Disinfection device, bathroom water tank and gas water heating equipment

By installing a baffle tube and a disinfection lamp in the bathroom water tank of the gas-fired water heater, the problem of poor sterilization and disinfection effect caused by high water flow speed is solved, and a more efficient sterilization and disinfection effect is achieved.

CN223766143UActive Publication Date: 2026-01-06GUANGDONG WANHE THERMAL ENERGY TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202423289927.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-12-30
Publication Date
2026-01-06
Estimated Expiration
2034-12-30

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing gas-fired water heating equipment, the water flow rate at the inlet of the bathroom water tank is fast, resulting in a short contact time between the disinfection lamp and the water, and the sterilization and disinfection effect is not ideal.

Method used

A baffle tube and a disinfection lamp are installed in the bathroom water tank of a gas-fired water heater. The baffle tube contains a baffle section and a transparent window. The disinfection lamp is located inside the baffle section and corresponds to the window. The baffle section slows down the water flow, increases the contact time between the disinfection lamp and the water, and the transparent window allows the disinfection lamp light to pass through and sterilize the water.

Benefits of technology

The increased contact time between the disinfection lamp and the water enhances the sterilization and disinfection effect, ensuring the sterilization effect of the water in the bathroom water tank.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas water heating equipment, and discloses a disinfection device, a bathroom water tank and gas water heating equipment. The disinfection device comprises a turbulent flow pipe body and a disinfection lamp, the turbulent flow pipe body comprises a turbulent flow pipe section, and the turbulent flow pipe section is provided with a first water inlet and a plurality of water outlet holes for discharging water. The turbulent flow pipe section is provided with a transparent window, and the sterilizing lamp is arranged in the turbulent flow pipe section and is opposite to the transparent window. According to the disinfection device, the flowing water resistance is increased through the turbulent flow pipe section, so that the flowing speed of bathroom hot water is slowed down, the contact time of the disinfection lamp and water is prolonged, and the sterilization and disinfection effect on the inflow water flow of a bathroom water tank is improved; the turbulent flow pipe section is provided with the transparent window, and the disinfection lamp is arranged in the turbulent flow pipe section and is opposite to the transparent window; and light rays of the sterilizing lamp penetrate through the transparent window and can continuously irradiate, sterilize and disinfect water outside the turbulent flow pipe body, namely in the bathroom water tank, so that the sterilizing and disinfecting effect is further improved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of gas-fired water heating equipment, and in particular to a disinfection device, a bathroom water tank, and a gas-fired water heating equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-fired water heating equipment is a device that uses gas as an energy source to heat water, and it is widely used in homes, businesses, and industries. Common types of gas-fired water heating equipment include gas water heaters and gas-fired wall-hung boilers. As people's living standards improve, their demands for the functions of gas-fired water heating equipment are also increasing. For example, in gas-fired wall-hung boilers, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection lamps are usually installed at the inlet of the bathroom water tank to kill bacteria and viruses in the incoming water flow, meeting users' needs for healthy drinking water. However, during water use, the water flow rate at the inlet of the bathroom water tank is relatively fast, and the contact time between the water and the UV disinfection lamp after entering the water tank is short, resulting in less than ideal sterilization and disinfection effects. Utility Model Content

[0003] One of the problems to be solved by this utility model is to provide a disinfection device that can effectively solve the problem of unsatisfactory sterilization and disinfection effects in the prior art.

[0004] The second problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a bathroom water tank that can effectively solve the problem of poor sterilization and disinfection effect caused by the short contact time between the disinfection lamp and the bathroom water inlet in the existing technology.

[0005] The third problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a gas-fired water heater that can effectively solve the problem of poor sterilization and disinfection effect caused by the short contact time between the disinfection lamp and the water inlet of the bathroom in the existing technology.

[0006] The first technical problem mentioned above is solved by the following technical solution:

[0007] The disinfection device includes a baffle tube and a disinfection lamp;

[0008] The turbulence-reducing pipe body is a turbulence-reducing pipe section used to slow down the water flow speed. The turbulence-reducing pipe section is provided with a first water inlet and several water outlet holes for water discharge. The turbulence-reducing pipe section is provided with a transparent window, and the disinfection lamp is arranged inside the turbulence-reducing pipe section and opposite to the transparent window.

[0009] The disinfection device described in this utility model has the following effective effects compared with the prior art:

[0010] When the disinfection device provided by this utility model is applied to the bathroom water tank of a gas-fired water heater, the first inlet of the baffle pipe section is aligned with the inlet of the bathroom water tank. After the hot water enters the baffle pipe section, the increased flow resistance slows down the flow rate of the hot water, increasing the contact time between the disinfection lamp and the water, thus improving the sterilization and disinfection effect on the incoming water flow of the bathroom water tank. At the same time, the baffle pipe section is equipped with a transparent window, and the disinfection lamp is installed inside the baffle pipe section and faces the transparent window. The light from the disinfection lamp can continue to irradiate and disinfect the water outside the baffle pipe section, i.e., inside the bathroom water tank, through the transparent window, further improving the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0011] In one embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting pipe section includes a first turbulence-disrupting section and a second turbulence-disrupting section connected in sequence. Along the water flow direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first turbulence-disrupting section gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second turbulence-disrupting section gradually increases.

