Photocatalytic reaction bin
By employing fastening components and a multi-layer gasket structure in the photocatalytic reactor, the problem of the catalytic reaction chamber being difficult to disassemble has been solved, achieving both disassembly and airtightness of the reaction chamber, thus improving operational convenience and performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520175656.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-26
AI Technical Summary
The catalytic reaction chamber of existing photocatalytic reactors is difficult to disassemble and replace, which makes maintenance inconvenient and affects the performance.
A photocatalytic reaction chamber was designed, which uses fastening components to connect the reaction channel and the end cap, including sealing gaskets and fasteners to ensure airtightness. The sealing effect is improved by using light-transmitting materials and PTFE materials for sealing gaskets. Combined with a multi-layer gasket structure to distribute the force evenly, it achieves disassembly.
The photocatalytic reaction chamber is removable and easy to replace, improving operational convenience and practicality, and ensuring the airtightness and safety of the reaction.
Smart Images
Figure CN223761012U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photocatalytic equipment technology, and in particular to a photocatalytic reaction chamber. Background Technology
[0002] Photocatalysis is a hot research area in organic synthesis in recent years, and is considered an effective method to solve the energy and environmental crisis. Photocatalysis effectively optimizes reaction conditions, improves energy utilization efficiency, and enables highly efficient redox, coupling, and cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. Furthermore, photocatalysis can achieve reactions that are difficult to achieve using traditional methods, effectively controlling the extent of the reaction, reducing side reactions, and improving the safety and reliability of the reaction.
[0003] In the research and application of photocatalysis, a photocatalytic reactor is an essential reaction device. A photocatalytic reactor includes: a catalytic reaction chamber, which is hollow and forms a reaction channel with an inlet and an outlet; and a catalyst that catalyzes the reaction of the medium flowing through the catalytic reaction chamber.
[0004] Photocatalytic reactors typically have a fixed frame, with the catalytic reaction chamber fixed to the frame. To ensure that the medium in the catalytic reaction chamber does not leak, the catalytic reaction chamber is usually fixed to the frame by non-removable methods such as welding. As a result, when the catalytic reaction chamber fails, it is difficult to replace; thus, the maintenance and use of photocatalytic reactors are not ideal. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a photocatalytic reaction chamber.
[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, this application provides a photocatalytic reaction chamber, comprising: a reaction channel for the entry and exit of a reaction medium to facilitate a catalytic reaction within it; an end cap for connecting the reaction channel and external components; and a fastening assembly for connecting the reaction channel and the end cap. The reaction channel includes: a port for the entry and exit of the reaction medium, and a flange extending circumferentially from the port. The fastening assembly includes: a sealing gasket disposed between the flange and the end cap, the sealing gasket sealing the gap between the flange and the end cap. The fastening assembly further includes: a fastener that sequentially penetrates the flange, the sealing gasket, and the end cap to fasten the flange, the sealing gasket, and the end cap.
[0007] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the outer wall of the reaction channel and the flange are made of a light-transmitting material;
[0008] And / or, the sealing gasket is made of PTFE material.
[0009] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, a first gasket is provided on the end face of the flange where the sealing gasket is not provided;
[0010] The first gasket is made of rubber.
[0011] The fasteners sequentially penetrate the first gasket, the flange, the sealing gasket, and the end cap.
[0012] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the first gasket is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction channel; the inner wall of the first gasket is spaced apart from the outer wall of the reaction channel.
[0013] And / or, the first gasket includes: at least two first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets, the first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets being spliced together end to end to form the first gasket;
[0014] Each of the first annular arc-shaped sub-wafers has at least one first screw hole through which the fastener passes; the number of fasteners is the same as the number of first screw holes.
[0015] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the fastening assembly further includes:
[0016] A second gasket is disposed on the end face of the first gasket that is not connected to the flange;
[0017] The second gasket is made of hard metal.
[0018] The fasteners sequentially penetrate the second gasket, the first gasket, the flange, the sealing gasket, and the end cap.
