Efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system
By designing pipelines in the hydrogen fuel cell system in which the coolant and cold medium flow in the same direction, and coordinating with the thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger, the problem of single-source waste heat utilization is solved, thereby improving power generation efficiency and heat supply.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423022214.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydrogen fuel cells rely on a single waste heat utilization method, lack synergistic utilization, and lack thermoelectric regulation functions, resulting in low power generation efficiency.
Design a high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system. By passing the coolant and cold medium sequentially through the thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger in a pipeline with co-current flow, the system achieves the coordinated operation of thermoelectric power generation and heat transfer, thereby improving power generation efficiency.
It improved the system's power generation efficiency by 2.5% and was able to provide heat to the outside world, thus making full use of waste heat.
Smart Images
Figure CN223712781U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to hydrogen fuel cell technical field especially a kind of efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell power generation efficiency is higher, but also in the process of power generation Large amount of heat is generated, in prior art, hydrogen fuel cell waste heat utilization mode generally has two kinds, one is to transfer waste heat to external medium for heating;Two is to use waste heat for power generation. Waste heat utilization form is single, not collaborative utilization, without thermoelectric regulation function. INVENTION CONTENTS
[0003] The utility model discloses a kind of efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system, which is to overcome the shortcomings of prior art.
[0004] The utility model discloses a kind of efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system, which is to overcome the shortcomings of prior art.
[0005] The electric pile module is used for power generation.
[0006] The cooling liquid circulation pipeline is communicated with the cooling liquid outlet and the cooling liquid inlet of the electric pile module at both ends respectively.
[0007] The thermoelectric module and the heat exchanger are sequentially arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline along the flow direction of cooling liquid.
[0008] The thermoelectric module and the heat exchanger are located on the cold medium pipeline, and the flow direction of the cold medium in the cold medium pipeline is the same as the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation pipeline.
[0009] The utility model discloses a kind of efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system, which is to overcome the shortcomings of prior art.
[0010] In some embodiments, the stack module comprises a stack, an air intake pipeline, a hydrogen intake pipeline and a tail gas discharge pipeline, all of which are in communication with the stack. The stack module is used for power generation.
[0011] In some embodiments, an air compressor is arranged on the air intake pipeline, which provides sufficient pressure in the air intake pipeline to meet the power generation requirement of the stack.
[0012] In some embodiments, a cold medium flow regulating valve is arranged on the cold medium pipeline at a position between the thermoelectric module and the liquid inlet end of the cold medium pipeline. The cold medium flow regulating valve can regulate the flow of the cold medium, and regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid through heat exchange.
[0013] In some embodiments, a cooling liquid driving pump is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline. The cooling liquid driving pump provides a high flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation pipeline, and timely removes the waste heat generated by the stack power generation.
[0014] In some embodiments, a cooling liquid bypass is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline, and a first communication point and a second communication point are formed between the cooling liquid bypass and the cooling liquid circulation pipeline. The first communication point is located between the thermoelectric module and the heat exchanger, and the second communication point is located between the heat exchanger and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module. A cooling liquid bypass regulating valve is arranged on the cooling liquid bypass. The cooling liquid bypass can make the cooling liquid return to the stack directly through the cooling liquid inlet of the stack without passing through the heat exchanger, or regulate the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the heat exchanger, so as to avoid the temperature of the cooling liquid being too low after passing through the heat exchanger when the temperature of the cooling liquid is relatively low.
[0015] In some embodiments, a first temperature sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline, and the first temperature sensor is located between the second communication point and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module. The opening degree of the cooling liquid bypass regulating valve can be adjusted according to the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor, so as to adjust the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack and avoid the temperature of the cooling liquid being too low.
[0016] In some embodiments, a heat dissipation fan is further arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline, and the heat dissipation fan is located between the second communication point and the first temperature sensor. The heat dissipation fan is arranged to further cool the cooling liquid when the temperature of the cooling liquid is still too high after passing through the heat exchanger, so as to avoid the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack being too high.
[0017] In some embodiments, the cold medium pipeline is provided with a cold medium bypass, the third communication point and the fourth communication point are formed between the cold medium bypass and the cold medium pipeline, the third communication point is located between the liquid inlet end of the cold medium pipeline and the thermoelectric power generation module, the fourth communication point is located between the thermoelectric power generation module and the heat exchanger, and the cold medium bypass is provided with a cold medium bypass adjusting valve. Through the cold medium bypass, the cold medium can directly enter the heat exchanger without passing through the thermoelectric power generation module, or the flow of the cold medium passing through the thermoelectric power generation module can be adjusted, so that the temperature of the cold medium flowing out of the liquid outlet end of the cold medium pipeline is not too low to be unfavorable for heating.
[0018] In some embodiments, the cold medium pipeline is provided with a second temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor is located between the heat exchanger and the liquid outlet end of the cold medium pipeline. The opening degree of the cold medium bypass adjusting valve can be adjusted according to the temperature of the second temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the cold medium flowing out of the liquid outlet end of the cold medium pipeline is not too low or too high.
