Protective plate, battery box and battery pack

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a protection plate, a battery box and a battery pack, and the protection plate comprises a metal layer provided with a first structure; the buffer layer is stacked on the metal layer, the buffer layer has elasticity and is provided with a second structure, one of the first structure and the second structure is a protrusion, the other of the first structure and the second structure is a groove, and the protrusion is arranged in the groove. A first structure is arranged on a metal layer, a second structure is arranged on a buffer layer, one of the first structure and the second structure is a protrusion, the other of the first structure and the second structure is a groove, and the protrusion is arranged in the groove, so that the metal layer and the buffer layer are matched in a concave-convex mode to form a stable whole. The rigidity and the impact resistance of the protection plate can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the elastic buffer layer can play a role in buffering and can absorb impact, and therefore the impact resistance is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a protective plate, a battery box, and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection, my country's electric vehicle industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Consequently, safety issues related to power batteries and complaints about battery quality have also increased. Policies are driving the continuous upgrading of national safety standards for power batteries, and industry supervision is becoming stricter. Major automakers are also in urgent need to research new technologies and solutions to improve the safety of power batteries.

[0003] As a crucial component of a power battery, the battery box's structural strength is paramount. Therefore, protective plates are typically installed on the battery box to enhance its structural strength and improve battery safety. However, in current technologies, these protective plates lack sufficient rigidity and offer weak impact resistance. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a protective plate, a battery box, and a battery pack, which have high rigidity and strong impact resistance.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a protective plate, the protective plate comprising: a metal layer having a first structure; a buffer layer stacked on the metal layer, the buffer layer being elastic and having a second structure, one of the first structure and the second structure being a protrusion, the other of the first structure and the second structure being a groove, the protrusion being disposed in the groove.

[0006] The protective plate provided by the first aspect of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0007] Due to the interlocking structure between the first structure of the metal layer and the second structure of the buffer layer, the metal layer and the buffer layer form a stable whole, which can effectively improve the rigidity and impact resistance of the protective plate. At the same time, the elastic buffer layer can play a buffering role and absorb impact, thereby further improving the impact resistance.

[0008] In one embodiment of this implementation, there are multiple protrusions and multiple grooves, and the protrusions and grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] In one embodiment of this implementation, the protrusion is strip-shaped and extends along a first direction, a plurality of the protrusions are arranged sequentially at intervals along a second direction, and the metal layer and the buffer layer are arranged sequentially along a third direction, wherein any two of the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] In one embodiment of this implementation, the metal layer includes a first surface, the protrusion is disposed on the first surface, the protrusion includes a top surface and a side surface, the top surface is the surface of the protrusion facing away from the first surface, the buffer layer includes a second surface, the groove is formed on the second surface, the groove includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall is connected to the top surface, and the side wall is connected to the side surface; the top surface and the side surface are smoothly connected, and / or, the side surface and the first surface are smoothly connected, and / or, the bottom wall and the side wall are smoothly connected, and / or, the side wall and the first surface are smoothly connected.

[0011] In one embodiment of this implementation, an adhesive layer is provided between the metal layer and the buffer layer; and / or, the buffer layer is provided with a scratch-resistant layer on at least one side in the stacking direction, the scratch-resistant layer being made of leather or fabric.

[0012] In one embodiment of this implementation, the metal layer is made of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

[0013] In one embodiment of this implementation, the buffer layer is made of polymer foam material.

[0014] Secondly, this utility model provides a battery box, which includes the protective plate described in the first aspect embodiment. The battery box has a cavity for accommodating the battery, and the buffer layer is located on the side of the metal layer opposite to the cavity.

[0015] The battery box provided by the second aspect of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] By incorporating the protective plate provided in the first aspect of this utility model into the battery box, the battery box has higher structural strength, can better resist impact, and reduces the risk of structural failure.

[0017] In one embodiment of this implementation, the protective plate is disposed at the bottom of the battery box.

[0018] In one embodiment of this implementation, the battery box includes a side plate, a bottom plate, and a locking member. The side plate and the bottom plate enclose the cavity. The bottom plate is disposed on the bottom side of the side plate, and the protective plate is disposed on the side of the bottom plate opposite to the cavity. The locking member passes through the protective plate and the bottom plate in sequence and is threadedly connected to the side plate to achieve a fixed connection between the side plate, the bottom plate, and the protective plate.