[0019] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the sealing gasket is an annular gasket, and the thickness of the sealing gasket is [1mm, 3mm];
[0020] And / or, the thickness of the first gasket is [3mm, 8mm];
[0021] And / or, the thickness of the second gasket is [4mm, 10mm].
[0022] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the second gasket is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction channel; the inner wall of the second gasket is spaced apart from the outer wall of the reaction channel.
[0023] And / or, the second gasket includes: at least two second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets, the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets being spliced together end to end to form the second gasket;
[0024] Each of the second annular arc-shaped sub-wafers has at least one second through hole through which the fastener passes; the number of fasteners is the same as the number of second through holes.
[0025] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the number of the second gaskets is set to at least two layers;
[0026] Along the axial direction of the reaction channel, the second gasket is stacked in sequence;
[0027] The first and second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the stacked layers are staggered, and / or the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the stacked layers are staggered.
[0028] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, a first gap is formed between the first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets;
[0029] A second gap is formed between the arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the second ring in the same layer;
[0030] Along the axial direction of the reaction channel, the projections of the first gap and the second gap of adjacent stacks do not intersect, and / or the projections of the second gap of adjacent stacks do not intersect.
[0031] As a further improvement to the embodiments of this disclosure, the number of the first annular arc-shaped sub-wafer and the second annular arc-shaped sub-wafer is both set to 2;
[0032] The first annular arc-shaped sub-gasket is symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel;
[0033] The second annular arc-shaped sub-gasket is symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel;
[0034] Along the axial direction of the reaction channel, the first and second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets stacked adjacent to each other are set at 90 degrees to each other, and / or the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets stacked adjacent to each other are set at 90 degrees to each other.
[0035] In summary, the photocatalytic reaction chamber disclosed herein, by setting a fastening component to connect the end cap and the reaction channel, allows the photocatalytic reaction chamber to be disassembled while ensuring its airtightness, facilitating disassembly and replacement, and improving the practicality and ease of operation of the photocatalytic reaction chamber. Attached Figure Description
[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the photocatalytic reaction chamber in an embodiment of this application;
[0038] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the fastening assembly;
[0039] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the fastening assembly.
[0040] Figure Labels
[0041] 10. Reaction channel; 30. End cap; 11. Port; 13. Flange; 50. Fastening assembly; 51. Sealing gasket; 511. Screw hole; 52. Fastener; 53. First gasket; 531. First annular arc sub-gasket; 533. First screw hole; 535. First gap; 55. Second gasket; 551. Second annular arc sub-gasket; 555. Second gap. Detailed Implementation
[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the photocatalytic reactor includes: a catalytic reaction chamber, and a catalyst for catalytic reaction of the medium flowing in the catalytic reaction chamber; the catalytic reaction chamber is hollow to form a reaction channel 10, which is used for the entry and exit of the reaction medium so that the catalytic reaction can occur inside it; the photocatalytic reaction chamber also includes: an end cap 30 for connecting the reaction channel 10 and external components; and a fastening assembly 50 for connecting the reaction channel 10 and the end cap 30.
[0045] The reaction channel 10 includes: a port 11 for the reaction medium to enter and exit, and a flange 13 extending circumferentially from the port.
[0046] The fastening assembly 50 includes a sealing gasket 51 disposed between the flange 13 and the end cap 30, sealing the gap between the flange 13 and the end cap 30. The fastening assembly 50 also includes a fastener 52, which sequentially penetrates the flange 13, the sealing gasket 51, and the end cap 30 to fasten the flange 13, the sealing gasket 51, and the end cap 30. The photocatalytic reaction chamber of this disclosure, by providing a fastening assembly to connect the end cap and the reaction channel, allows the photocatalytic reaction chamber to be disassembled while ensuring its airtightness, facilitating disassembly and replacement, and improving the practicality and ease of operation of the photocatalytic reaction chamber. The fastener 52 can be a bolt, rivet, etc.
[0047] In the embodiments disclosed herein, the catalyst can be a photocatalytic light source, such as an ultraviolet light source, a visible light source, or an infrared light source, and can be selected according to the required photocatalytic reaction, without any specific limitation.
