Novel boiler for burning solid waste

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel boiler for burning solid waste, and relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment equipment. The boiler comprises a boiler body, a hearth is formed in the boiler body, a fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the hearth and comprises a driving fire grate segment and a driven fire grate segment, the driving fire grate segment is connected with a driving device, a feeding pipe is arranged on one side of the hearth and connected with a feeding device, and the feeding device comprises a hopper and a spiral feeder arranged in the hopper. A plurality of nozzles are arranged at the top of the hearth and connected with an air inlet pipe, and the top end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the top end of the boiler body to be connected with a fan. The driving fire grate segment and the driven fire grate segment are arranged, the driving fire grate segment and the driven fire grate segment are connected through the protruding block and are matched with the guide rod for guiding, it is ensured that solid waste stably and orderly moves in a hearth, the standing time is prolonged, sufficient combustion is promoted, meanwhile, the moving speed of the driving fire grate segment is accurately controlled, and the solid waste is combusted under the optimal condition; the combustion efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to solid waste treatment equipment technical field, concretely relates to a new -type boiler of solid waste combustion. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the generation of solid waste is increasing, and the reasonable treatment and recycling of energy from solid waste become an important issue.

[0003] Traditional solid waste combustion boiler has some deficiencies in practical application, for example, solid waste combustion is not sufficient, which leads to low energy utilization rate, and may also produce a large amount of incomplete combustion products, polluting the environment, and moreover, some existing boilers have poor adaptability to different types, shapes and sizes of solid waste, and are difficult to meet the diversified solid waste treatment demand, in addition, in the aspect of environmental protection, the flue gas treatment system of part of the boiler is not perfect, and the emission of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter cannot be effectively reduced, which is difficult to meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection standards.

[0004] Therefore, the utility model is provided. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0005] The utility model solves the problems in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the basic idea of the technical scheme of the utility model is:

[0007] The utility model discloses a new -type boiler of solid waste combustion, which comprises a boiler body, a hearth is formed in the boiler body, a grate is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, the grate comprises a driving grate piece and a driven grate piece, the driving grate piece is connected with a driving device, a feeding pipe is arranged on one side of the hearth, the feeding pipe is connected with a feeding device, the feeding device comprises a hopper and a screw feeder arranged in the hopper, a plurality of nozzles are arranged at the top of the hearth, the nozzles are connected with an air inlet pipe, the top end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the top end of the boiler body and is connected with a fan, the rear part of the hearth is connected with a smoke pipe, the tail end of the smoke pipe is connected with a flue gas treatment device, the top end of the flue gas treatment device is connected with a chimney, and the flue gas treatment device comprises a desulfurization tower, a denitration device and a bag-type dust collector connected in sequence.

[0008] Optionally, the driving device comprises a motor arranged on the side wall of the boiler body, the output end of the motor is connected with a lead screw, and the lead screw penetrates through the boiler body and the driving grate piece and is rotationally connected with the side wall of the hearth.

[0009] Optionally, the driving grate piece and the driven grate piece are connected through a lug, a guide rod is arranged between the left and right side walls of the hearth, and the guide rod penetrates through the driven grate piece.

[0010] Optionally, the plurality of said nozzles are distributed in a matrix, and an air preheater is installed above the connection between the air inlet pipe and the nozzles.

[0011] Optionally, a superheater and an economizer are sequentially arranged in the smoke pipe.

[0012] Optionally, the surface of the boiler body is further provided with a water level gauge, a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

[0013] Optionally, the helical blade pitch and diameter of the screw feeder are optimized according to the physical properties of common solid wastes, and the screw feeder is driven by a variable frequency motor.

