Ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking deicing method, system and device for insulator

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking deicing method, system and device for an insulator, and the method comprises the steps: sequentially transmitting a first frequency detection signal and a second frequency detection signal through an ultrasonic transmitting unit, collecting a reflection signal, and judging whether ice coating exists or not based on the characteristic difference of amplitude attenuation, propagation time difference and phase offset; if icing exists, deicing ultrasonic waves with initial power are transmitted, a power adaptive adjustment model is constructed by using real-time signals reflected by an icing layer, and the deicing power is dynamically optimized in combination with the characteristic change rate; the double-frequency signals are transmitted again at regular intervals, and after re-check reflection signals are collected and subjected to temperature correction, whether ice coating is completely removed or not is judged through characteristic differences; the system comprises an ultrasonic transmitting / receiving module, an icing judgment module and a power adaptive adjustment module. The device comprises a high-frequency ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and a microcontroller. The device realizes integration of ultrasonic detection, deicing and effect verification, and is suitable for various insulator winter icing removal scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment maintenance technology, specifically to a method, system, and apparatus for ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing of insulators. Background Technology

[0002] Insulators, as core components in power systems ensuring insulation between conductive and grounded parts, directly affect the safety and stability of the power grid. In winter, under conditions of low temperatures, high humidity, or freezing rain and snow, insulator surfaces are prone to icing. Icing not only increases the mechanical load on insulators, leading to mechanical failures such as insulator breakage and tower collapse, but also significantly reduces their insulation performance, causing serious power grid accidents such as flashovers and tripping, posing a significant threat to power supply. Therefore, insulator icing has always been a key focus and challenge for winter operation and maintenance in the power industry. Developing efficient, safe, and adaptive de-icing technologies is of great practical significance for ensuring the reliable operation of the power grid during winter.

[0003] Currently, insulator de-icing technologies mainly include thermal melting, mechanical de-icing, and ultrasonic de-icing. Thermal melting melts the ice layer through resistance heating or infrared heating, but it suffers from high energy consumption and localized temperature rises that can lead to aging of the insulator's insulating materials. Mechanical de-icing relies on manual labor or mechanical devices to physically scrape off the ice layer, which is not only inefficient but also prone to scratching damage to the glaze layer or composite insulation layer on the insulator surface. Ultrasonic de-icing has gradually gained attention due to its advantages of no thermal damage and no mechanical contact. However, existing ultrasonic de-icing technologies mostly use fixed power and frequency for de-icing, making it difficult to adjust parameters according to the real-time conditions such as the thickness and density of the ice on the insulator. This results in problems such as low de-icing efficiency, energy waste, or insufficient power leading to incomplete de-icing, especially when the icing conditions are complex, making it difficult to achieve precise and efficient de-icing.

[0004] With the development of smart grids, higher demands are placed on the adaptability and intelligence of insulator de-icing technology. Existing ultrasonic de-icing technology lacks a parameter adjustment mechanism based on real-time feedback of icing status, and cannot achieve an integrated process of icing detection, de-icing control, and de-icing effect verification through ultrasonic signals themselves. Furthermore, parameter adjustments in existing technologies largely rely on empirical values ​​or single signal characteristics, lacking scientific model support, resulting in insufficient stability and reliability of the de-icing process. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated de-icing method that can utilize ultrasonic signals to achieve icing detection, adaptive power adjustment, and de-icing effect verification, in order to solve the problems of low accuracy and poor adaptability in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, this application discloses a method, system, and apparatus for ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing of insulators. Specifically, the ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators includes:

[0006] The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a first frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the first reflected signal after the first frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator is collected.

[0007] The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a second frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the ultrasonic receiving unit collects the second reflected signal after the second frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator.

[0008] Based on the characteristic differences between the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, it is determined whether there is ice on the surface of the insulator. The characteristic differences include the amplitude attenuation, propagation time difference and phase offset of the reflected signal.

[0009] If icing is detected, a de-icing ultrasonic signal with a preset initial power is emitted to the icing area of ​​the insulator, and alternating stress is generated inside the icing layer through the de-icing ultrasonic signal.

[0010] The real-time reflected signal of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after being reflected by the ice layer is continuously collected through the ultrasonic receiving unit. Based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signal, a power adaptive adjustment model is constructed to calculate and adjust the power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal.

[0011] The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to sequentially transmit ultrasonic signals of the first frequency and the second frequency, and the corresponding third and fourth reflected signals are collected.

[0012] Based on the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals, it is determined whether the ice on the surface of the insulator has been completely removed. If it is determined that it has been completely removed, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to stop working. If it is determined that there is still residual ice, the power is adjusted to continue de-icing through the power adaptive adjustment model.

[0013] Preferably, determining whether there is ice on the insulator surface based on the characteristic differences between the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal includes:

[0014] Extract the first amplitude attenuation of the first reflected signal First transmission time difference and the first phase offset Extract the second amplitude attenuation of the second reflected signal. Second propagation time difference and the second phase offset ;

[0015] Calculate the first feature difference value Second characteristic difference value The third characteristic difference value ;

[0016] Preset icing detection threshold ,like and and If the difference value of any feature is less than the corresponding threshold, then the surface of the insulator is determined to be covered with ice; if any feature difference value is less than the corresponding threshold, then the surface of the insulator is determined to be free of ice.

[0017] Preferably, if icing is determined to exist, controlling the ultrasonic transmitting unit to switch to de-icing mode and transmitting a de-icing ultrasonic signal with a preset initial power to the iced area of ​​the insulator includes:

[0018] Based on the first propagation time difference Time difference with the second propagation Combined with the sound wave propagation speed of the insulator body Calculate the estimated thickness of the ice layer. The calculation formula is: ,in The preset ultrasonic wave propagation speed of the insulator body in an ice-free state;

[0019] Based on the estimated thickness and the first amplitude attenuation Second amplitude attenuation An initial power calculation model was constructed to determine the initial power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal. The calculation formula is: ,in To preset the baseline de-icing power, For thickness influence coefficient, This is the attenuation effect coefficient;

[0020] The transmitting end of the ultrasonic wave transmitting unit is aimed at the icy area, and the power is adjusted according to the determined initial power. The ultrasonic signal for de-icing is emitted, and the direction of the emission of the ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the surface of the ice-covered area of ​​the insulator, so as to ensure that the ultrasonic energy is efficiently transmitted to the ice layer.