[0048] The shape of the reaction channel can also be specifically set as needed; for example, a straight channel, a curved channel, etc. In a specific example of this disclosure, the reaction channel 10 is an annular cylindrical shape, and the catalyst can be set close to the outer side of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical reaction channel 10, or it can be set on the outer side of the outer wall of the annular cylindrical reaction channel 10; the reaction channel 10 and the flange 13 can be set separately, or they can be integrally formed; in a preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the reaction channel 10 and the flange 13 are integrally formed, and the outer wall of the reaction channel 10 and the flange 13 are made of a light-transmitting material; the photocatalytic light source is set around the outer side of the annular cylindrical outer wall of the reaction channel 10; the light emitted by the photocatalytic light source can pass through the annular cylindrical outer wall of the reaction channel 10 and irradiate into the reaction channel 10; in addition, a cooling channel is formed between the outer sides of the annular cylindrical inner wall of the reaction channel 10, and a refrigerant can flow in the cooling channel to cool the reaction channel 10, which is suitable for reactions with high exothermic reaction and low reaction temperature, and further improves the reaction efficiency.
[0049] Preferably, the reaction channel is made of quartz glass. Quartz glass has excellent transmittance across a continuous wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared radiation, allowing transmission of far-ultraviolet light, visible light, and near-infrared light. It exhibits high light transmittance and good optical uniformity. Furthermore, quartz glass is an acidic material, exhibiting inertness to all acids except hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, making it the best acid-resistant material. At room temperature, the corrosive effects of alkalis and salts on quartz glass are also minimal, demonstrating its excellent chemical stability. In other embodiments, the reaction channel can be made of transparent materials such as borosilicate glass.
[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the sealing gasket is made of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene). PTFE has a long-term operating temperature of -200 to 260 degrees Celsius and excellent chemical corrosion resistance, resisting all chemicals. Due to the material properties of the sealing gasket, it will not be corroded when in contact with the medium in the reaction channel, preventing leakage. This allows for a better seal between the reaction channel 10 and the end cap 30, preventing the medium in the reaction channel 10 from flowing out, resulting in a better sealing effect. Simultaneously, the PTFE sealing gasket has low hardness, making the flange 13 less prone to breakage when in contact with a light-transmitting material.
[0051] In the implementation of this disclosure, the sealing gasket 51 is an annular gasket, and the thickness of the sealing gasket 51 can be specifically set as needed; preferably, the thickness of the sealing gasket 51 is 1-5mm; in a specific example of this disclosure, the thickness of the sealing gasket 51 is 3mm.
[0052] In addition, the sealing gasket 51 also has screw holes 511 for fasteners 52, which will not be described in detail here.
[0053] Combination Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the fastening assembly 50 further includes: a first gasket 53, which is disposed on the end face of the flange 13 where the sealing gasket 51 is not disposed; the first gasket 53 is made of rubber material; the rubber material is softer than PTFE material; the fastener 52 sequentially penetrates the first gasket 53, the flange 13, the sealing gasket 51, and the end cap 30; the force applied by the fastener 52 is indirectly applied to the flange 13 through the sealing gasket 51 and the first gasket 53, so that the flange 13 will not break due to excessive stress, thus achieving both a sealing function and protecting the flange.
[0054] Preferably, the first gasket 53 is fitted onto the outer wall of the reaction channel 10; the inner wall of the first gasket 53 is spaced apart from the outer wall of the reaction channel 10, which facilitates the assembly of the first gasket 53 with the reaction channel 10. Accordingly, the spacing between the first gasket 53 and various parts of the reaction channel 10 can be equal or unequal, which will not be further elaborated here.
[0055] Preferably, the first gasket 53 is an open gasket to facilitate the assembly of the first gasket into the reaction channel 10.
[0056] In a specific example of this disclosure, the first gasket 53 includes at least two first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531, which are spliced together end-to-end to form the first gasket 53, so that the first gasket 53 is an open gasket; each first annular arc-shaped sub-gasket 531 has at least one first screw hole 533 through which a fastener 52 passes; the number of fasteners 52 and the number of first screw holes 533 are the same.
