Battery thermal runaway protection system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery thermal runaway protection system, and belongs to the field of battery safety. The system comprises a battery detection module, a microcontroller, a heat dissipation control module and an emergency cut-off device, wherein the battery detection module is connected with the microcontroller and sends collected battery data to the microcontroller; and the microcontroller is respectively connected with the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device, and is used for respectively outputting control signals to the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device according to the battery data. According to the utility model, real-time monitoring and heat dissipation control of the battery are realized, and meanwhile, the thermal runaway risk can be found in time, so that the safety risk caused by overheating of the battery is effectively prevented or reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery safety, specifically, the utility model relates to a battery thermal runaway protection system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the gradual increase of the market electric vehicle ownership, the safety problems of electric vehicles with lithium ion batteries as power sources are more and more. In addition to a part of fire and explosion accidents caused by electric control system failure or external factors, the factors of the battery itself are particularly important. Since the battery will generate heat during charging and discharging, if the temperature is too high, it may lead to battery runaway, explosion or fire and other serious safety problems.

[0003] The prior art comparative document (CN119009170A) discloses a battery thermal runaway protection device, belonging to the technical field of battery safety, comprising: a rolling diaphragm switch, a controller and a vacuum pumping module; the rolling diaphragm switch is used to communicate with the inside of the battery, and when the internal pressure of the battery is greater than a preset pressure value, the rolling diaphragm switch is closed; the controller is used to detect the working state of the rolling diaphragm switch, and when the rolling diaphragm switch is closed, the controller controls the vacuum pumping module to pump the battery. The present application adopts the rolling diaphragm switch to detect the pressure of the battery, and when the battery is about to occur thermal runaway, the rolling diaphragm switch is closed to trigger the controller to control the vacuum pumping module to pump the battery, so as to prevent the battery from occurring thermal runaway, and further prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion accidents.

[0004] However, similar to most existing technologies, the existing battery system detection module has single configuration, cannot monitor the factors of battery failure from multiple aspects, cannot timely feedback the battery failure condition, and cannot realize real-time monitoring and heat dissipation control of the battery state. Therefore, the present application proposes a battery thermal runaway protection system. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and proposes a battery thermal runaway protection system to achieve the following purposes: realizing real-time monitoring and heat dissipation control of the battery, and timely discovering the thermal runaway risk, so as to effectively prevent or reduce the safety risk caused by battery overheating.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a battery thermal runaway protection system, the system comprises a battery detection module, a microcontroller, a heat dissipation control module and an emergency cut-off device, the battery detection module is connected with the microcontroller and sends the collected battery data to the microcontroller; the microcontroller is connected with the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively, and is used to output control signals to the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively according to the battery data.

[0007] Preferably, the battery detection module comprises a temperature detection module, a voltage and current detection module and a smoke detection module, which are connected with the microcontroller and used for detecting the temperature, voltage and current and smoke data of the battery and sending them to the microcontroller for analysis.

[0008] Preferably, the battery detection module further comprises a resistivity sensor, which is connected with the microcontroller and used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery and sending it to the microcontroller to determine the aging degree of the battery.

[0009] Preferably, the heat dissipation control module comprises a heat dissipation controller and a heat dissipation device, which are connected with the microcontroller and the heat dissipation device respectively, and used for driving the heat dissipation device to dissipate heat of the battery according to the control signal of the microcontroller.

[0010] Preferably, the heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a liquid cooling system.

[0011] Preferably, the heat dissipation control module further comprises a thermal isolation device, which is connected with the heat dissipation controller.

[0012] Preferably, the thermal isolation device comprises a micro motor and a heat shield, and the output shaft of the micro motor is connected with the heat shield; the micro motor is connected with the heat dissipation controller and used for controlling the output shaft of the micro motor to rotate and drive the heat shield to cover the battery according to the driving signal of the heat dissipation controller.

[0013] The technical effects of the battery thermal runaway protection system are as follows: (1) the system can effectively prevent or reduce the safety problems such as loss of control, explosion or fire of the battery due to overheating; (2) the system has simple structure and realizes real-time monitoring and heat dissipation control of the battery, and has good practicability and reliability; (3) the system is suitable for various types of battery systems and has wide application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway protection system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings, and the purpose is to help the technical personnel in the art have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present application, and to help them implement it. In order to make the technical scheme of the present application clearer, the present application is explained and described by the following embodiments.

[0016] The embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway protection system, as shown in the drawings. Figure 1 The system comprises a battery detection module, a microcontroller, a heat dissipation control module and an emergency cut-off device, the battery detection module is connected with the microcontroller and sends collected battery data to the microcontroller; the microcontroller is connected with the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively, and is used for outputting control signals to the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively according to the battery data.

[0017] Specifically, the battery detection module of the embodiment comprises a temperature detection module, a voltage and current detection module and a smoke detection module, the temperature detection module, the voltage and current detection module and the smoke detection module are connected with the microcontroller respectively, and are used for detecting temperature, voltage and current and smoke data of the battery respectively and sending the data to the microcontroller for analysis. In the embodiment, the temperature detection module can adopt a thermistor arranged on the battery to collect battery temperature data, in order to improve the collection accuracy of the temperature data, the thermistor can be arranged at the center of each face of the battery. The voltage and current detection module can adopt a Hall sensor or other voltage and current detection device to collect voltage and current data of the battery. The smoke detection module can adopt an ionic smoke sensor or a photoelectric sensor to detect the change of smoke concentration in the battery.