[0021] Preferably, during the de-icing process, the real-time reflected signal of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after reflection by the ice layer is continuously acquired through the ultrasonic receiving unit. A power adaptive adjustment model is constructed based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signal. The power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal is calculated and adjusted using this model, including:

[0022] Real-time extraction of the real-time amplitude attenuation of the real-time reflected signal Real-time transmission time difference and real-time phase offset The time interval between two adjacent signal acquisitions is set to be ;

[0023] Calculate the real-time characteristic change rate: amplitude decay change rate Propagation time variation rate Phase offset change rate ,in , , These are the feature parameters from the previous acquisition;

[0024] Construct a power adaptive adjustment model based on the current de-icing power. Based on this, the adjusted power is calculated using real-time characteristic change rate. The calculation formula is:

[0025] ,in, The weighting is determined by the rate of change of amplitude. Weights are assigned to the rate of change over time. The weights are determined by the rate of phase change. , , The preset optimal feature change rate threshold; when hour, The same applies to and ;

[0026] If the calculation yields Greater than the preset maximum power threshold Then take ;like Less than the preset minimum power threshold Then take Ensure that the power adjustment is within a safe and effective range.

[0027] Preferably, when it is necessary to determine whether de-icing is complete, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to sequentially transmit a first frequency ultrasonic signal and a second frequency ultrasonic signal, and the corresponding third and fourth reflected signals are collected, including:

[0028] Set the de-icing status detection cycle Each interval Trigger a de-icing completion judgment process, and The value of is related to the initial de-icing power. Positive correlation, that is The larger, The smaller;

[0029] When the judgment process is triggered, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is first controlled to stop emitting de-icing ultrasonic signals, after a preset buffer time. Then, the first frequency ultrasonic signal and the second frequency ultrasonic signal are emitted in sequence to avoid mutual interference between the de-icing signal and the detection signal;

[0030] The ultrasonic receiving unit collects the third reflection signal of the first frequency ultrasonic signal after reflection from the insulator surface, and the fourth reflection signal of the second frequency ultrasonic signal after reflection from the insulator surface, and records the ambient temperature at the time of collection to correct the characteristic parameters of the reflection signal.

[0031] Preferably, determining whether the ice on the insulator surface has been completely removed based on the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals includes:

[0032] Extract the third amplitude attenuation of the third reflected signal Third propagation time difference Extract the fourth amplitude attenuation of the fourth reflected signal. Fourth, the time difference of propagation ;

[0033] Combined with the ambient temperature at the time of data collection Temperature correction is applied to the characteristic parameters: , , , ,in For the preset reference temperature, This is the amplitude temperature correction factor. This is a time-temperature correction factor;

[0034] Calculate the fourth characteristic difference value Fifth characteristic difference value ;

[0035] Preset ice-free determination threshold , ,like and If the ice on the insulator surface is completely removed, it is determined that the ice has been completely removed; otherwise, it is determined that residual ice still exists, and [the process will be adjusted accordingly]. , , , The feedback is fed back to the power adaptive adjustment model as the initial parameters for the next power adjustment.

[0036] Preferably, the adjusted power is calculated using a power adaptive adjustment model. After that, it also includes:

[0037] Introducing the ice breaking efficiency coefficient , ,in for The ice-covered area is estimated in real time using reflected signals. for The area of ​​ice cover at any given moment;

[0038] when At that time, the weight coefficients in the power adaptive adjustment model are corrected. The minimum crushing efficiency coefficient is preset. , The influence of amplitude and time rate of change on power adjustment, among which , These are the corresponding preset weight correction coefficients;

[0039] when and At the same time, maintain the weighting coefficients , , constant, To preset the optimal crushing efficiency coefficient;

[0040] when At that time, the weighting coefficients are adjusted: This enhances the suppression effect of phase change rate on power adjustment, preventing excessive power from causing excessive vibration of the insulator body. This is the preset weight correction coefficient.

[0041] Preferably, after controlling the ultrasonic transmitting unit to stop working, it further includes:

[0042] Record the key parameters during this de-icing process, including the first frequency, the second frequency, the initial de-icing power, the power adjusted at each time, the number of power adjustments, the total de-icing time, the characteristic parameters of the reflected signals at each stage, and the ambient temperature.

[0043] The key parameters are stored in the de-icing database, and the parameters of the power adaptive adjustment model are optimized based on historical data. , ,in The historical average initial power, The current initial power, This represents the historical average crushing efficiency coefficient. This represents the current crushing efficiency coefficient. , The preset parameter optimization coefficients, , These are the optimized impact coefficients.

[0044] The high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice breaking and de-icing system for insulators described herein includes:

[0045] An ultrasonic transmitting module is used to transmit a first frequency ultrasonic signal, a second frequency ultrasonic signal, and a de-icing ultrasonic signal. The frequency and power of the transmitted signal can be adjusted according to control commands.

[0046] An ultrasonic receiving module is used to collect a first reflected signal, a second reflected signal, a third reflected signal, a fourth reflected signal, and a real-time reflected signal, and convert the reflected signals into electrical signals for output.

[0047] The signal processing module, connected to the ultrasonic receiving module, is used to filter, amplify, reduce noise, and extract feature parameters from the received electrical signal, and output the feature parameters.

[0048] An icing detection module is connected to the signal processing module to determine whether there is ice on the surface of the insulator.