[0019] Thirdly, this utility model provides a battery pack, which includes a battery and a battery box according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect, wherein the battery is disposed within the cavity.

[0020] The battery pack provided by the third aspect of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By incorporating the battery box provided in the second aspect of this utility model into the battery pack, the battery pack has better impact resistance, improves safety, and is less prone to safety problems such as fire and explosion.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective plate according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the metal layer in the protective plate;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the buffer layer in the protective plate;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the metal layer structure in another embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure label:

[0031] Battery pack 1000; battery box 1100; cavity 1110; battery 1200; protective plate 100; side plate 210; bottom plate 220; gasket 230; locking element 240; metal layer 10; first surface 101; first structure 11; top surface 111; side surface 112; buffer layer 20; second surface 201; second structure 21; bottom wall 211; side wall 212; adhesive layer 30; anti-scratch layer 40. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0034] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0036] In the description of this utility model, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0037] In the prior art, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack in the prior art. The battery pack 2000 includes a battery box 310 and batteries 320. Multiple batteries 320 are housed within the battery box 310 and are arranged sequentially, their bottom sides fixed to the bottom wall of the battery box 310 using structural adhesive 330. A cooling plate 340 for cooling the batteries 320 is provided between adjacent batteries 320. The battery box 310 includes a tray 350 and a protective plate 360. The tray 350 includes a side beam 370 and a bottom plate 380, wherein the side beam 370 and the bottom plate 380 are welded together at a weld seam 390. The protective plate 360 ​​is disposed on the bottom side of the side beam 370 and the bottom plate 380 and is connected to the bottom plate 380 by bolts 410. The protective plate 360 ​​includes a steel plate layer 420 and a sprayed coating layer 430. The steel plate layer 420 has weak impact resistance, which can easily lead to structural damage and failure of the base plate 380, as well as air leakage problems in the battery pack 2000, requiring replacement of the entire pack and increasing maintenance costs. At the same time, if the base plate 380 is damaged by impact, the battery 320 may be squeezed, which may easily cause the battery pack 2000 to catch fire or explode, posing a safety risk.

[0038] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a protective plate 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a protective plate 100, which includes a metal layer 10 and a buffer layer 20. The metal layer 10 has a first structure 11. The buffer layer 20 is stacked on the metal layer 10, and the buffer layer 20 is elastic and has a second structure 21. One of the first structure 11 and the second structure 21 is a protrusion, and the other is a groove, with the protrusion disposed in the groove.

[0039] Specifically, the protective plate 100 can be installed on the periphery of the battery box to improve the structural strength and impact resistance of the battery box sides. The protective plate 100 can also be installed on the bottom side of the battery box to improve the structural strength and impact resistance of the bottom. The protective plate 100 can also be installed on the top side of the battery box to improve the structural strength and impact resistance of the top.

[0040] Specifically, the metal layer 10 can be constructed as a pure metal plate such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate, or it can be constructed as an alloy plate such as a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate. The metal layer 10 can be disposed between the buffer layer 20 and the battery, or it can be disposed on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing away from the battery.

[0041] Specifically, the first structure 11 is located on the side of the metal layer 10 facing the buffer layer 20, and the second structure 21 is located on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing the metal layer 10. In this embodiment, the first structure 11 is a protrusion, and the second structure 21 is a groove, with the protrusion extending into and engaging with the groove. In other embodiments, the first structure 11 may also be a groove, and the second structure 21 may be a protrusion.

[0042] Understandably, the metal layer 10 has high strength and rigidity, thus providing reinforcement. The buffer layer 20 is elastic to cushion external impacts, thereby improving the impact resistance of the protective plate 100. Furthermore, the interlocking texture of the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 provides a large contact area and good connection strength, forming a stable whole and enhancing the overall torsional rigidity.

[0043] By providing a first structure 11 in the metal layer 10 and a second structure 21 in the buffer layer 20, one of the first structure 11 and the second structure 21 is a protrusion, and the other of the first structure 11 and the second structure 21 is a groove. The protrusion is disposed in the groove, so that the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 cooperate to form a stable whole, which can effectively improve the rigidity and impact resistance of the protective plate 100. At the same time, the elastic buffer layer 20 can play a buffering role and absorb impact, thereby further improving the impact resistance.

[0044] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The number of protrusions and grooves is multiple, and the protrusions and grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. This arrangement can further increase the contact area between the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20, thereby further improving the rigidity and impact resistance of the protective plate 100.