[0018] Battery aging is usually the culprit leading to battery thermal runaway, and the most direct embodiment of battery aging is the increase of battery internal resistance. Therefore, in order to monitor the aging degree of the battery in real time, the battery detection module of the embodiment further comprises a resistivity sensor, the resistivity sensor is connected with the microcontroller, and is used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery and sending the internal resistance to the microcontroller to judge the aging degree of the battery.

[0019] Through the battery detection module of the embodiment, the microcontroller can send a control signal to the heat dissipation device to adjust the temperature of the battery in real time and ensure that the temperature of the battery is always within a safe range according to the monitored temperature data. Meanwhile, the microcontroller is correspondingly provided with safety thresholds of temperature, voltage and current, smoke concentration and internal resistance, when the microcontroller finds that the collected data exceeds the corresponding safety threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of thermal runaway, the microcontroller sends a control signal to the emergency cut-off device, and the emergency cut-off device immediately cuts off the power supply of the battery to prevent further heat diffusion. The emergency cut-off device can usually adopt a relay or other switching element.

[0020] In the embodiment, the heat dissipation control module comprises a heat dissipation controller and a heat dissipation device, the heat dissipation controller is connected with the microcontroller and the heat dissipation device respectively, and is used for driving the heat dissipation device to dissipate heat of the battery according to the control signal of the microcontroller. Common heat dissipation devices include fans, liquid cooling systems and the like, and the application is not limited thereto.

[0021] In the heat dissipation process, in order to reduce the influence of external environment temperature on the battery, especially in the heat dissipation process, the heat dissipation control module of the embodiment further comprises a thermal isolation device, which is connected with the heat dissipation controller.

[0022] Specifically, the thermal isolation device of the embodiment comprises a micro motor and a heat shield, the output shaft of the micro motor is connected with the heat shield, that is, the top end of the heat shield is fixed on the output shaft, at this time the rotation of the output shaft of the micro motor can drive the heat shield to cover the battery, so as to isolate the battery from the external environment; the micro motor is connected with the heat dissipation controller, and is used for controlling the rotation of the output shaft of the micro motor according to the driving signal of the heat dissipation controller.

[0023] In addition, the battery thermal runaway protection system of the embodiment further comprises a wireless communication device, such as a vehicle T-box, etc., which is connected with the microcontroller. The microcontroller can upload the collected temperature, voltage, current, smoke concentration, internal resistance and other data to the cloud platform through the wireless communication device, so that the user can obtain the data from the cloud through the smart devices such as mobile phones and computers to realize the remote real-time monitoring of the battery state. Further, when the microcontroller judges that there is a thermal runaway risk, the power supply is cut off through the emergency cut-off device, and an alarm signal can also be sent to the user through the wireless communication device, so as to deal with and avoid risks in time.

[0024] The system of the application can effectively prevent or reduce the safety problems such as loss of control, explosion or fire of the battery due to overheating; the system of the application has simple structure, realizes real-time monitoring and heat dissipation control of the battery, and has good practicability and reliability; the application is suitable for various types of battery systems, and has wide application prospect.

[0025] The above has been described by way of example with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the application is not limited by the above method. As long as various non-essential improvements are made by adopting the method concept and technical scheme of the application; or without improvement, the above concept and technical scheme of the application are directly applied to other occasions, which are within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway protection system, characterized by: The system comprises a battery detection module, a microcontroller, a heat dissipation control module, an emergency cut-off device, the battery detection module is connected with the microcontroller and sends the collected battery data to the microcontroller; the microcontroller is connected with the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively, and is used for outputting control signals to the heat dissipation control module and the emergency cut-off device respectively according to the battery data; The battery detection module further comprises a resistivity sensor, the resistivity sensor is connected with the microcontroller, and is used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery and sending the internal resistance to the microcontroller to judge the aging degree of the battery; The heat dissipation control module comprises a heat dissipation controller and a heat dissipation device, the heat dissipation controller is connected with the microcontroller and the heat dissipation device respectively, and is used for driving the heat dissipation device to dissipate heat of the battery according to the control signal of the microcontroller; the heat dissipation control module further comprises a heat isolation device, and the heat isolation device is connected with the heat dissipation controller; The heat isolation device comprises a micro motor and a heat shield, an output shaft of the micro motor is connected with the heat shield; the micro motor is connected with the heat dissipation controller, and is used for controlling the output shaft of the micro motor to rotate to drive the heat shield to cover the battery according to the driving signal of the heat dissipation controller.

2. The battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 1, wherein: The battery detection module comprises a temperature detection module, a voltage and current detection module and a smoke detection module, the temperature detection module, the voltage and current detection module and the smoke detection module are connected with the microcontroller respectively, and are respectively used for detecting temperature, voltage and current and smoke data of the battery and sending the data to the microcontroller for analysis.

3. The battery thermal runaway protection system of claim 1, wherein: The heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a liquid cooling system.

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