[0049] A power adaptive adjustment module, connected to the signal processing module, has a built-in power adaptive adjustment model for receiving real-time characteristic parameters and calculating the adjusted de-icing power.

[0050] The de-icing control module is connected to the icing judgment module, the power adaptive adjustment module, and the ultrasonic transmitting module. When it is determined that there is icing, it controls the ultrasonic transmitting module to switch to the de-icing mode and outputs the de-icing power. At the same time, it receives the adjustment command from the power adaptive adjustment module and updates the de-icing power.

[0051] The de-icing judgment module, connected to the signal processing module, is used to determine whether the ice has been completely removed based on the corrected feature parameters.

[0052] The system control module is connected to the icing judgment module, the de-icing control module, and the de-icing judgment module, and is used to control the coordination of each module.

[0053] The aforementioned high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice breaking and de-icing device for insulators includes:

[0054] A high-frequency ultrasonic generator is used to generate a first-frequency ultrasonic signal, a second-frequency ultrasonic signal, and a de-icing ultrasonic signal, and its output power can be adjusted by an electrical signal.

[0055] An ultrasonic transducer, connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator, is made of piezoelectric ceramic material and is used to convert the electrical signal output by the high-frequency ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration, which is then emitted as an ultrasonic signal onto the surface of the insulator. The emission angle can be finely adjusted by adjusting the structure.

[0056] An ultrasonic receiver, paired with the ultrasonic transducer, is used to receive the reflected ultrasonic mechanical vibration signal and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0057] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator and the signal conditioning circuit. The microcontroller has built-in program code for an ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following technical effects:

[0059] This invention utilizes dual-frequency ultrasonic signals to detect icing and verify de-icing effects, significantly improving the accuracy of icing assessment. Compared to single-frequency detection, it uses the differences in amplitude attenuation, propagation time difference, and phase shift of ultrasonic reflected signals at different frequencies for judgment. This effectively distinguishes between ice-free, ice-containing, and residual icing states on the insulator surface, avoiding misjudgments caused by environmental interference or signal noise. It provides a reliable basis for the precise initiation and cessation of subsequent de-icing operations, ensuring the targeted and effective nature of the de-icing process from the source.

[0060] The power adaptive adjustment model constructed in this invention realizes dynamic optimization of de-icing power. By collecting the reflection signal characteristics of de-icing ultrasonic waves in real time, and combining amplitude, propagation time and phase change rate, the power adjustment is calculated and adjusted so that the de-icing power can adaptively change with the ice breaking state. This avoids the problems of incomplete de-icing of thick ice or excessive power for thin ice under fixed power, and ensures the rationality of power adjustment through weight coefficient correction. It reduces energy waste while ensuring de-icing efficiency, and improves the economy and safety of the de-icing process.

[0061] This invention realizes an integrated process of ultrasonic detection, de-icing, and effect verification, without the need for additional detection devices. From dual-frequency detection to determine icing, to adaptive power de-icing, and then to dual-frequency verification to confirm the completion of de-icing, the entire process is completed by ultrasonic transmitting and receiving units, which simplifies the structural complexity of the de-icing system. At the same time, by optimizing the model parameters through historical data, the method can continuously adapt to different icing scenarios. The de-icing effect and stability are continuously improved in long-term use, demonstrating good practicality and promotional value.

[0062] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0065] Based on the description of the figures and their corresponding technical content in the document, the titles of the figures are as follows:

[0066] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall logic of the ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the logic for determining whether there is ice accumulation on the surface of an insulator based on dual-frequency ultrasonic signals.

[0068] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the adaptive adjustment process logic for ultrasonic de-icing power of insulators;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interaction logic of the ultrasonic de-icing system module for insulators.

[0070] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an insulator de-icing device with a high-frequency ultrasonic generator.

[0071] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an insulator de-icing device integrating a microcontroller, an ultrasonic transmitter, and a receiver. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided merely to help fully understand the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted in the embodiments.

[0073] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0074] Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples within this application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0075] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0076] In this article, the term "at least one" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "at least one of A and B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0077] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] This embodiment mainly describes an ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it specifically includes:

[0080] The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a first frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the first reflected signal after the first frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator is collected.

[0081] The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a second frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the ultrasonic receiving unit collects the second reflected signal after the second frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator.

[0082] Based on the characteristic differences between the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, it is determined whether there is ice on the surface of the insulator. The characteristic differences include the amplitude attenuation, propagation time difference and phase offset of the reflected signal.

[0083] If icing is detected, a de-icing ultrasonic signal with a preset initial power is emitted to the icing area of ​​the insulator, and alternating stress is generated inside the icing layer through the de-icing ultrasonic signal.

[0084] During the de-icing process, the real-time reflected signal of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after being reflected by the ice layer is continuously collected by the ultrasonic receiving unit. Based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signal, a power adaptive adjustment model is constructed to calculate and adjust the power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal.

[0085] When it is necessary to determine whether de-icing is complete, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to transmit the first frequency ultrasonic signal and the second frequency ultrasonic signal in sequence, and the corresponding third and fourth reflection signals are collected.

[0086] Based on the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals, it is determined whether the ice on the surface of the insulator has been completely removed. If it is determined that it has been completely removed, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to stop working. If it is determined that there is still residual ice, the power is adjusted to continue de-icing through the power adaptive adjustment model.

