intermediate standard section 2.

[0044] Preferably, as shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 , the tail end of the second connecting rod body 22 is provided with a limiting disc 23 which is located at the port of the piston cylinder 220 for limiting.

[0045] Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 , the inside of the sleeve 4 is provided with a plurality of metal rings 40, the outer ring of the metal ring 40 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve 4, and the inner ring is used to block the piston head 10. When the pulling force acting on the piston head 10 is greater than the breaking threshold of the metal ring 40, the metal ring 40 will be broken and then move. In actual use, because the metal ring 40 blocks the piston head 10, the piston head 10 needs a certain force to break the metal ring 40, so that the gradually increasing pressure is realized by the structure of the piston. It should be noted that the breaking threshold of the metal ring 40 is affected by factors such as its own material, thickness and ring structure shape, and can be selectively used according to actual needs in actual use.

[0046] Preferably, the pre-tightening force tray 5 includes a disc body 51 and a fastener 52. The disc body 51 is movably arranged on the first rod body 31 and in contact with the side wall of the anchor hole near the first end of the first rod body 31. The fastener 52 is fixed on the first rod body 31 and located on the side of the disc body 51 near the tail end of the first rod body 31, used for limiting the disc body 51, and adjusting the actual fixed position of the fastener 52 on the first rod body 31 to adjust the pre-tightening force. Among them, the adjusting fastener 52 adopts a non-slip nut, and the outer side wall of the first rod body 31 is provided with a thread, and the pre-tightening force is applied to the first rod body 31 by tightening the non-slip nut.

[0047] It should be noted that the tail end of the head end rod body is also provided with a grout stopper, and the size of the grout stopper is matched with the hole diameter of the anchor hole, so that a good effect of preventing the backflow of grout is achieved. At the same time, there is a grouting pipe with one end extending into the inside of the grout stopper and the other end extending out of the disc body 51 upward. The inside of the piston cylinder structure is provided with a rubber pad, and the rubber pad is located at the opening of the piston cylinder 220. When the anchor rod body is subjected to a shearing force, the rubber pad can ensure that the first connectable rod body 21 and the second connectable rod body 22 can be twisted along the direction of the force, preventing damage.

[0048] The use method of the anti-shear variable resistance pressure anchor rod of the embodiment, comprising:

[0049] In the determined position of the surrounding rock, the anchor hole is drilled, the anchor rod body is assembled, and the stopper is arranged close to the tail end of the head end rod body. Then the anchor rod body is placed in the anchor hole, and the cement slurry is injected into the gap between the sleeve 4 and the anchor hole by using the grouting pipe, and the cement slurry forms a cement slurry coagulum in the area formed by the stopper, the sleeve 4 and the inner wall of the anchor hole.

[0050] After waiting for the slurry to solidify, the pre-tightening force tray 5 is worn on the first rod body 31, and the pre-tightening force is applied to the first rod body 31 by tightening the anti-skid nut, and the applied pre-tightening force is fed back through the outer extension gap.

[0051] When the surrounding rock 1 deforms greatly, the head end rod body will move relatively under the pulling of the anchor rod body, at which time the piston structure provides resistance to prevent the head end rod body from moving; when the rock layer in the surrounding rock 1 shears, a shearing force will be applied to the anchor rod body, and the piston-cylinder structure is used to reduce the shearing force generated by the anchor rod body.

[0052] When the surrounding rock 1 deforms greatly, the head end rod body will move relatively under the pulling of the anchor rod body, at which time the air pressure in the piston structure and the metal ring 40 together provide resistance to the piston head 10 to prevent the head end rod body from moving further. Because the metal ring 40 is pressed by the piston head 10 and will be damaged, the mutual movement between the head end rod body and the sleeve 4 is realized, and the yield effect is realized to meet the requirement of large deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0053] When the rock layer in the surrounding rock 1 shears, a shearing force will be applied to the anchor rod body, and the rubber pad can ensure that the first connectable rod body 21 and the second connectable rod body 22 can twist along the direction of the force, preventing damage, and the second connectable rod body 22 and the first connectable rod body 21, and the second connectable rod body 22 and the head end rod body are fixed by bolts and nuts. The bolt and nut connection can ensure that the relative displacement of each rod member is bent under the action of force, and can be rotated, bent and twisted, so that any tangential deformation is not cut off, and the self-adjusting type meets the requirement of tangential deformation of the surrounding rock. It should be noted that if the rubber pad is not added, the rod body will directly contact when the piston structure is stretched to the maximum, and if the rod body is twisted at this time, the limit disc 23 may be damaged under the action of friction.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Different from example 1 is that preferably, as Figure 5As shown, the pre-tightening force monitoring module 6 comprises a micro laser ranging device 61, a reflector 62 and a reading instrument 63. The micro laser ranging device 61 is used for emitting and receiving laser, and is arranged at any one of the tail end of the first rod body 31 or the tail end of the second rod body 32. The reflector 62 is oppositely arranged with the micro laser ranging device 61, and is arranged at the other of the tail end of the first rod body 31 or the tail end of the second rod body 32. The reflector 62 is used for emitting the laser emitted by the micro laser ranging device 61 to the micro laser ranging device 61. The reading instrument 63 is connected with the micro laser ranging device 61, and is used for displaying the actual distance measured by the micro laser ranging device 61. The actual distance is used for feeding back the specific deformation of the elastic member 310, so as to realize the measurement of the pre-tightening force.