[0019] The utility model has the following advantages:
[0020] The utility model discloses a cooling liquid circulation pipeline and cold medium pipeline are arranged with the same flow direction, and the thermoelectric power generation module and the heat exchanger are sequentially arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline and the cold medium pipeline, so that the thermoelectric power generation module and the heat exchanger work cooperatively, and the waste heat generated by the electric pile is fully utilized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is the structure schematic diagram of the efficient hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the utility model;
[0022] In the drawing: 11, electric pile;12, air inlet pipeline;121, air compressor;13, hydrogen inlet pipeline;14, tail gas discharge pipeline;2, cooling liquid circulation pipeline;21, cooling liquid driving pump;22, cooling fan;3, thermoelectric power generation module;4, heat exchanger;5, cold medium pipeline;51, cold medium flow adjusting valve;6, cold medium bypass;61, cold medium bypass adjusting valve;7, cooling liquid bypass;71, cooling liquid bypass adjusting valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the purpose of the utility model, technical scheme and advantage more clear and explicit, the following will be further described in detail in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the utility model, and are not used to limit the utility model, that is, the described examples are only a part of the examples of the utility model, but not all the examples. The components of the utility model embodiments described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell waste heat utilization system includes a fuel cell stack module, a coolant circulation pipeline 2, a thermoelectric power generation module 3, a heat exchanger 4, and a cold medium pipeline 5.
[0026] The fuel cell stack module is used for power generation;
[0027] The two ends of the coolant circulation pipeline 2 are respectively connected to the coolant outlet and coolant inlet of the fuel cell module;
[0028] The thermoelectric power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are sequentially arranged on the coolant circulation pipeline 2 along the flow of the coolant.
[0029] The thermoelectric power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are both located on the cold medium pipeline 5, and the flow direction of the cold medium in the cold medium pipeline 5 is the same as the flow direction of the coolant in the coolant circulation pipeline 2.
[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cold medium in the cold medium pipeline 5 is water. In some other embodiments, the cold medium may also be a coolant, etc. The thermoelectric power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are commonly used components by those skilled in the art, and their detailed structures will not be described in detail here.
[0031] In this embodiment, the high-temperature coolant is discharged from the coolant outlet of the fuel cell module into the coolant circulation pipe 2, flows sequentially through the thermoelectric generator module 3 and the heat exchanger 4, and then returns to the fuel cell module through the coolant inlet. Simultaneously, water in the cold medium pipe 5 also flows sequentially through the thermoelectric generator module 3 and the heat exchanger 4. Since the coolant and water first flow through the thermoelectric generator module 3, the temperature difference between the coolant and water is significant. Specifically, the coolant temperature exiting the fuel cell module is 76°C, and the water temperature in the cold medium pipe is 15°C. At this point, the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric generator module 3 is high. After passing through the thermoelectric generator module 3, the coolant and water flow into the heat exchanger 4 for heat exchange. Finally, the coolant is cooled to 70°C in the heat exchanger 4 and returns to the fuel cell module through the coolant circulation pipe 2, while the water is heated to 70°C in the heat exchanger 4 and then flows out through the cold medium pipe 5 for external use. This system improves the power generation efficiency by 2.5% compared to the power generation of the fuel cell stack 11 alone by working together with the thermoelectric power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4. At the same time, it can also provide hot water at 70°C to the outside world.
[0032] Preferably, the stack module comprises a stack 11, an air inlet pipeline 12, a hydrogen inlet pipeline 13 and a tail gas discharge pipeline 14, all of which are in communication with the stack 11. Specifically, in the embodiment, the air inlet pipeline 12 is connected to an air source, the hydrogen inlet pipeline 13 is connected to a hydrogen source, and the two ends of the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2 are in communication with the cooling liquid outlet and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack 11 respectively.
[0033] Preferably, an air compressor 121 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline 12. The air compressor 121 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline 12 to make the air pressure in the air inlet pipeline 12 meet the power generation demand.
[0034] Preferably, a cooling medium flow regulating valve 51 is arranged on the cooling medium pipeline 5 at a position between the thermoelectric module 3 and the liquid inlet end of the cooling medium pipeline 5. The cooling medium flow regulating valve 51 is used to regulate the flow of the cooling medium.
[0035] Preferably, a cooling liquid driving pump 21 is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2. The cooling liquid driving pump 21 can actively drive the cooling liquid to increase the flow rate of the cooling liquid, so that the waste heat generated by the power generation of the stack 11 can be taken out in time to keep the stack 11 at a high power generation efficiency.
[0036] Preferably, a cooling liquid bypass 7 is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2, and a first communication point and a second communication point are formed between the cooling liquid bypass 7 and the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2. The first communication point is located between the thermoelectric module 3 and the heat exchanger 4, and the second communication point is located between the heat exchanger 4 and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module. A cooling liquid bypass regulating valve 71 is arranged on the cooling liquid bypass 7.