[0087] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, when determining whether there is ice accumulation on the surface of an insulator, it is necessary to accurately extract characteristic parameters from the first and second reflected signals to ensure the comprehensiveness of the judgment basis. Specifically, the first amplitude attenuation of the first reflected signal is extracted. First transmission time difference and the first phase offset Extract the second amplitude attenuation of the second reflected signal. Second propagation time difference and the second phase offset This reflects the energy loss, propagation path differences, and phase changes of ultrasonic waves after they interact with the insulator surface (with or without ice) at different frequencies;

[0088] Based on the extracted feature parameters, the signal difference is quantified by calculating the feature difference value: the first feature difference value. This is used to characterize the difference in ultrasonic amplitude attenuation at different frequencies; the second characteristic difference value. This reflects the difference in propagation time of ultrasound waves at different frequencies; the third characteristic difference value. This reflects the difference in phase shift between ultrasonic waves of different frequencies; a preset icing detection threshold is provided. , , Only when and and Only when the insulator surface is icing is detected is it determined that there is ice. If any feature difference value is less than the corresponding judgment threshold, it is determined that there is no ice. Multi-dimensional threshold constraints avoid misjudgment by a single parameter and improve the accuracy of icing judgment.

[0089] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, confirming the icing status and providing a basis for setting subsequent de-icing parameters, the icing layer thickness can be estimated based on the propagation time difference of the dual-frequency signals; utilizing the first propagation time difference Time difference with the second propagation Combined with the preset ultrasonic propagation speed of the insulator body in an ice-free state Through formula Calculate the estimated thickness of the ice layer The core logic of this formula is that ultrasonic waves propagate at different speeds in the ice layer and the insulator body. The greater the ice thickness, the more significant the time difference in the propagation of the dual-frequency signals. The thickness of the ice layer can be deduced by the correlation between propagation speed and time difference.

[0090] Estimated thickness It can not only help verify the icing judgment results (such as when the thickness is close to 0, it can prove that there is no ice), but also provide a reference for the subsequent de-icing power setting. Generally, the greater the icing thickness, the higher the de-icing energy required. The thickness prediction result can serve as an important basis for the adaptation of de-icing parameters, avoiding the problem of insufficient or excessive de-icing power caused by ambiguity in the judgment of the degree of icing.

[0091] Furthermore, after determining the presence of icing, the initial power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal must be determined to ensure that the initial energy can effectively act on the icing layer. The initial power calculation needs to combine the estimated icing thickness with the amplitude attenuation of the dual-frequency signal to construct an initial power calculation model: ,in To preset the baseline de-icing power, This is the thickness influence coefficient (characterizing the degree of influence of icing thickness on power; the larger the thickness, the larger the coefficient value). This is the attenuation effect coefficient (reflecting the energy loss compensation corresponding to the amplitude attenuation; the larger the attenuation, the larger the coefficient value).

[0092] When the icing thickness is estimated When it increases, As the term increases, the initial power The amplitude should be increased accordingly to ensure that the ultrasonic energy can penetrate thicker ice layers and generate sufficient alternating stress; the average amplitude attenuation of the dual-frequency signal should be increased accordingly. When it increases, The increased amplitude compensates for energy loss during ultrasonic wave propagation within the ice layer, preventing insufficient internal stress due to energy attenuation. Simultaneously, the transmitting end of the ultrasonic wave transmitting unit is aligned with the icing area, and the emission direction of the de-icing ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the surface of the iced area of ​​the insulator, minimizing energy loss and ensuring efficient transmission of ultrasonic energy to the icing layer.

[0093] Furthermore, during the de-icing process, the thickness and density of the ice layer continuously change as it breaks and detaches, requiring dynamic optimization of the de-icing power through a power adaptive adjustment model. First, the real-time reflection signal characteristics of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after reflection through the ice layer are extracted, including the real-time amplitude attenuation. Real-time transmission time difference and real-time phase offset The time interval between two adjacent signal acquisitions is set to be Next, calculate the real-time characteristic change rate: amplitude decay change rate. ( (Amplitude attenuation from the previous acquisition) and propagation time change rate ( (Propagation time difference from the previous acquisition), phase shift rate of change ( (This refers to the phase offset from the previous acquisition). These rates of change directly reflect the dynamic process of ice breaking – the greater the rate of change, the faster the ice breaking.

[0094] A power adaptive adjustment model is constructed based on the real-time feature change rate: ,in , , These are the influence weights of amplitude, time, and phase change rate, respectively. , , This is a preset threshold for the optimal feature change rate. When hour, If positive, through The weighting effect increases power and accelerates ice breaking; when hour, If positive, through The weighting effect reduces power to prevent excessive vibration of the insulator body. Simultaneously, a safe range for power adjustment is set. (Preset maximum power threshold), then take ;like (Preset minimum power threshold), then take Ensure that the power adjustment is within a safe and effective range.

[0095] Furthermore, to determine whether de-icing is complete, the ice removal status needs to be confirmed again through dual-frequency signal acquisition and analysis, while avoiding interference between the de-icing signal and the detection signal; firstly, a de-icing status detection cycle should be set. , The value of is related to the initial de-icing power. Positive correlation ( The larger the ice, the faster it breaks apart. (smaller), each interval The process is triggered once; after triggering, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is first controlled to stop emitting de-icing ultrasonic signals, and a preset buffer time is then executed. (Ensure that the residual de-icing signal has completely dissipated), then transmit the first frequency ultrasonic signal and the second frequency ultrasonic signal in sequence, and collect the corresponding third and fourth reflected signals through the ultrasonic receiving unit.

[0096] Considering that ambient temperature affects the propagation characteristics of ultrasound waves, the ambient temperature at the time of data acquisition was recorded simultaneously. Temperature correction is applied to the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals: the amplitude attenuation correction formula is as follows. , The propagation time difference correction formula is: , ,in For the preset reference temperature, This is the amplitude temperature correction factor. This is the time-temperature correction factor. Temperature correction eliminates the interference of ambient temperature fluctuations on signal characteristics, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent judgment results.