[0014] After the above technical scheme is adopted, the present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art, of course, any product implementing the present application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described below:

[0015] 1. By arranging the driving grate piece and the driven grate piece, the driving grate piece and the driven grate piece are connected through the protruding block and guided by the guide rod, so that the solid wastes are stably and orderly moved in the hearth, the residence time is prolonged, the combustion is promoted, the moving speed of the driving grate piece is accurately controlled, the solid wastes are combusted under the optimal conditions, and the combustion efficiency is improved;

[0016] 2. By arranging the nozzles, the nozzles are distributed in a matrix on the top of the hearth, the air is uniformly introduced into the hearth, the sufficient oxygen is provided for the solid wastes in each region, the air is preheated by the air preheater, the combustion temperature of the hearth is increased, the combustion reaction speed is accelerated, the combustion is further improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved;

[0017] 3. By arranging the flue, the superheater and the economizer are arranged in the flue, the superheater heats the saturated steam into superheated steam, the steam quality is improved for power generation, heat supply and the like, the energy output is increased, the economizer preheats the boiler feed water by using the flue gas waste heat, the fuel consumption is reduced, the exhaust gas temperature is reduced, the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the efficient utilization of energy is realized.

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings. In the drawings,

[0020] In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the overall rear view structure;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the sectional structure of the boiler body;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the driven grate plate and the driving grate plate;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the sectional structure of the rear view of the boiler body;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the sectional structure of the feeding pipe.

[0027] In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0028] 1, boiler body; 2, hopper; 3, feeding pipe; 4, screw feeder; 5, motor; 6, fan; 7, air inlet pipe; 8, air preheater; 9, chimney; 10, guide rod; 11, screw rod; 12, driven grate plate; 13, driving grate plate; 14, nozzle; 15, flue; 16, furnace; 17, flue gas treatment device.

[0029] It should be noted that these drawings and written descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In the early stage of industrial development, as the amount of solid waste gradually increased, people began to try to use boilers to burn and treat solid waste, aiming to achieve waste reduction and a certain degree of energy recovery. The early solid waste combustion boiler structure was relatively simple, mostly based on the transformation of traditional coal-fired boilers. These boilers usually used fixed grates to place solid waste on the grate for combustion. However, this method has many problems, such as uneven solid waste combustion, often with insufficient local combustion, resulting in a large amount of unburned material being discharged, not only wasting resources, but also causing serious environmental pollution. Moreover, due to the lack of effective feeding control devices, the solid waste feeding speed is difficult to accurately adjust, which makes the combustion conditions in the furnace unstable, further affecting the combustion efficiency,

[0032] With the improvement of solid waste treatment requirements and the enhancement of environmental awareness, researchers and engineers began to improve the solid waste incineration boiler. In the aspect of grate, movable chain grate was developed. The driving grate piece is connected with the driving device through chain wheel, which drives the driven grate piece to move, so that the solid waste can move continuously and slowly in the hearth, thereby prolonging the residence time of solid waste in the hearth and significantly improving the combustion effect. At the same time, the feeding device has also been optimized, and the screw feeder has appeared, which can relatively stably deliver solid waste to the hearth, to a certain extent, improving the uniformity and stability of feeding. In addition, in order to strengthen the oxygen supply in the combustion process, a simple air inlet is arranged on the side or top of the hearth, but the air distribution is still not uniform enough to fully meet the needs of complete combustion of solid waste,

