Gauge for measuring form and location tolerance of planet hole shaft of differential case

Abstract

The utility model discloses a differential case planet hole shaft form and location tolerance measuring gauge, which comprises a bottom plate extending along the X and Y directions; the X-direction limiting strips are arranged on the bottom plate in a bilateral symmetry mode and can horizontally move in the X direction; the dial indicator is fixed relative to the position of the bottom plate; the core rod is cylindrical, and the axis of the core rod extends along the X axis; and the two planetary shaft holes in the differential case can be adaptively penetrated at the same time. The section of each X-direction limiting strip is in a step shape, and the height from the step face to the bottom plate is equal to the distance between the mounting face on the differential case and the disc face. And the Y-direction positioning structure is used for positioning the core rod in the Y direction. The Y-direction positioning structures are Y-direction limiting blocks which are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate in the left-right direction. The beneficial effects of the scheme are that the measurement of an absolute value is changed into the calculation of a relative value, and the number of two dial indicators is reduced to one, so that the detection efficiency is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the detection precision, the structure of the detection tool is simpler, and the number of parts is also significantly reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of measuring equipment, and specifically is a differential mechanism shell planetary hole shaft shape position tolerance measuring gauge. BACKGROUND

[0002] The differential mechanism is an important automobile part. The automobile realizes the rotation of the left and right wheels at different rotating speeds through the differential mechanism. Without the differential mechanism, the automobile will be difficult to turn. The differential mechanism shell is a rotating body combined by multiple cylinders. The left and right sides of the shell are respectively provided with left half axle holes and right half axle holes. The left half axle and the right half axle are respectively connected with the left wheel and the right wheel through the respective axle holes. In order to virtually connect the left wheel and the right wheel on a shaft, the axis of the left half axle and the right half axle should theoretically coincide, that is, pass through the center of the differential mechanism shell. In actual production, the symmetry of the differential mechanism shell is also required to be high, so that the planetary gear, the spherical gasket and the planetary shaft are more precise and run more smoothly, and the service life of the differential mechanism is improved.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN209445936U discloses a "differential mechanism shell symmetry gauge" on September 27, 2019. The applicant introduces that the scheme includes: a base vertically provided with a support plate on the two sides in the radial direction; a flat plate fixedly provided on the support plate and provided with a first circular through hole in the center; a positioning seat vertically fixedly provided in the center of the flat plate, the positioning seat is provided with a groove on the top of the two sides symmetrically along the radial direction of the flat plate; two measuring rods are L-shaped, the long rods are oppositely arranged on one side, and the short rods are oppositely arranged on the other side. The measuring rods are arranged between the base and the flat plate, and the long rods pass through the first circular through hole and are symmetrically arranged in the positioning seat. Two dial indicators are symmetrically arranged on the two sides in the axial direction below the flat plate, and are slidably supported on the flat plate and fixedly connected with the short rods on the corresponding measuring rods. The measuring plate is semicircular, and the arc edge is provided with a clamping groove matched with the groove and the V-shaped groove. Similar to this kind of traditional scheme, two dial indicators are used to measure the values of the two sides of the shell symmetrically. The gauge structure is complex, the parts are more, the detection efficiency is not high enough, and only the sampling inspection requirement can be met, and the full inspection requirement cannot be met. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above problems, the utility model provides a differential mechanism shell planetary hole shaft shape position tolerance measuring gauge, which changes the measurement of absolute value to the calculation of relative value, reduces two dial indicators to one, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency under the premise of ensuring the detection accuracy, and the structure of the gauge is simpler, and the number of parts is also significantly reduced.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a differential mechanism shell planetary hole shaft shape position tolerance measuring gauge, comprising:

[0006] The bottom plate extends in the X and Y directions.

[0007] The X-direction limiting strip is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate and can translate along the X-direction;

[0008] The dial gauge is fixed relative to the position of the bottom plate;

[0009] The mandrel is cylindrical and the axis extends along the X-axis; the mandrel can be simultaneously and adaptively inserted through the two planetary shaft holes on the differential housing.

[0010] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the X-direction limiting strip is ladder-shaped, and the height of the ladder face to the bottom plate is equal to the distance between the mounting surface and the disc surface on the differential housing.