[0097] Furthermore, based on the temperature-corrected characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflection signals, a multi-dimensional difference calculation is used to determine whether the icing has been completely cleared. First, the corrected amplitude attenuation of the third reflection signal is extracted. Third propagation time difference and the fourth amplitude attenuation Fourth, the time difference of propagation Next, calculate the fourth characteristic difference value. (Characterizing the difference in amplitude attenuation between the two frequencies after correction), fifth characteristic difference value (Characterizing the difference in propagation time between the two frequencies after correction); Preset ice-free determination threshold , (This threshold is less than the icing determination threshold, corresponding to the slight difference in the dual-frequency signals under icy conditions.) If and This indicates that the propagation characteristics of the dual-frequency signals on the insulator surface (without ice) tend to be consistent, indicating that the ice has been completely removed, and the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to stop working; if or If so, it is determined that residual icing still exists, and , , , The feedback is sent to the power adaptive adjustment model as the initial parameters for the next power adjustment, and the de-icing operation continues until the ice is completely removed.

[0098] This implementation details how to determine icing by comparing the characteristics of dual-frequency signals. By combining multiple parameters such as amplitude attenuation and propagation time difference, misjudgments based on a single signal are avoided, improving the accuracy of icing detection. The power adaptive adjustment model dynamically optimizes power based on real-time reflected signals, addressing both the issues of incomplete de-icing of thick ice and power waste in thin ice under fixed power conditions, and ensuring no damage to insulators through safety threshold constraints. Dual-frequency verification and temperature correction mechanisms guarantee accurate verification of de-icing effects, achieving integrated detection, de-icing, and verification, significantly improving de-icing efficiency and safety.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] This embodiment describes in detail a high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing system for insulators, as shown in the figure. It includes an ultrasonic transmitting module, an ultrasonic receiving module, a signal processing module, an icing judgment module, a power adaptive adjustment module, a de-icing control module, and a system control module. These modules work together to achieve fully automated control of the entire process of insulator icing detection, de-icing, and de-icing effect verification. Specifically, it includes:

[0101] The ultrasonic transmitting module possesses multi-frequency signal generation and power adjustment capabilities. It can precisely transmit first-frequency ultrasonic signals, second-frequency ultrasonic signals, and de-icing ultrasonic signals according to the needs of different working stages. The first and second-frequency ultrasonic signals are primarily used for icing detection and de-icing effect verification, while the de-icing ultrasonic signal is used to generate alternating stress to break up the ice layer. The module can receive external control commands to adjust the frequency (e.g., the specific values ​​of the first and second frequencies can be adapted to the insulator type and common icing thickness) and power of the transmitted signals in real time, ensuring signal adaptability in different scenarios. For example, a low-power signal is used during the icing detection stage to avoid energy waste, while an appropriate power signal is output during the de-icing stage based on the icing condition.

[0102] The ultrasonic receiving module, paired with the ultrasonic transmitting module, is responsible for comprehensively acquiring various reflected signals, including the first and second reflected signals during the icing detection stage, the third and fourth reflected signals during the de-icing effect verification stage, and real-time reflected signals during the de-icing process. The module has a built-in signal receiving element that converts the received ultrasonic mechanical vibration signals into electrical signals and performs preliminary signal stabilization to prevent significant fluctuations in the original signal due to interference. Simultaneously, the module has a signal transmission interface that stably transmits the converted electrical signals to the signal processing module, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent signal analysis. For example, when acquiring real-time reflected signals, it maintains timing synchronization with the transmitting module, avoiding characteristic parameter deviations caused by signal acquisition delays.

[0103] The signal processing module, directly connected to the ultrasonic receiving module, primarily performs multi-step processing on the received electrical signal. First, it removes environmental noise (such as interference signals from wind or equipment vibration) from the electrical signal through a filtering circuit. Then, it amplifies the weak, effective signal to an analyzable range through an amplification circuit. Finally, it further optimizes the signal quality using a noise reduction algorithm (such as wavelet denoising). After signal preprocessing, the module extracts the core characteristic parameters of the signal, including the amplitude attenuation of the reflected signal, the propagation time difference, and the phase shift. These characteristic parameters are then categorized and output to the icing judgment module, the power adaptive adjustment module, and the de-icing judgment module, providing data support for the decision-making of each module. For example, when extracting the phase shift, a specific algorithm is used to calculate the difference in signal phase change to ensure the accuracy of the parameters.

[0104] The icing detection module is used to determine whether ice is present on the surface of the insulator. It is connected to the signal processing module and receives the characteristic parameters (first amplitude attenuation, first propagation time difference, first phase shift, and second amplitude attenuation, second propagation time difference, and second phase shift) of the first and second reflected signals. The module has built-in icing detection logic, which first calculates the difference values ​​of the characteristic parameters of the two types of signals (such as amplitude attenuation difference, propagation time difference, and phase shift difference), and then compares these difference values ​​with a preset icing detection threshold. If all difference values ​​meet the preset threshold conditions, it is determined that icing exists, and the detection result is transmitted to the de-icing control module to start the de-icing process. If any difference value does not meet the threshold, it is determined that there is no ice, and the module will generate a no-ice prompt signal to prevent the system from running ineffectively.

[0105] The power adaptive adjustment module, connected to the signal processing module, can receive real-time reflected signal characteristic parameters (real-time amplitude attenuation, real-time propagation time difference, and real-time phase offset) during the de-icing process. The module has a built-in power adaptive adjustment model that analyzes the dynamic changes in ice breakage based on the received real-time characteristic parameters (e.g., judging ice thickness changes through amplitude attenuation changes and ice integrity through propagation time difference changes), and calculates the adjusted de-icing power by combining it with a preset optimal characteristic change rate threshold. Simultaneously, the module has a power safety limiting function, ensuring that the adjusted power does not exceed preset maximum and minimum power thresholds, preventing damage to insulators from excessive power or incomplete de-icing from insufficient power. The adjusted power parameters are transmitted in real-time to the de-icing control module to update the output power of the de-icing signal.