[0045] In this embodiment, the metal layer 10 has multiple protrusions, and the buffer layer 20 has multiple grooves, with each protrusion engaging with a corresponding groove. In other embodiments, the metal layer 10 may also have multiple grooves, and the buffer layer 20 may have multiple protrusions, with each protrusion engaging with a corresponding groove.

[0046] In this embodiment, all protrusions have the same shape and size. In other embodiments, the shapes and sizes of the protrusions can be set to be different. For example, the size of the protrusions in the middle region can be set to be larger than that of the protrusions in the edge region to further enhance the torsional stiffness of the middle region.

[0047] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal layer 10 in the protective plate 100 is shown. The protrusions are strip-shaped and extend along a first direction. Multiple protrusions are arranged alternately along a second direction. The metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 are arranged alternately along a third direction. Any two of the first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other. By setting the multiple protrusions to be arranged alternately along the second direction and the protrusions to be strip-shaped and extend along the first direction, the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 have a larger contact area, which is beneficial for further improving torsional stiffness and impact resistance. At the same time, the first structure 11 and the second structure 21 are easier to manufacture, which helps reduce costs.

[0048] Specifically, both the first and second directions are parallel to the plane where the metal layer 10 is located, while the third direction is perpendicular to the plane where the metal layer 10 is located. Specifically, the first direction is perpendicular to... Figure 2 The orientation of the paper, the second orientation is Figure 2 From left to right, the third direction is... Figure 3 The direction from top to bottom.

[0049] In this embodiment, the groove is a strip-shaped groove extending along the first direction, and multiple grooves are arranged at intervals along the second direction. The multiple grooves and multiple protrusions are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0050] In this embodiment, the spacing between any two adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions is the same. In other embodiments, the spacing can be set to be different; for example, the spacing between protrusions in the middle region is greater than the spacing between protrusions in the edge region.

[0051] Please refer to other embodiments as well. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal layer 10 according to another embodiment. The protrusions are convex rings, and the grooves are corresponding annular grooves. There are multiple convex rings, which are concentrically arranged and adjacent convex rings are spaced apart. There are also multiple annular grooves, each of which accommodates a corresponding convex ring. The cooperation of multiple convex rings and multiple annular grooves provides a more stable connection between the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20.

[0052] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer layer 20 in the protective plate 100. The metal layer 10 includes a first surface 101, with a protrusion disposed on the first surface 101. The protrusion includes a top surface 111 and a side surface 112, with the top surface 111 being the surface of the protrusion facing away from the first surface 101. The buffer layer 20 includes a second surface 201, with a groove formed on the second surface 201. The groove includes a bottom wall 211 and a side wall 212, with the bottom wall 211 connected to the top surface 111 and the side wall 212 connected to the side surface 112.

[0053] The top surface 111 and the side surface 112 are smoothly connected, and / or, the side surface 112 and the first surface 101 are smoothly connected, and / or, the bottom wall 211 and the side wall 212 are smoothly connected, and / or, the side wall 212 and the first surface 101 are smoothly connected. This configuration allows the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 to fit together better, resulting in a larger contact area and improved torsional stiffness and impact resistance.

[0054] Specifically, the top surface 111 is opposite to the bottom wall 211, and the side surface 112 is opposite to the side wall 212. In this embodiment, the side surface 112 extends in an arc shape, and the two sides of the side surface 112 are smoothly connected to the first surface 101 and the top surface 111 through arc surfaces, respectively. The side wall 212 also extends in an arc shape, and the two sides of the side wall 212 are smoothly connected to the second surface 201 and the bottom wall 211 through arc surfaces, respectively.

[0055] In this embodiment, the protrusion is provided on the first surface 101 of the metal layer 10, and the metal layer 10 has a larger volume ratio, which helps to improve the strength and rigidity of the protective plate 100. In other embodiments, the protrusion can also be provided on the buffer layer 20, and the buffer layer 20 has a larger volume ratio, which helps to improve the shock absorption capacity of the protective plate 100, thereby improving the anti-collision capability. Alternatively, the protrusion can be provided on the second surface 201, with the side 112 of the protrusion and the second surface 201 being smoothly connected, and the groove is formed on the first surface 101, with the side wall 212 of the groove being smoothly connected to the first surface 101, to improve torsional stiffness and impact resistance.