[0011] Preferably, the Y-direction positioning structure for positioning the mandrel in the Y-direction is further included.

[0012] Preferably, the Y-direction positioning structure is a Y-direction limiting block, which is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end positioning block is further included; the upper end positioning block is located at the Y-direction front of the bottom plate and at the X-direction central position, and the height of the upper end positioning block is equal to the distance between the mounting surface and the disc surface on the differential housing.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end positioning block is movable in the Y-direction.

[0015] Preferably, the Y-direction sliding groove is arranged on the bottom plate; the Y-direction sliding groove extends along the Y-direction, and the upper end positioning block is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove.

[0016] Preferably, the X-direction X-direction sliding groove is arranged on the bottom plate; the lower part of the X-direction limiting strip is provided with a limiting strip sliding block, and the limiting strip sliding block is embedded in the X-direction sliding groove and can translate along the X-direction.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom of the X-direction sliding groove is provided with a limiting hole; the limiting hole is a long hole, and the length direction of the long hole is the X-direction; the bottom of the limiting strip sliding block is provided with a downward protruding part, and the downward protruding part falls into the limiting hole.

[0018] Preferably, the middle part of the bottom plate is through.

[0019] Preferably, the gauge bottom plate is further included; the first limiting strip, the second limiting strip and the dial gauge fixing seat are fixed on the gauge bottom plate.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the scheme are that the absolute value is changed into a relative value, two dial gauges are reduced to one, the detection efficiency is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the detection precision, the structure of the gauge is simpler, and the number of parts is also significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a top view of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a left view of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is a perspective view (the dial gauge and the mandrel are not shown) of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 is a top view of the differential case;

[0025] Figure 5 is a left view of the differential case;

[0026] Figure 6 is a top view of the utility model in use, and the differential case is shown in the dotted line part of the figure;

[0027] Figure 7 is a left view of the utility model in use, and the differential case is shown in the dotted line part of the figure.

[0028] Wherein: 1 bottom plate, 11 X direction sliding slot, 12 limiting hole, 13 Y direction sliding slot, 14 bottom plate foot pad, 21 X direction limiting strip, 22 limiting strip sliding block, 23 Y direction limiting block, 3 upper end positioning block, 4 dial gauge mounting block, 5 dial gauge, 6 mandrel, K differential case, K1 planetary shaft hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application will be further described in combination with the drawings and the specific embodiments.

[0030] In the following, the direction definitions of X direction, Y direction and Z direction, please refer to the drawings. Figure 3

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] Embodiment 1 is a differential case planetary hole shaft shape tolerance measuring tool, which is applied to a certain differential manufacturer.

[0033] Before the specific structure and function of the present embodiment are introduced in detail, it is necessary to have a preliminary understanding of the basic form of the differential case K. Please refer to the detailed description of Figure 4 and Figure 5 The outer contour of the differential case K is elegantly presented as a precisely designed rotary body form, which is not a simple presentation of a single cylinder, but is skillfully combined by multiple carefully laid out, coaxially arranged cylinders, which jointly build a structure that meets the mechanical principles and also takes into account the aesthetics.

[0034] Along the Z direction, namely Figure 5 ​From right to left, the view direction includes the front end, the body part, the convex ring, the mounting step and the rear end in turn. Among them, the diameter of the convex ring is the largest, and the left side of the convex ring is a plane. The left side of the mounting step is a mounting surface, which is also a plane, and the spacing between the mounting surface and the left side of the convex ring is h.

[0035] The body part is ingeniously designed with two symmetrical planetary shaft holes K1, which follow strict geometric specifications in layout. First, the extension direction of the planetary shaft hole K1 needs to accurately pass through the axis of the differential housing K, which ensures that the planetary shaft can stably support and transmit power after installation. Second, the extension direction of the planetary shaft hole K1 also needs to be strictly parallel to the plane defined by the X and Y directions, which not only ensures the balance of the internal structure of the differential, but also facilitates precise cooperation with other transmission components. Third, the axes of the two planetary shaft holes K1 must be perfectly coincident, which is crucial for maintaining the normal operation of the differential, as it can effectively avoid deviation and vibration during power transmission.

[0036] According to the basic principles of geometry, if a cross section is constructed based on the axes of the two planetary shaft holes K1 and the axis of the differential housing K, the differential housing K will be accurately divided into two completely symmetrical halves. This symmetry can be used to characterize the symmetry of the two planetary shaft holes K1.