[0033] With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, higher requirements are put forward for the flue gas emission of solid waste incineration boiler. During this period, the flue gas treatment system becomes the research focus, and the boiler begins to be equipped with special desulfurization device, such as limestone-gypsum desulfurization technology. By spraying limestone slurry in the absorption tower, it reacts with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to remove most of the sulfur dioxide. Denitration technology is also gradually applied, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration, which uses ammonia to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water under the action of catalyst. At the same time, bag filter or electrostatic precipitator is widely used to remove particulate matter in flue gas, so that flue gas emission gradually reaches environmental standards. At this stage, the automation level of the boiler has also been improved. By installing various sensors and control systems, the operating parameters of the boiler can be monitored and adjusted in real time, such as temperature, pressure, water level, etc., which further improves the combustion efficiency and operation stability.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1-6 In the embodiment, a new type of boiler for burning solid waste is provided, which comprises a boiler body 1, a hearth 16 is formed in the inside of the boiler body 1, a grate is arranged at the bottom of the hearth 16, the grate comprises a driving grate piece 13 and a driven grate piece 12, the driving grate piece 13 is connected with a driving device, a feeding pipe 3 is arranged on one side of the hearth 16, the feeding pipe 3 is connected with a feeding device, the feeding device comprises a hopper 2 and a screw feeder 4 arranged in the hopper 2, a plurality of nozzles 14 are arranged at the top of the hearth 16, the nozzles 14 are connected with an air inlet pipe 7, the top end of the air inlet pipe 7 penetrates through the top end of the boiler body 1 and is connected with a fan 6, the rear part of the hearth 16 is connected with a smoke pipe 15, the end of the smoke pipe 15 is connected with a flue gas treatment device 17, the top end of the flue gas treatment device 17 is connected with a chimney 9, and the flue gas treatment device 17 comprises a desulfurization tower, a denitration device and a bag filter connected in sequence.

[0035] The boiler body 1 is the main structure of the whole device, which serves to accommodate and support various components, provides space for combustion and heat transfer, and the grate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace 16 and is composed of the driving grate piece 13 and the driven grate piece 12, which can carry solid waste and make it move orderly in the furnace 16 to achieve full combustion, the driving grate piece 13 is connected to the driving device and moves under the driving of the driving device, which is the power starting point of the grate movement, the driven grate piece 12 cooperates with the driving grate piece 13 and moves following the movement of the driving grate piece 13, together forming a continuous and movable plane to ensure that the solid waste moves smoothly on the grate from the feeding end to the discharging end, the driving device provides power for the driving grate piece 13 to enable it to move in a set manner; the feeding pipe 3 is connected to the feeding device and the furnace 16, which is the channel for the solid waste to enter the furnace 16, the feeding device includes the hopper 2 and the screw feeder 4, which is used to quantitatively and stably deliver the solid waste into the furnace 16, the hopper 2 is used to store the solid waste to be combusted and serves as a certain buffer and reserve to ensure that the continuity of combustion is not affected by insufficient feeding during the feeding process, the screw feeder 4 is arranged inside the hopper 2 and pushes the solid waste in the hopper 2 along the direction of the screw shaft to the feeding pipe 3 and then into the furnace 16 through the rotation of the screw blade, the screw feeder 4 can accurately control the feeding amount by adjusting the rotation speed to adapt to different combustion conditions and ensure that the combustion process in the furnace 16 proceeds stably; a plurality of nozzles 14 are arranged at the top of the furnace 16, which serves to uniformly introduce air into the furnace 16 to provide sufficient oxygen for the combustion of the solid waste, the air inlet pipe 7 is connected to the nozzle 14 and the fan 6, which is the channel for air to enter the furnace 16, air is delivered to the nozzle 14 through the air inlet pipe 7 under the action of the fan 6 and finally enters the furnace 16 to participate in combustion, the fan 6 is installed at the top end of the air inlet pipe 7 and penetrates the top end of the boiler body 1 to provide power for the whole air inlet system, overcome the resistance of air flowing in the pipeline and the furnace 16, and ensure that enough air enters the furnace 16 to meet the oxygen demand of combustion, the smoke pipe 15 is connected to the rear part of the furnace 16, the high-temperature flue gas generated after the combustion of the solid waste enters the subsequent treatment equipment through the smoke pipe 15, the flue gas treatment device 17 purifies the flue gas generated by combustion to reduce the content of pollutants in it and discharge it into the atmosphere after meeting the environmental protection emission standard, which includes a desulfurization tower, a denitration device and a bag-type dust collector connected in sequence, the desulfurization tower is mainly used for removing sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, the denitration device is used for removing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, and the bag-type dust collector filters and intercepts particulate matters in the flue gas by using filter bags, and the chimney 9 is connected to the top end of the flue gas treatment device 17, the standard flue gas after purification treatment is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 9.