[0106] The de-icing control module, connected to the icing judgment module, the power adaptive adjustment module, and the ultrasonic transmitting module, is responsible for process scheduling and parameter control. Upon receiving an "icing exists" judgment from the icing judgment module, the module immediately controls the ultrasonic transmitting module to switch to de-icing mode and, based on the initial power output from the initial power calculation model, controls the transmitting module to emit de-icing ultrasonic signals. During the de-icing process, the module continuously receives the adjusted power output from the power adaptive adjustment module and updates the output power of the ultrasonic transmitting module in real time. Furthermore, the module has timing control capabilities; for example, when triggering the de-icing effect verification process, it first controls the transmitting module to stop emitting de-icing signals, and after a preset buffer time, controls it to emit the first and second frequency signals to avoid interference between different types of signals.

[0107] The de-icing judgment module, connected to the signal processing module, receives the characteristic parameters (amplitude attenuation after temperature correction and propagation time difference) of the third and fourth reflected signals during the de-icing effect verification stage. The module first calculates the difference values ​​of the characteristic parameters of the two types of signals after correction, and then compares these difference values ​​with the preset no-ice judgment threshold. If the difference values ​​are all less than or equal to the no-ice judgment threshold, it is determined that the ice has been completely removed, and the "de-icing completed" signal is transmitted to the system control module, which triggers the shutdown process. If the difference values ​​exceed the threshold, it is determined that there is residual ice, and the characteristic parameters corresponding to the residual ice are fed back to the power adaptive adjustment module as the initial basis for the next power adjustment. At the same time, a "continue de-icing" command is sent to the de-icing control module to ensure that the ice is completely removed.

[0108] The system control module establishes connections with the icing detection module, de-icing control module, and de-icing judgment module, and is responsible for coordinating the working timing and data interaction of each module. After the system starts, the module first controls the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving modules to initiate the icing detection process. After the icing detection module outputs its results, if icing is detected, the de-icing control module is triggered to initiate the de-icing process. During the de-icing process, the module monitors the working status of each module in real time to ensure the synchronization of signal transmission, reception, processing, and judgment. When the de-icing judgment module outputs a "de-icing complete" signal, the module controls the ultrasonic transmitting module to stop working and coordinates each module to record the key parameters of this de-icing (such as signal frequency and power adjustment records at each stage). Simultaneously, the parameters can be uploaded to an external storage device as needed to provide data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0109] This embodiment details how multi-module collaboration ensures accurate signal transmission and reception through an ultrasonic transmitting / receiving module, optimizes data quality through a signal processing module to provide a reliable basis for subsequent judgments, and automates the entire de-icing process through clearly defined modules such as icing judgment and adaptive power adjustment, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The system control module coordinates timing to avoid signal interference and monitors module status in real time to ensure operational stability. The overall structure simplifies the complexity of traditional de-icing systems, adapts to different insulator icing scenarios, and improves the efficiency of power grid winter operation and maintenance.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] This embodiment details a high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing device for insulators, as shown in the figure. It includes a high-frequency ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic receiver, and a microcontroller. It also includes a signal conditioning circuit and a fixing structure. All components work together to fully execute the ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators, realizing a complete process from ice accumulation detection and de-icing control to de-icing effect verification. Specifically, it includes:

[0112] The high-frequency ultrasonic generator produces three types of ultrasonic signals: a first-frequency ultrasonic signal, a second-frequency ultrasonic signal, and a de-icing ultrasonic signal. The output power can be flexibly adjusted via an external electrical signal. During the icing detection phase, the generator outputs low-power first and second-frequency signals to avoid energy waste. Once the de-icing phase begins, the power can be increased according to microcontroller instructions to output a suitable de-icing ultrasonic signal. The generator has a built-in frequency adjustment unit that can adjust the specific frequency values ​​of the first and second-frequency signals according to the type of insulator (e.g., porcelain or composite insulators) and common icing conditions, ensuring the signal matches the detection requirements. It also features a stable power output function to prevent sudden changes in signal power due to voltage fluctuations, ensuring the stability of detection accuracy and de-icing effect.

[0113] The ultrasonic transducer, crucial for connecting electrical signals and mechanical vibration, connects directly to a high-frequency ultrasonic generator. Made of piezoelectric ceramic (which boasts excellent electromechanical energy conversion efficiency, effectively converting electrical signals into mechanical vibrations), it converts the electrical signal output from the high-frequency ultrasonic generator into the required mechanical vibration, which is then emitted onto the insulator surface. To adapt to different insulator shapes (such as cylindrical bodies or shed structures), the transducer's emission angle can be fine-tuned via an adjustable structure. For example, to address icing on the edges of the insulator sheds, the angle can be adjusted to ensure the ultrasonic signal precisely targets that area. The transducer's vibration output end also features a suitable contact layer that fits tightly against the insulator surface, reducing ultrasonic energy loss during transmission and ensuring efficient energy transfer to the icing layer or the insulator body.

[0114] The ultrasonic receiver is paired with an ultrasonic transducer and is specifically designed to receive various reflected ultrasonic mechanical vibration signals. Its receiving range covers the first and second reflected signals during the icing detection stage, the third and fourth reflected signals during the de-icing effect verification stage, and the real-time reflected signals during the de-icing process. The receiver has a built-in high-sensitivity vibration sensing element that can capture weak reflected vibration signals and quickly convert them into electrical signals. To reduce environmental interference (such as wind and equipment vibration), the receiver also has a shielding structure that can filter out some external interference signals, ensuring that the converted electrical signal can accurately reflect the true state of the ultrasonic waves after interacting with icing and insulators. The converted electrical signal is transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit through a dedicated interface to provide a high-quality raw signal for subsequent processing.

[0115] The microcontroller, as the control core of the device, is electrically connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator and signal conditioning circuit. It executes the de-icing method and has pre-stored complete program code for the ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking de-icing method for insulators. It can coordinate the work of each component according to the program logic: In the icing detection stage, it sends instructions to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator to control it to emit the first and second frequency signals in sequence, while receiving the characteristic parameters processed by the signal conditioning circuit to determine whether icing exists; if icing is determined, it immediately switches to de-icing mode, controls the generator to output de-icing ultrasonic signals, and calculates the adjusted de-icing power based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signals, updating the generator's output power; during the de-icing process, it also periodically triggers the de-icing effect verification process, controls the generator to emit the first and second frequency signals, and combines the reflected signals to determine whether the icing has been completely removed, until the icing is cleared and the generator stops working.