[0037] Specifically, the cooling liquid bypass 7 is used to make the cooling liquid not pass through the heat exchanger 4 or regulate the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the heat exchanger 4, so as to regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid returning to the stack 11 and avoid the temperature of the cooling liquid returning to the stack 11 being too low.
[0038] Preferably, a first temperature sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2, and the first temperature sensor is located between the second communication point and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module. The first temperature sensor is arranged after the second communication point to monitor the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack 11. When the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack 11 is too low, the cooling liquid bypass regulating valve 71 is controlled by a controller such as a PLC or manually to make more cooling liquid directly return to the stack 11 and reduce the cooling liquid passing through the heat exchanger 4, so as to avoid the temperature of the cooling liquid being too low.
[0039] Preferably, the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 2 is further provided with a cooling fan 22, which is located between the second communication point and the first temperature sensor. When the first temperature sensor monitors that the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack 11 is too high, the cooling fan 22 is controlled to be turned on, so as to avoid that the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the stack 11 is too high.
[0040] Preferably, the cooling medium pipeline 5 is provided with a cooling medium bypass 6, which forms a third communication point and a fourth communication point with the cooling medium pipeline 5. The third communication point is located between the liquid inlet end of the cooling medium pipeline 5 and the thermoelectric module 3, and the fourth communication point is located between the thermoelectric module 3 and the heat exchanger 4. The cooling medium bypass 6 is provided with a cooling medium bypass adjusting valve 61. Specifically, in the embodiment, the third communication point is located before the cooling medium flow adjusting valve 51. By arranging the cooling medium bypass 6, the water can directly or adjust the amount of water entering the thermoelectric module 3 without passing through the thermoelectric module 3, so as to control the temperature of the water flowing out of the cooling medium pipeline 5, and avoid that the water temperature is too low to affect the heating.
[0041] Preferably, the cooling medium pipeline 5 is provided with a second temperature sensor, which is located between the heat exchanger 4 and the liquid outlet end of the cooling medium pipeline 5. The temperature of the water flowing out of the cooling medium pipeline 5 can be monitored by the second temperature sensor, and the cooling medium bypass adjusting valve 61 can be controlled by a controller such as PLC or manually, so as to reduce the amount of water entering the thermoelectric module 3, and avoid that the water temperature is too low. At the same time, the cooling medium flow adjusting valve 51 can be controlled to be closed, so that the water does not pass through the thermoelectric module 3 at all, and the heat of the cooling liquid is used for heating completely.
[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present application, or modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical solution of the present application, which does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present application, all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system, characterized in that, The application relates to a thermoelectric power generation system. The thermoelectric power generation system comprises: a stack module for generating electricity; a cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2) having two ends respectively connected with a cooling liquid outlet and a cooling liquid inlet of the stack module; a thermoelectric power generation module (3) and a heat exchanger (4) arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the cooling liquid on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2); 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized by comprising: a cold medium pipeline (5), wherein the thermoelectric power generation module (3) and the heat exchanger (4) are located on the cold medium pipeline (5), and the flow direction of the cold medium in the cold medium pipeline (5) is the same as the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2).
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the system is characterized by: The stack module comprises a stack (11), an air inlet pipeline (12), a hydrogen inlet pipeline (13) and a tail gas discharge pipeline (14), wherein the air inlet pipeline (12), the hydrogen inlet pipeline (13) and the tail gas discharge pipeline (14) are connected with the stack (11).
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized by: An air compressor (121) is arranged on the air inlet pipeline (12).
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger. A cold medium flow adjusting valve (51) is arranged on the cold medium pipeline (5) at a position between the thermoelectric power generation module (3) and the liquid inlet end of the cold medium pipeline (5).
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger. A cooling liquid driving pump (21) is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2).
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger. A cooling liquid bypass (7) is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2), and a first communication point and a second communication point are formed between the cooling liquid bypass (7) and the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2), wherein the first communication point is located between the thermoelectric power generation module (3) and the heat exchanger (4), and the second communication point is located between the heat exchanger (4) and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module; a cooling liquid bypass adjusting valve (71) is arranged on the cooling liquid bypass (7).
8. The high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell waste heat comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A first temperature sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2) and located between the second communication point and the cooling liquid inlet of the stack module.
9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger. A heat dissipation fan (22) is further arranged on the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (2) and located between the second communication point and the first temperature sensor.
10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger. A cold medium bypass (6) is arranged on the cold medium pipeline (5), and a third communication point and a fourth communication point are formed between the cold medium bypass (6) and the cold medium pipeline (5), wherein the third communication point is located between the liquid inlet end of the cold medium pipeline (5) and the thermoelectric power generation module (3), and the fourth communication point is located between the thermoelectric power generation module (3) and the heat exchanger (4); a cold medium bypass adjusting valve (61) is arranged on the cold medium bypass (6). A second temperature sensor is arranged on the cold medium pipeline (5) and located between the heat exchanger (4) and the liquid outlet end of the cold medium pipeline (5).