[0057] It is understood that the shapes and thicknesses of the multiple first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531 can be the same or different; in the preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the multiple first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531 are the same; the number of first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531 is set to 2, and the first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel 10; the number of first screw holes 533 provided in each first annular arc-shaped sub-gasket 531 is the same.
[0058] Preferably, the thickness of the first gasket is [3mm, 8mm]; in a specific example of this disclosure, the thickness of the first gasket is 6mm.
[0059] When the first rubber gasket 53 is compressed by the fastener 52, it will undergo local deformation due to uneven force. Accordingly, in the preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the fastening assembly 50 further includes a second gasket 55, which is disposed on the end face of the first gasket 53 that is not connected to the flange 13; the second gasket 55 is made of a hard metal material, such as stainless steel or carbon steel; the fastener 52 sequentially penetrates the second gasket 55, the first gasket 53, the flange 13, the sealing gasket 51, and the end cap 30. By adding the second gasket 55 to the end face of the first gasket 53 away from the flange 13, the problem of uneven force on the first gasket 53 can be solved; through the second gasket 55, the fastener 52 can apply force evenly to the first gasket 53, improving the performance.
[0060] Preferably, the thickness of the second gasket 55 is [4 mm, 10 mm]; in a specific example of this disclosure, the thickness of the second gasket is 6 mm.
[0061] Similar to the first gasket, the second gasket 55 is fitted onto the outer wall of the reaction channel 10; the inner wall of the second gasket 55 is spaced apart from the outer wall of the reaction channel 10, which facilitates the assembly of the second gasket 55 with the reaction channel 10. Accordingly, the spacing between the second gasket 55 and various parts of the reaction channel 10 can be equal or unequal, which will not be further elaborated here.
[0062] Preferably, the second gasket 55 is an open gasket to facilitate the assembly of the second gasket into the reaction channel 10.
[0063] In a specific example of this disclosure, the second gasket 55 includes: at least two second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551, which are spliced end to end to form the second gasket 55, such that the second gasket 55 is an open gasket; each second annular arc-shaped sub-gasket 551 has at least one second through hole through which a fastener 52 passes; the number of fasteners 52 is the same as the number of second through holes.
[0064] It is understood that the shapes and thicknesses of the multiple second-ring arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 can be the same or different; in the preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the multiple second-ring arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 are the same; the number of second-ring arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 is set to 2 pieces, and the second-ring arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel 10; the number of second screw holes provided in each second-ring arc-shaped sub-gasket 551 is the same.
[0065] Preferably, the thickness of the second gasket is [4 mm, 10 mm]; in a specific example of this disclosure, the thickness of the second gasket is 6 mm.
[0066] In a preferred embodiment of this disclosure, the number of second gaskets can be one layer or multiple layers. By using multiple layers of second gaskets, the stress distribution is more uniform than with a single layer, improving the performance. Accordingly, the number of second gaskets 55 is set to at least two layers; the second gaskets 55 are stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the reaction channel 10; adjacent first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531 and second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 are staggered, and / or adjacent second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 are staggered. This ensures more uniform stress distribution, avoids localized stress concentration, and effectively prevents the flange 13 from breaking due to uneven stress during tightening.
[0067] In a preferred embodiment of this disclosure, a first gap 535 is formed between the first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 531; a second gap 555 is formed between the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 in the same layer; along the axial direction of the reaction channel 10, the projections of the adjacent first gaps 535 and second gaps 555 do not intersect, and / or the projections of the adjacent second gaps do not intersect.
[0068] In a specific embodiment of this disclosure, along the axial direction of the reaction channel 10, the first annular arc-shaped sub-gasket 531 and the second annular arc-shaped sub-gasket 551 stacked adjacently are arranged at 90 degrees to each other, and / or the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets 551 stacked adjacently are arranged at 90 degrees to each other.