[0116] Supporting components, specifically including:

[0117] The signal conditioning circuit, connected to the ultrasonic receiver and microcontroller, primarily preprocesses the electrical signal transmitted from the receiver. First, a filtering circuit removes high-frequency noise and environmental interference. Then, an amplification circuit amplifies the weak, effective signal to a range recognizable and analyzable by the microcontroller. Finally, the signal is regulated to prevent misinterpretations by the microcontroller due to signal fluctuations. The processed signal is then transmitted to the microcontroller, providing reliable data support for feature parameter extraction and subsequent decision-making.

[0118] The fixed structure is used to stably fix the ultrasonic transducer and ultrasonic receiver to the insulator. Its material is an insulating composite material (to avoid affecting the insulation performance of the insulator). The structure is designed to fit the shape of the insulator and can fit tightly to the insulator body or the skirt area. The fixed structure also has a buffer layer to reduce the transmission of transducer vibration to the fixed structure and prevent the device from loosening. It is also adjustable, and the fixing position can be adjusted according to the diameter, length and other parameters of the insulator to ensure that the transducer and receiver can be aligned with the target area (such as the base of the skirt which is prone to icing), and to ensure accurate transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals.

[0119] This embodiment details how a high-frequency ultrasonic generator and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer ensure efficient energy conversion and reduce signal loss; a microcontroller with a built-in complete program enables the method to be implemented; adjustable transducer angle and insulation fixing structure adapt to different insulator shapes, ensuring accurate signal application to the target area; the device integrates detection and de-icing functions, requires no additional equipment, is highly portable, and can work stably in complex field environments, providing reliable hardware support for insulator de-icing and reducing the risk of power grid accidents.

[0120] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations, and parameter changes made to these embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, through conventional substitutions or to achieve the same function, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing of insulators, characterized in that, include: The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a first frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the first reflected signal after the first frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator is collected. The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to emit a second frequency ultrasonic signal toward the surface of the insulator, and the ultrasonic receiving unit collects the second reflected signal after the second frequency ultrasonic signal is reflected by the surface of the insulator. Based on the characteristic differences between the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, it is determined whether there is ice on the surface of the insulator. The characteristic differences include the amplitude attenuation, propagation time difference and phase offset of the reflected signal. If icing is detected, a de-icing ultrasonic signal with a preset initial power is emitted to the icing area of ​​the insulator, and alternating stress is generated inside the icing layer through the de-icing ultrasonic signal. The real-time reflected signal of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after being reflected by the ice layer is continuously collected through the ultrasonic receiving unit. Based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signal, a power adaptive adjustment model is constructed to calculate and adjust the power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal. The ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to sequentially transmit ultrasonic signals of the first frequency and the second frequency, and the corresponding third and fourth reflected signals are collected. Based on the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals, it is determined whether the ice on the surface of the insulator has been completely removed. If it is determined that it has been completely removed, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to stop working. If it is determined that there is still residual ice, the power is adjusted to continue de-icing through the power adaptive adjustment model.

2. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether there is ice accumulation on the insulator surface based on the characteristic differences between the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal includes: Extract the first amplitude attenuation of the first reflected signal First transmission time difference and the first phase offset Extract the second amplitude attenuation of the second reflected signal. Second propagation time difference and the second phase offset ; Calculate the first feature difference value Second characteristic difference value The third characteristic difference value ; Preset icing detection threshold ,like and and If the difference value of any feature is less than the corresponding threshold, then the surface of the insulator is determined to be covered with ice; if any feature difference value is less than the corresponding threshold, then the surface of the insulator is determined to be free of ice.

3. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that, If icing is detected, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled to switch to de-icing mode, transmitting a de-icing ultrasonic signal with a preset initial power to the iced area of ​​the insulator, including: Based on the first propagation time difference Time difference with the second propagation Combined with the sound wave propagation speed of the insulator body Calculate the estimated thickness of the ice layer. The calculation formula is: ,in The preset ultrasonic wave propagation speed of the insulator body in an ice-free state; Based on the estimated thickness and the first amplitude attenuation Second amplitude attenuation An initial power calculation model was constructed to determine the initial power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal. The calculation formula is: ,in To preset the baseline de-icing power, For thickness influence coefficient, This is the attenuation effect coefficient; The transmitting end of the ultrasonic wave transmitting unit is aimed at the icy area, and the power is adjusted according to the predetermined initial power. The ultrasonic signal for de-icing is emitted, and the direction of the emission of the ultrasonic signal is perpendicular to the surface of the ice-covered area of ​​the insulator, so as to ensure that the ultrasonic energy is efficiently transmitted to the ice layer.

4. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the de-icing process, the real-time reflected signal of the de-icing ultrasonic signal after reflection by the ice layer is continuously acquired through an ultrasonic receiving unit. A power adaptive adjustment model is constructed based on the characteristic changes of the real-time reflected signal. This model is used to calculate and adjust the power of the de-icing ultrasonic signal, including: Real-time extraction of the real-time amplitude attenuation of the real-time reflected signal Real-time transmission time difference and real-time phase offset The time interval between two adjacent signal acquisitions is set to be ; Calculate the real-time characteristic change rate: amplitude decay change rate Propagation time variation rate Phase offset change rate ,in , , These are the feature parameters from the previous acquisition; Construct a power adaptive adjustment model based on the current de-icing power. Based on this, the adjusted power is calculated using real-time characteristic change rate. The calculation formula is: ,in, The weighting is determined by the rate of change of amplitude. Weights are assigned to the rate of change over time. The weights are determined by the rate of phase change. , , The preset optimal feature change rate threshold; when hour, The same applies to and ; If the calculation yields Greater than the preset maximum power threshold Then take ;like Less than the preset minimum power threshold Then take Ensure that the power adjustment is within a safe and effective range.

5. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is necessary to determine whether de-icing is complete, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is controlled again to sequentially transmit a first frequency ultrasonic signal and a second frequency ultrasonic signal, and the corresponding third and fourth reflection signals are collected, including: Set the de-icing status detection cycle Each interval Trigger a de-icing completion judgment process, and The value of is related to the initial de-icing power. Positive correlation, that is The larger, The smaller; When the judgment process is triggered, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is first controlled to stop emitting de-icing ultrasonic signals, after a preset buffer time. Then, the first frequency ultrasonic signal and the second frequency ultrasonic signal are emitted in sequence to avoid mutual interference between the de-icing signal and the detection signal; The ultrasonic receiving unit collects the third reflection signal of the first frequency ultrasonic signal after reflection from the insulator surface, and the fourth reflection signal of the second frequency ultrasonic signal after reflection from the insulator surface, and records the ambient temperature at the time of collection to correct the characteristic parameters of the reflection signal.

6. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of whether the ice on the insulator surface has been completely cleared based on the characteristic parameters of the third and fourth reflected signals includes: Extract the third amplitude attenuation of the third reflected signal Third propagation time difference Extract the fourth amplitude attenuation of the fourth reflected signal. Fourth, the time difference of propagation ; Combined with the ambient temperature at the time of data collection Temperature correction is applied to the characteristic parameters: , , , ,in For the preset reference temperature, This is the amplitude temperature correction factor. This is a time-temperature correction factor; Calculate the fourth feature difference value Fifth characteristic difference value ; Preset ice-free determination threshold , ,like and If the ice on the insulator surface is completely removed, it is determined that the ice has been completely removed; otherwise, it is determined that residual ice still exists, and [the process will be adjusted accordingly]. , , , The feedback is fed back to the power adaptive adjustment model as the initial parameters for the next power adjustment.

7. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjusted power is calculated using a power adaptive adjustment model. After that, it also includes: Introducing the ice breaking efficiency coefficient , ,in for The ice-covered area is estimated in real time using reflected signals. for The area of ​​ice cover at any given moment; when At that time, the weight coefficients in the power adaptive adjustment model are corrected. The preset minimum crushing efficiency coefficient. , The influence of amplitude and time rate of change on power adjustment, among which , These are the corresponding preset weight correction coefficients; when and At the same time, maintain the weighting coefficients , , constant, To preset the optimal crushing efficiency coefficient; when At that time, the weighting coefficients are adjusted: This enhances the suppression effect of phase change rate on power adjustment, preventing excessive power from causing excessive vibration of the insulator body. This is the preset weight correction coefficient.

8. The ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, After the ultrasonic transmitting unit stops working, the following is also included: Record the key parameters during this de-icing process, including the first frequency, the second frequency, the initial de-icing power, the power adjusted at each time, the number of power adjustments, the total de-icing time, the characteristic parameters of the reflected signals at each stage, and the ambient temperature. The key parameters are stored in the de-icing database, and the parameters of the power adaptive adjustment model are optimized based on historical data. , ,in The historical average initial power, The current initial power, This represents the historical average crushing efficiency coefficient. This represents the current crushing efficiency coefficient. , The preset parameter optimization coefficients, , These are the optimized impact coefficients.

9. A high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice-breaking and de-icing system for insulators, characterized in that, include: An ultrasonic transmitting module is used to transmit a first frequency ultrasonic signal, a second frequency ultrasonic signal, and a de-icing ultrasonic signal. The frequency and power of the transmitted signal can be adjusted according to control commands. An ultrasonic receiving module is used to collect a first reflected signal, a second reflected signal, a third reflected signal, a fourth reflected signal, and a real-time reflected signal, and convert the reflected signals into electrical signals for output. The signal processing module, connected to the ultrasonic receiving module, is used to filter, amplify, reduce noise, and extract feature parameters from the received electrical signal, and output the feature parameters. An icing detection module is connected to the signal processing module to determine whether there is ice on the surface of the insulator. A power adaptive adjustment module, connected to the signal processing module, has a built-in power adaptive adjustment model for receiving real-time characteristic parameters and calculating the adjusted de-icing power. The de-icing control module is connected to the icing judgment module, the power adaptive adjustment module, and the ultrasonic transmitting module. When it is determined that there is icing, it controls the ultrasonic transmitting module to switch to the de-icing mode and outputs the de-icing power. At the same time, it receives the adjustment command from the power adaptive adjustment module and updates the de-icing power. The de-icing judgment module, connected to the signal processing module, is used to determine whether the ice has been completely removed based on the corrected feature parameters. The system control module is connected to the icing judgment module, the de-icing control module, and the de-icing judgment module, and is used to control the coordination of each module.

10. A high-frequency ultrasonic stress-induced ice-breaking and de-icing device for insulators, characterized in that, include: A high-frequency ultrasonic generator is used to generate a first-frequency ultrasonic signal, a second-frequency ultrasonic signal, and a de-icing ultrasonic signal, and its output power can be adjusted by an electrical signal. An ultrasonic transducer, connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator, is made of piezoelectric ceramic material and is used to convert the electrical signal output by the high-frequency ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration, which is then emitted as an ultrasonic signal onto the surface of the insulator. The emission angle can be finely adjusted by adjusting the structure. An ultrasonic receiver, paired with the ultrasonic transducer, is used to receive the reflected ultrasonic mechanical vibration signal and convert it into an electrical signal. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the high-frequency ultrasonic generator and the signal conditioning circuit. The microcontroller has built-in program code for an ultrasonic stress-induced ice layer breaking and de-icing method for insulators.

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