[0037] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown in the drawings, the embodiment details the composition of the differential housing planetary hole shaft form tolerance measuring tool, which integrates various precision components to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement. The tool specifically includes a base plate 1, an X-direction limiting strip 2, a dial gauge 5, a core rod 6, and necessary fastening screws and other parts, which work together to complete the measurement task.

[0038] The base plate 1 serves as the foundation of the entire tool, designed to extend along the X and Y directions, providing a stable and flat reference test plane. This plane not only ensures the consistency and accuracy of the measurement, but also serves as the installation reference for all other parts. The base plate 1 is made of high-strength materials such as steel to ensure stability and durability during long-term use. Other key parts such as the X-direction limiting strip 2 and the dial gauge 5 are fixed to the base plate 1 in appropriate ways, forming a stable measurement system.

[0039] The number of X-direction limit bars 21 is two, which are symmetrically arranged on the base plate 1 to effectively clamp the convex ring of the differential case K. The length direction of the X-direction limit bar 21 extends along the Y direction, and the inner side wall is carefully polished to form a limiting surface to ensure close contact with the measured part and reduce measurement error. More importantly, the X-direction limit bar 21 has a certain flexibility and can be adjusted along the X direction according to the actual measurement requirements to facilitate the taking and placing of the differential case K, or to adapt to the measurement requirements of differential cases K of different specifications. During the measurement process, the two limit bars will accurately clamp the left and right sides of the convex ring of the differential case K to be measured, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement position.

[0040] The installation position of the dial gauge 5 is carefully considered and is recommended to be fixed in front of the Y direction of the base plate 1, and the measuring head is accurately adjusted to exactly touch the uppermost side of the convex ring of the differential case K to be measured. This design ensures that the dial gauge 5 can accurately reflect the size change of the measured part during the measurement process, providing strong support for the accurate measurement of geometric tolerance.

[0041] The core rod 6 is a core component in the gauge, and its material is made of wear-resistant steel to ensure the accuracy and wear resistance during long-term use. The diameter of the core rod is accurately calculated to match the hole diameter of the planetary shaft hole K1, and the length is carefully designed to ensure that it can completely pass through the differential case K to be measured and exceed the maximum diameter by a certain length to facilitate omnidirectional measurement. The core rod 6 simulates the state of the two installed half shafts during measurement, which visualizes the abstract straight line passing through the axis of the differential case K, providing an intuitive and reliable basis for evaluating the positional accuracy of the planetary shaft hole, which is crucial for ensuring the assembly quality and operating performance of the differential case.

[0042] During use, the operation steps are as follows: First, the core rod 6 needs to be precisely inserted through the two planetary shaft holes K1 on the differential case K, ensuring that the core rod traverses the entire differential case, and the two ends are appropriately exposed for subsequent operation and positioning. The key step is to keep the axial direction of the core rod 6 strictly parallel to the preset X direction, which is crucial for the accuracy of subsequent measurement. Then, the two ends of the core rod 6 are stably placed on the end surface of the side wall of the two X-direction limit bars 21, ensuring the stability of the core rod. After that, the two X-direction limit bars 21 are slowly pushed inward along the X direction until their inner side walls tightly clamp the left and right sides of the convex ring of the differential case K. This process needs to be operated carefully to avoid unnecessary damage to the differential case. At this time, the measuring head of the dial gauge 5 is used to accurately measure the uppermost side of the convex ring of the differential case K, and the obtained reading is recorded as reading one.

[0043] After the first measurement is completed, the two X-direction limit strips 21 need to be loosened to clamp the differential housing K, and then the differential housing K is reversed up and down, that is, it is rotated 180° around its own axis, to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the measurement. Again, the probe of the dial gauge 5 is used to measure the uppermost edge of the convex ring of the differential housing K, and the reading at this time is recorded as reading two.

[0044] Finally, the reading one and the reading two are carefully compared, and through analyzing whether the difference between the two is within the predetermined specified range, it is accurately judged whether the symmetry of the differential housing K meets the requirements. This step is the key link to evaluate the manufacturing precision and performance of the differential housing K.