[0036] In the embodiment, the driving device comprises a motor 5 located at the side wall of the boiler body 1, the output end of the motor 5 is connected with a lead screw 11, the lead screw 11 penetrates through the boiler body 1 and is rotationally connected with the side wall of the furnace 16 through the driving grate plate 13 and the driven grate plate 12, the driving grate plate 13 and the driven grate plate 12 are connected through the protruding block, the guide rod 10 is connected between the left and right side walls of the furnace 16, the guide rod 10 penetrates through the driven grate plate 12, when the motor 5 drives the lead screw 11 to rotate, since the lead screw 11 is connected with the driving grate plate 13 through thread cooperation or other connection modes, the driving grate plate 13 will move linearly along the axial direction of the lead screw 11, this transmission mode can accurately control the moving speed and position of the driving grate plate 13, thereby realizing effective control on the moving speed of the solid waste on the grate, the protruding block connection structure is simple and reliable, which can ensure the synchronous movement between the driving grate plate 13 and the driven grate plate 12, ensure that the solid waste on the grate can move uniformly in the furnace 16, the guide rod 10 provides guidance for the movement of the driven grate plate 12, so that the driven grate plate 12 can only move along the direction of the guide rod 10, avoiding the deviation or shaking of the driven grate plate 12 in the movement process, ensuring the stability and reliability of the grate movement, meanwhile, the guide rod 10 also helps to share part of the force borne by the driven grate plate 12 in the movement process, prolonging the service life of the grate.

[0037] The plurality of air outlets 14 are distributed in a matrix manner, so that the air enters the furnace 16 more uniformly, ensuring that each area in the furnace 16 can obtain sufficient oxygen, thereby promoting the sufficient combustion of the solid waste, the matrix distribution can be reasonably designed according to the shape and size of the furnace 16, so as to optimize the air distribution effect and improve the combustion efficiency, the air preheater 8 is installed above the connection position between the air inlet pipe 7 and the air outlet 14, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the boiler is used to preheat the air entering the furnace 16, the temperature of the preheated air is increased, which can increase the combustion temperature in the furnace 16 after entering the furnace 16, accelerate the combustion reaction speed, make the solid waste combustion more sufficient, meanwhile, it is also helpful to reduce fuel consumption and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler, the air preheater 8 plays an important role in energy recovery and utilization in the whole boiler system.

[0038] The superheater is located in the flue, and its function is to further heat the saturated steam from the furnace 16 to make it into superheated steam. The economizer is installed after the superheater in the flue. It uses the waste heat of the flue gas to heat the boiler feed water. Through the economizer, the feed water is preheated before entering the boiler, which increases the water temperature entering the boiler, reduces the fuel consumption, improves the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler, effectively recovers part of the heat in the flue gas, reduces the exhaust gas temperature, and reduces energy waste. The surface of the boiler body 1 is also provided with a water level gauge, a pressure gauge and a safety valve. The water level gauge is installed on the surface of the boiler body 1 and is used to monitor the water level in the boiler in real time. The pressure gauge is also arranged on the surface of the boiler body 1 and is used to measure the pressure inside the boiler. During the operation of the boiler, the internal pressure needs to be kept within a certain range. Excessive pressure may cause dangerous accidents such as boiler explosion. The pressure gauge can display the pressure value in the boiler in real time, and the operator can adjust the combustion condition, discharge steam, etc. in time according to the pressure data to ensure that the boiler pressure is within the safe range. When the internal pressure of the boiler exceeds the set safety value, the safety valve will automatically open to discharge the steam in the boiler to reduce the pressure and prevent the pressure from continuing to rise and causing safety accidents. When the pressure decreases to a certain extent, the safety valve will automatically close to ensure the normal operation of the boiler.

[0039] The pitch and diameter of the helical blade of the screw feeder 4 are optimized according to the physical properties of common solid waste, so that the screw feeder 4 can more effectively transport solid waste. The screw feeder 4 is driven by a variable frequency motor 5. During the operation of the boiler, different combustion stages or different types of solid waste may require different feeding speeds. By adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency motor 5, the speed of the screw feeder 4 can be accurately controlled, thereby realizing precise control of the feeding amount. This flexibility helps to maintain stable combustion conditions in the furnace 16, improves combustion efficiency, and better adapts to different production needs.