[0069] It is understandable that the first arc-shaped sub-shield 531 and the second arc-shaped sub-shield 551 can be configured to have the same structure but different materials, which facilitates mold making and saves manufacturing and usage costs. When the second shield 55 is configured to have at least two layers, the thickness of the at least two layers of the second shield is preferably set to 6-15mm, for example, 12mm, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0070] In summary, the photocatalytic reaction chamber disclosed herein, by setting a fastening component to connect the end cap and the reaction channel, allows the photocatalytic reaction chamber to be disassembled while ensuring its airtightness, facilitating disassembly and replacement, and improving the practicality and ease of operation of the photocatalytic reaction chamber.
[0071] It should be noted that some embodiments of this application have been described above. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. In addition, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result.
[0072] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the above embodiments of this application, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
[0073] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A photocatalytic reactor, characterized in that: the photocatalytic reactor comprises: a reaction channel for the reaction medium to enter and exit, so that a catalytic reaction occurs inside the reaction channel; an end cover for connecting the reaction channel and external components; a fastening assembly for connecting the reaction channel and the end cover; the reaction channel comprises a port for the reaction medium to enter and exit, and a flange circumferentially extending from the port; the fastening assembly comprises a sealing gasket arranged between the flange and the end cover, the sealing gasket sealing the gap between the flange and the end cover; the fastening assembly further comprises a fastener sequentially penetrating the flange, the sealing gasket and the end cover for fastening the flange, the sealing gasket and the end cover. 2.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall surface of the reaction channel and the flange are made of a light-transmitting material; and / or, the sealing gasket is made of PTFE material.
3. The photocatalytic reaction chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fastening assembly further comprises: a first gasket arranged on the end surface of the flange where the sealing gasket is not arranged; the first gasket is made of rubber material; the fastener sequentially penetrates the first gasket, the flange, the sealing gasket and the end cover. 4.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first gasket is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the reaction channel; the inner wall surface of the first gasket is spaced apart from the outer wall surface of the reaction channel; and / or, the first gasket comprises at least two first ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets, the first ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets are spliced at intervals at the head and tail to form the first gasket; each of the first ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets has at least one first threaded hole for the fastener to penetrate; the number of the fastener is the same as the number of the first threaded holes. 5.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fastening assembly further comprises: a second gasket arranged on the end surface of the first gasket where the flange is not connected; the second gasket is made of hard metal material; the fastener sequentially penetrates the second gasket, the first gasket, the flange, the sealing gasket and the end cover. 6.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: the sealing gasket is a ring-shaped gasket, and the thickness of the sealing gasket is [1mm, 3mm]; and / or, the thickness of the first gasket is [3mm, 8mm]; and / or, the thickness of the second gasket is [4mm, 10mm]. 7.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: the second gasket is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the reaction channel; the inner wall surface of the second gasket is spaced apart from the outer wall surface of the reaction channel; and / or, the second gasket comprises at least two second ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets, the second ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets are spliced at intervals at the head and tail to form the second gasket; each of the second ring-arc-shaped sub-gaskets has at least one second through hole for the fastener to penetrate; the number of the fastener is the same as the number of the second through holes. 8.The photocatalytic reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first gasket comprises at least two first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets, which are spliced at intervals to form the first gasket; The number of the second gaskets is set to at least two layers; The second gaskets are arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the reaction channel; The first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets and the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the adjacent layers are arranged alternately, and / or the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the adjacent layers are arranged alternately.
9. The photocatalytic reaction chamber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets are spaced apart to form first gaps; The second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets are spaced apart to form second gaps; The projections of the first gaps and the second gaps of the adjacent layers in the axial direction of the reaction channel do not intersect, and / or the projections of the second gaps of the adjacent layers do not intersect.
10. The photocatalytic reaction chamber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of the first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets and the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets is set to two; The first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel; The second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the reaction channel; The first annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets and the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the adjacent layers in the axial direction of the reaction channel are arranged at 90 degrees to each other, and / or the second annular arc-shaped sub-gaskets of the adjacent layers are arranged at 90 degrees to each other.