[0056] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figure 2 An adhesive layer 30 is provided between the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20. By providing the adhesive layer 30 between the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20, the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 are connected and fixed through the adhesive layer 30, which simplifies the process and helps reduce costs. At the same time, due to the presence of the adhesive layer 30, the width of the protrusion (the distance between the two side walls 112) can be set smaller than the width of the groove (the distance between the two side walls 212), reducing the dimensional accuracy requirements for the protrusion and the groove, lowering manufacturing difficulty, and further reducing costs.

[0057] Please refer to the following in this embodiment: Figure 3 and Figure 4 The adhesive layer 30 is continuously disposed between the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20, that is, the adhesive layer 30 simultaneously connects the first surface 101 and the second surface 201, the raised side 112 and the side wall 212 of the groove, as well as the raised top surface 111 and the bottom wall 211 of the groove.

[0058] In other embodiments, the adhesive layer 30 may only connect the first surface 101 and the second surface 201, that is, there is no adhesive layer 30 between the protrusion and the groove, or the adhesive layer 30 may only be provided between the protrusion and the groove, and there is no adhesive layer 30 between the first surface 101 and the second surface 201. This can reduce the amount of adhesive layer 30 used, thereby reducing costs.

[0059] In other embodiments, bolts or other fasteners may be used instead of adhesive layer 30 to connect metal layer 10 and buffer layer 20.

[0060] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The buffer layer 20 has a scratch-resistant layer 40 on at least one side in the stacking direction. The scratch-resistant layer 40 is made of leather or fabric. It is understood that the buffer layer 20 itself has relatively low structural strength and is easily scratched. By providing a scratch-resistant layer 40 on at least one side of the buffer layer 20, the buffer layer 20 can be effectively protected, reducing the risk of scratches and increasing the service life of the protective plate 100. At the same time, making the scratch-resistant layer 40 of leather or fabric can effectively resist external scratches.

[0061] Specifically, the scratch-resistant layer 40 can be made of genuine leather, imitation leather, or specially treated leather. The scratch-resistant layer 40 can also be made of fabrics such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or blended materials.

[0062] In this embodiment, the buffer layer 20 is provided with anti-scratch layers 40 on both sides in the third direction, that is, anti-scratch layers 40 are provided on both the side of the buffer layer 20 facing the metal layer 10 and the side of the buffer layer 20 facing away from the metal layer 10. It is understood that during the manufacturing process of the protective plate 100, the metal layer 10 and the buffer layer 20 are usually formed separately and then connected and fixed by the adhesive layer 30. The anti-scratch layer 40 on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing the metal layer 10 protects the buffer layer 20 after it is formed, preventing it from being scratched by external factors (such as worker error) before it is connected to the metal layer 10 by the adhesive layer 30. The anti-scratch layer 40 on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing away from the metal layer 10 protects the buffer layer 20 after it is connected to the metal layer 10 by the adhesive layer 30, i.e., during the use of the protective plate 100, reducing the risk of the buffer layer 20 becoming scratched due to external impacts and causing buffer failure.

[0063] In other embodiments, the anti-scratch layer 40 may be provided only on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing the metal layer 10 or on the side of the buffer layer 20 facing away from the metal layer 10.

[0064] In this embodiment, the buffer layer 20 and the anti-scratch layer 40 are integrally formed by composite molding, and then connected and fixed to the metal layer 10 by the adhesive layer 30.

[0065] In one embodiment of this implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The metal layer 10 is made of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy. This design allows the metal layer 10 to have a low weight while maintaining high strength and rigidity, enabling the protective plate 100 to have a low weight while maintaining strong load-bearing and impact resistance, which is beneficial for achieving lightweight and miniaturized battery pack design.

[0066] In one embodiment of this method, the buffer layer 20 is made of a polymer foam material. Specifically, the buffer layer 20 can be selected from polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc. By setting the material of the buffer layer 20 to a polymer foam material, the buffer layer 20 has good elasticity and can better absorb impact.

[0067] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack 1000 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a battery box 1100, which includes a protective plate 100 and a cavity 1110 for accommodating a battery 1200. A buffer layer 20 is located on the side of the metal layer 10 opposite to the cavity 1110. Specifically, the cavity 1110 has an opening on its top side, allowing the battery 1200 to be inserted.