[0040] Working principle:

[0041] The solid waste is firstly stored in the hopper 2, the variable frequency motor 5 drives the screw feeder 4, according to the requirement of the combustion condition, the rotation speed of the screw feeder 4 is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the motor 5, the solid waste in the hopper 2 is quantitatively and stably sent to the grate of the furnace 16 through the feeding pipe 3, then the motor 5 drives the screw rod 11 to rotate, drives the driving grate piece 13 to move linearly along the axial direction of the screw rod 11, the driving grate piece 13 drives the driven grate piece 12 to move synchronously through the protruding block, so that the solid waste on the grate moves from the feeding end to the discharging end in the furnace 16, the air is sent into the furnace 16 through the air inlet pipe 7 by the fan 6, the air is preheated by the air preheater 8, and then is uniformly sent into the furnace 16 from the matrix type distribution nozzles 14 on the top of the furnace 16, and is fully contacted with the solid waste and is combusted, the heat generated by the combustion converts the water in the furnace 16 into saturated steam, the saturated steam is further heated into superheated steam by the superheater in the flue, and the superheated steam can be used for power generation, heat supply and the like, meanwhile, the coal economizer preheats the boiler feed water by using the waste heat of the flue gas, and the energy utilization rate is improved;

[0042] The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is sequentially sent into the flue gas treatment device 17 after passing through the heater and the coal economizer, the sulfur dioxide is removed in the desulfurization tower, the nitrogen oxides are removed in the denitration device, the particulate matters are filtered in the bag-type dust collector, and the purified flue gas is discharged through the chimney 9.

[0043] The utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, any person should know the structural change made under the inspiration of the utility model, any technical scheme with the same or similar utility model falls into the protection scope of the utility model, and the utility model is not described in detail, and the technical, shape and structure parts are known technology.

Claims

1. A novel boiler for burning solid waste, characterized in that, Include: The boiler body (1), the hearth (16) is opened inside, the hearth (16) bottom is provided with grate, the grate includes driving grate piece (13) and driven grate piece (12), the driving grate piece (13) is connected driving device; The hearth (16) one side is equipped with feeding pipe (3), the feeding pipe (3) is connected to the feeding device, the feeding device includes hopper (2) and the screw feeder (4) arranged in hopper (2); The hearth (16) top is provided with multiple spouts (14), the spout (14) is connected with air inlet pipe (7), the air inlet pipe (7) top end penetrates the boiler body (1) top end and is connected with fan (6), the hearth (16) rear part is connected with flue (15), the flue (15) end is connected with flue gas treatment device (17), the flue gas treatment device (17) top end is connected with chimney (9), the flue gas treatment device (17) includes desulfurization tower, denitration device and bag-type dust collector connected in sequence.

2. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The driving device includes motor (5) located in the side wall of boiler body (1), the motor (5) output end is connected with lead screw (11), the lead screw (11) penetrates the boiler body (1) and driving grate piece (13) and is rotationally connected with the side wall of hearth (16).

3. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The driving grate piece (13) and driven grate piece (12) are connected by protruding block, the guide rod (10) is connected between the left and right side walls of hearth (16), and the guide rod (10) penetrates the driven grate piece (12).

4. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Multiple spouts (14) are distributed in matrix, and air preheater (8) is installed above the connection between air inlet pipe (7) and spout (14).

5. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The superheater and coal-saving device are sequentially arranged in the flue (15).

6. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The boiler body (1) surface is also provided with water level gauge, pressure gauge and safety valve.

7. The novel boiler for burning solid waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The helical pitch and diameter of the helical blade of the screw feeder (4) are optimized and designed according to the physical properties of common solid waste, and the screw feeder (4) is driven by variable frequency motor (5).

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