[0045] This embodiment is the basic version of the scheme, and subsequent embodiments will be optimized on the basis of this embodiment.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] Embodiment 2 is another differential housing planetary hole shaft shape tolerance measuring tool, which aims to further improve the measurement accuracy and operation convenience. Compared with embodiment 1, the improvement points of this embodiment are specifically described as follows:

[0048] I. In terms of structural details, the cross section of the X-direction limit strip 21 is ingeniously designed into a stepped shape. This revolutionary design not only enhances its functionality, but also ensures the accuracy of the measurement. The stepped direction is inward, and the height h of the lower step is precisely calculated to match the distance from the mounting surface of the differential housing K to the left side surface of the convex ring. This design ensures that the X-direction limit strip 21 can maintain consistent height position when clamping the differential housing K, achieving stable Z-direction limiting, effectively avoiding up and down movement during measurement, and improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0049] II. In order to further optimize the measurement accuracy, an upper end positioning block 3 is added above the Y-direction of the base plate 1 in this embodiment. The height of this new component is also set to h, which perfectly fits the uppermost edge of the convex ring of the differential housing K, so that the Z-direction positioning of the measurement point of the differential housing K can be more accurately realized during measurement. The setting of the upper end positioning block 3 is like adding a precise "scale" to the measurement process, greatly improving the accuracy of the measurement and ensuring the reliability of the measurement results.

[0050] III. In order to fully constrain the position of the mandrel 6 during the measurement process, the present embodiment also specifically adds a Y-direction positioning structure. The newly added Y-direction positioning structure focuses on limiting the Y-direction, ensuring that the position of the mandrel 6 during each measurement process is relatively unchanged. Specifically, the Y-direction positioning structure is composed of a pair of Y-direction limiting blocks 23, which are respectively firmly installed above the end face of one of the X-direction limiting strips 21. During measurement, the two ends of the mandrel 6 will be accurately limited on the Y-direction lower end face of the pair of Y-direction limiting blocks 23, thereby eliminating the error of each measurement and ensuring the comparability of measurement accuracy.

[0051] The same as embodiment 1.

[0052] Embodiment 3

[0053] Embodiment 3 is another differential shell planetary hole shaft shape tolerance measuring tool. Compared with embodiment 2, the improvement of the present embodiment mainly lies in the more delicate optimization of the sliding structure of the X-direction limiting strip 21 to improve its stability and operation convenience.

[0054] Specifically, four X-direction X-direction sliding grooves 11 are carefully arranged on the bottom plate 1, and the design of these sliding grooves aims to provide a stable support and guidance for the Y-direction lower ends of each X-direction limiting strip 21. Each X-direction limiting strip 21 has a limiting strip sliding block 22 installed at the Y-direction lower end, and the sliding block and the X-direction sliding groove 11 form a tight fitting relationship, ensuring that the X-direction limiting strip 21 can move smoothly and accurately in the X-direction, greatly enhancing the stability of the structure and the fluency of the operation.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to limit the translation range of the X-direction limiting strip 21 and ensure that it does not move excessively, the bottom of each X-direction sliding groove 11 is cleverly provided with a limiting hole 12. These limiting holes 12 are designed as long holes, and their length direction is consistent with the X-direction. At the same time, the bottom of each limiting strip sliding block 22 is provided with a downward protruding part, which can be accurately embedded in the limiting hole 12, thereby providing an effective range limit when the X-direction limiting strip 21 translates. It is worth mentioning that the downward protruding part at the bottom of the limiting strip sliding block 22 can also be designed as a locking structure, which can effectively prevent the limiting strip sliding block 22 from inadvertently falling out of the X-direction sliding groove 11, thereby further ensuring the integrity and safety of the overall structure. As for the specific form of the limiting hole 12, it can be a through hole or a blind hole, which depends on the actual needs and preferences of the designer.

[0056] The same as embodiment 2.