[0056] Since the embodiment 1 feeds back the deformation of the elastic member 310 by the overhanging gap formed between the exposed end of the overhang 320 and the pre-tightening force tray 5 to realize the measurement of the pre-tightening force, this way has large error on one hand, and on the other hand, the overhang gap needs to be further measured to know the deformation of the elastic member 310. Therefore, the embodiment directly adds the pre-tightening force monitoring module 6, which can directly and more accurately feed back the specific deformation of the elastic member 310.

[0057] The specific models of the above electronic components are not specially specified, and can be selected from ordinary products on the market, as long as they can meet the use requirements of the utility model.

[0058] The above specific embodiments further specifically describe the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the utility model, and it should be understood that the above description is only for the specific embodiments of the utility model, and does not limit the utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the utility model is included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A shear-resistant variable-resistance pressure-anchoring rod with a measurable pretension, having a rod body comprising a head section (1), a middle standard section (2) and a tail section (3) connected in this order, characterized in that The head section (1) comprises a head end rod body, a head end part of the head end rod body is provided with a piston head (10), the piston head (10) is externally sleeved with a sleeve (4), and the sleeve (4) and the piston head (10) form a piston structure, and the piston structure is used for pressure relief by resistance change; The intermediate standard section (2) is provided with a piston cylinder structure, and the piston cylinder structure is used for shear deformation caused by rock stratum dislocation and slip deformation; The tail section (3) comprises: a first rod body (31) internally provided with an elastic element (310), a through slot being formed on a side wall of the first rod body (31) along a rod length direction of the first rod body (31); the first rod body (31) is sleeved with a pre-tightening force tray (5), and the pre-tightening force tray (5) is used for applying pre-tightening force to the first rod body (31); a second rod body (32) having a tail end penetratingly arranged in the first rod body (31) along the rod length of the first rod body (31) and connected with the elastic element (310), and capable of sliding along the rod length direction of the first rod body (31); the tail end of the second rod body (32) is provided with an overhang (320), one end of the overhang (320) penetrates through the through slot and forms an overhang gap with the pre-tightening force tray (5), the width of the overhang gap changes with the sliding of the second rod body (32), and the width of the overhang gap is used for feeding back the deformation amount of the elastic element (310).

2. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that The intermediate standard section (2) comprises: N first connecting rod bodies (21), N≥1, and a first end of each of the first connecting rod bodies (21) is provided with a first piston (210); N+1 second connecting rod bodies (22), and a tail end of each of the second connecting rod bodies (22) is provided with a piston cylinder (220); the second connecting rod bodies (22) are sequentially connected with the first connecting rod bodies (21) at the tail end and the first end, and the first piston (210) is slidingly arranged in the piston cylinder (220) corresponding to the position of the first piston (210).

3. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 2, characterized in that The tail end of the first connecting rod body (21) is fixed with the first end of the adjacent second connecting rod body (22) through a bolt and a nut, and the first end of the second connecting rod body (22) is fixed with the tail end of the head end rod body.

4. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 2, characterized in that An end of the second rod body (32) is provided with a second piston (3200) having the same structure as the first piston (210), and the second piston (3200) is slidingly arranged in the piston cylinder (220) on the second connecting rod body (22) at the tail end of the intermediate standard section (2).

5. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 2, characterized in that A limiting disc (23) is arranged at the tail end of the second connecting rod body (22), and the limiting disc (23) is arranged at a port of the piston cylinder (220) and used for limiting.

6. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that A plurality of metal rings (40) are arranged in the sleeve (4), outer rings of the metal rings (40) are fixed on an inner wall of the sleeve (4) at intervals, inner rings of the metal rings (40) are used for blocking the piston head (10), and when a pulling force received by the piston head (10) is greater than a damage threshold of the metal rings (40), the metal rings (40) are damaged and then moved.

7. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that The pre-tightening force tray (5) comprises: A disc body (51) is movably arranged on the first rod body (31) and in contact with a side wall of an anchor hole on a side close to the first end of the first rod body (31); The fastener (52) is fixed on the first rod body (31) and located on the side of the disc body (51) close to the tail end of the first rod body (31), and is used for limiting the disc body (51). The actual fixed position of the fastener (52) on the first rod body (31) is used for adjusting the pre-tightening force.

8. A shear resistant, variable resistance, pressure-anchoring rod with measurable pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that The pre-tightening force monitoring module (6) comprises: The micro laser ranging device (61) is used for emitting and receiving laser, and is arranged at any one of the tail end of the first rod body (31) or the tail end of the second rod body (32). The reflector (62) is oppositely distributed with the micro laser ranging device (61), and is arranged at the other of the tail end of the first rod body (31) or the tail end of the second rod body (32). The reflector (62) is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the micro laser ranging device (61) to the micro laser ranging device (61). The reader (63) is connected with the micro laser ranging device (61) and is used for displaying the actual distance measured by the micro laser ranging device (61). The actual distance is used for feeding back the specific deformation of the elastic member (310), so as to realize the measurement of the pre-tightening force.

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