[0068] Specifically, the protective plate 100 can be used as a side plate or bottom plate in the cavity 1110 of the battery box 1100. The protective plate 100 can also be installed as an additional component on the outside of the box body of the battery box 1100 that forms the cavity 1110, in order to reinforce the bottom or side of the box body.

[0069] By adding the protective plate 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention to the battery box 1100, the battery box 1100 has higher structural strength, can better resist impact, and reduce the risk of structural failure.

[0070] In one embodiment of this implementation, the protective plate 100 is disposed at the bottom of the battery box 1100. By disposing of the protective plate 100 at the bottom of the battery box 1100, the battery box 1100 can better resist impacts from the bottom. When applied to new energy vehicles, the battery box 1100 can better absorb and withstand impacts from hard objects such as stones during driving, thereby improving safety.

[0071] In one embodiment of this method, the battery box 1100 includes a side plate 210, a bottom plate 220, and a locking member 240. The side plate 210 and the bottom plate 220 enclose a cavity 1110. The bottom plate 220 is disposed on the bottom side of the side plate 210, and the protective plate 100 is disposed on the side of the bottom plate 220 facing away from the cavity 1110. The locking member 240 passes through the protective plate 100 and the bottom plate 220 in sequence and is threadedly connected to the side plate 210 to achieve a fixed connection between the side plate 210, the bottom plate 220, and the protective plate 100. Specifically, the locking member 240 can be a bolt, screw, or other threaded connector.

[0072] This configuration allows the side panel 210 and the tray to be installed and removed simultaneously via the locking element 240, resulting in high assembly efficiency, convenient maintenance, and reduced repair costs. Furthermore, compared to welding, the connection between the side panel 210 and the base plate 220 using the locking element 240 is simpler, reducing manufacturing difficulty and costs.

[0073] In this embodiment, a gasket 230 is provided between the base plate 220 and the protective plate 100 to prevent the connection from becoming loose. The base plate 220 is provided with a liquid cooling structure to dissipate heat from the battery 1200.

[0074] In other embodiments, the protective plate 100 may also be disposed on the outer periphery of the side plate 210 to reinforce the structural strength of the side plate 210. Furthermore, there may be multiple protective plates 100, with each plate 100 disposed on the outer periphery of the side plate 210 and the bottom side of the bottom plate 220.

[0075] This invention provides a battery pack 1000, which includes batteries 1200 and a battery case 1100. The batteries 1200 are disposed within a cavity 1110. Specifically, there are multiple batteries 1200, which are arranged sequentially and at intervals within the cavity 1110. A cooling plate (not shown) may be provided between two adjacent batteries 1200. By incorporating the battery case 1100 provided in this invention into the battery pack 1000, the battery pack 1000 has better impact resistance, improves safety, and is less prone to fire, explosion, and other safety problems.

[0076] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A protective plate, characterized in that, include: The metal layer has a first structure; A buffer layer is stacked on the metal layer. The buffer layer is elastic and has a second structure. One of the first structure and the second structure is a protrusion, and the other of the first structure and the second structure is a groove. The protrusion is disposed in the groove.

2. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple protrusions and grooves, and each protrusion and groove is provided in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The protective plate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protrusions are strip-shaped and extend along a first direction. Multiple protrusions are arranged at intervals along a second direction. The metal layer and the buffer layer are arranged along a third direction. Any two of the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

4. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal layer includes a first surface, the protrusion is disposed on the first surface, the protrusion includes a top surface and a side surface, the top surface is the surface of the protrusion facing away from the first surface, the buffer layer includes a second surface, the groove is formed on the second surface, the groove includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall is connected to the top surface, and the side wall is connected to the side surface; The top surface and the side surface are smoothly connected, and / or the side surface and the first surface are smoothly connected, and / or the bottom wall and the side wall are smoothly connected, and / or the side wall and the first surface are smoothly connected.

5. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adhesive layer is provided between the metal layer and the buffer layer; and / or, the buffer layer has a scratch-resistant layer on at least one side in the stacking direction, the scratch-resistant layer being made of leather or fabric.

6. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal layer is made of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

7. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer layer is made of polymer foam material.

8. A battery box, characterized in that, Including the protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the battery box has a cavity for accommodating the battery, and the buffer layer is located on the side of the metal layer opposite to the cavity.

9. The battery box according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protective plate is located at the bottom of the battery box.

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, It includes a battery and a battery case according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the battery is disposed within the cavity.

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