[0057] Embodiment 4

[0058] The embodiment 4 is another differential case planetary hole shaft shape position tolerance measuring gauge. Compared with the embodiment 3, the improvement points of the embodiment mainly include that the middle part of the bottom plate 1 is through, so as to be suitable for the shape of the differential case K and avoid interference during the measurement; the upper position of the Y direction of the bottom plate 1 is provided with a Y direction sliding groove 13, the Y direction sliding groove 13 extends along the Y direction, and the upper end positioning block 3 is arranged in the Y direction sliding groove 13, so as to have the Y direction moving function, so as to meet the measurement needs of different sizes of the differential case K; the uppermost part of the Y direction of the bottom plate 1 is fixed with a mounting rod, the mounting rod extends along the Z direction in the axial direction, and the end of the mounting rod is provided with a dial gauge mounting block 4, which is used to fix the dial gauge 5; the bottom plate 1 is a rectangular shape, and a bottom plate foot 14 is arranged at each corner of the bottom surface, so as to facilitate the carrying and use of the gauge.

[0059] The rest is the same as the embodiment 3.

[0060] The embodiment is a more complete preferred scheme of the scheme, and the use state is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 When used, first, the mandrel 6 is penetrated through the two planetary shaft holes K1 on the differential case K, then the convex ring of the differential case K is placed on the stepped surface of the two X direction limiting strips 21, the two X direction limiting strips 21 are pushed inward, the mandrel 6 is pushed upward, until the final measurement position: the side walls on the left and right sides of the convex ring of the differential case K are clamped by the inner side walls of the X direction limiting strips 21, the bottom surfaces on the left and right sides of the convex ring of the differential case K are supported by the stepped surfaces of the X direction limiting strips 21, the upper side of the bottom surface of the convex ring of the differential case K is supported by the upper end positioning block 3, and the two ends of the mandrel 6 are on the Y direction lower end surface of the Y direction limiting block 23, so that the complete positioning in the X, Y and Z directions is realized. At this time, the measuring head of the dial gauge 5 is used to accurately measure the uppermost side edge of the convex ring of the differential case K, and the obtained reading is recorded as reading one; the differential case K is reversed up and down, that is, it is rotated by 180° around the axis itself, and the measuring head of the dial gauge 5 is used again to measure the uppermost side edge of the convex ring of the differential case K, and the reading at this time is recorded as reading two; finally, the reading one and the reading two are compared, and whether the difference between the two is within the predetermined specified range is analyzed, so as to accurately judge whether the symmetry of the differential case K meets the requirements.

Claims

1. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring gauge, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a differential shell positioning device, including: A base plate (1) extends along X and Y directions; An X-direction limiting strip (21) is symmetrically arranged on the base plate (1) and can translate along the X direction; A dial gauge (5) is fixed relative to the position of the base plate (1); A mandrel (6) is cylindrical and has an axis extending along the X axis; the mandrel (6) can be simultaneously and adaptively inserted through two planetary shaft holes (K1) on a differential shell (K).

2. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the X-direction limiting strip (21) is stepped, and the height of the stepped surface to the base plate (1) is equal to the spacing between the mounting surface and the disc surface on the differential shell (K).

3. The differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The Y-direction positioning structure for positioning the mandrel (6) in the Y direction includes a Y-direction limiting block (23) symmetrically arranged on the base plate (1).

4. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture according to claim 3, wherein, The device further includes an upper end positioning block (3); the upper end positioning block (3) is located in the Y-direction front and X-direction central position of the base plate (1) and has a height equal to the spacing between the mounting surface and the disc surface on the differential shell (K).

5. The differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The upper end positioning block (3) is movable in the Y direction.

6. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture according to claim 5, wherein, A Y-direction sliding groove (13) is arranged on the base plate (1); the Y-direction sliding groove (13) extends along the Y direction, and the upper end positioning block (3) is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove (13).

7. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture according to claim 6, wherein, An X-direction sliding groove (11) is arranged on the base plate (1) in the X direction; a limiting strip sliding block (22) is arranged at the corresponding position of the lower part of the X-direction limiting strip (21), and the limiting strip sliding block (22) is embedded in the X-direction sliding groove (11) and can translate along the X direction.

8. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring gauge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A limiting hole (12) is arranged at the bottom of the X-direction sliding groove (11); the limiting hole (12) is a long hole, and the length direction is the X direction; a downward protruding part is arranged at the bottom of the limiting strip sliding block (22), and the part falls into the limiting hole (12).

9. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring fixture according to claim 8, wherein, The middle part of the base plate (1) is through.

10. A differential case planetary bore shaft form tolerance measuring gauge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, ​

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