[0012] In one embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting pipe section further includes a third turbulence-disrupting section, which is disposed at the end of the second turbulence-disrupting section away from the first turbulence-disrupting section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the third turbulence-disrupting section gradually decreases along the water flow direction.

[0013] In one embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting pipe further includes a main pipe section, which is provided with a second water inlet. Along the water flow direction, the second water inlet, the first water inlet, and the water outlet are connected in sequence. The main pipe section includes a first straight section, a transition section, and a second straight section arranged in sequence. The first turbulence-disrupting section is located at the end of the second straight section away from the transition section.

[0014] The cross-sectional area of ​​the first straight segment is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second straight segment;

[0015] Along the direction of water flow, the cross-sectional area of ​​the transition section gradually decreases.

[0016] In one embodiment, the third spoiler section has a first opening for mounting the transparent window at the end away from the second spoiler section;

[0017] The first turbulence section is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed second openings for mounting the transparent window.

[0018] In one embodiment, a generator is also included, which is disposed within the main pipe section, and the disinfection lamp is electrically connected to the generator; an impeller is disposed at the end of the generator away from the turbulence pipe section, and the impeller can rotate under the action of water flow to enable the generator to generate electricity.

[0019] In one embodiment, the end of the main pipe section away from the turbulence-causing pipe section is provided with a flange;

[0020] The generator housing is provided with a first fixed bracket that is connected to the flange.

[0021] The second technical problem mentioned above is solved by the following technical solution:

[0022] A bathroom water tank, comprising a tank body and a disinfection device as described in any of the above embodiments disposed within the tank body.

[0023] The sanitary water tank of this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] The bathroom water tank provided by this utility model increases the contact time between the water and the disinfection lamp inside the tank by setting a disinfection device inside the tank. At the same time, the disinfection lamp light can sterilize and disinfect the water inside the tank through the transparent window, thereby improving the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0025] In one embodiment, the outer wall of the turbulence tube is provided with a second fixed bracket that is connected to the inner wall of the box.

[0026] The third technical problem mentioned above is solved by the following technical solution:

[0027] Gas-fired water heating equipment, including the bathroom water tank described in any of the above embodiments.

[0028] The gas-fired water heater of this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0029] The gas-fired water heater provided by this utility model uses a bathroom water tank with the above-mentioned disinfection device, which increases the contact time between water and disinfection lamp, and at the same time, the light of the disinfection lamp can pass through the transparent window to sterilize and disinfect the water in the tank, thereby improving the sterilization and disinfection effect. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-fired water heater provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disinfection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the turbulence-disrupting tube body involved in the embodiment of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disinfection lamp, generator and impeller involved in the embodiment of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the generator involved in the embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 1. Bathroom water tank; 11. Tank body; 12. Disinfection device; 121. Baffle pipe body; 1211. Main pipe section; 1211a. First straight section; 1211b. Transition section; 1211c. Second straight section; 1211d. Flanged edge; 1212. Baffle pipe section; 1212a. First baffle section; 1212b. Second baffle section; 1212c. Third baffle section; 1212d. Water outlet; 1212e. First opening 1212f, Second opening; 122, Disinfection lamp; 1221, Generator; 1221a, Rotor winding; 1221b, Magnetic pole stator; 1222, Shaft; 1223, Impeller; 123, First fixed bracket; 1231, Strip plate; 124, Second fixed bracket; 1241, Connecting rod; 1241a, First rod; 1241b, Second rod; 1241c, Third rod; 125, Transparent window;

[0037] 2. Gas stove. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar parts or parts having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0041] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a disinfection device, a bathroom water tank, and a gas-fired water heater. The gas-fired water heater includes a bathroom water tank 1 and a gas furnace 2. The bathroom water tank 1 includes a tank body 11 and a disinfection device 12. The disinfection device 12 is disposed inside the tank body 11, with the inlet of the tank body 11 directly opposite to the disinfection device 12. The gas furnace 2 heats the water entering the tank body 11, and the disinfection device 12 sterilizes the water entering the tank body 11 to improve water quality.

[0043] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 2-5 The disinfection device 12 will now be explained.

[0044] The disinfection device 12 includes a baffle tube 121 and a disinfection lamp 122. The baffle tube 121 includes a baffle section 1212, which has a first inlet and several outlet holes 1212d for water discharge. Water can enter through the first inlet and exit through the outlet holes 1212d. The baffle section 1212 is provided with a transparent window 125 (which can be made of a transparent material that can transmit ultraviolet light). The disinfection lamp 122 is disposed inside the baffle section 1212 and is opposite to the transparent window.

[0045] When the disinfection device 12 is applied to the bathroom water tank 1 of a gas-fired water heater, the first inlet of the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212 is aligned with the inlet of the bathroom water tank 1. After the hot water enters the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212, the increased flow resistance caused by the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212 slows down the flow rate of the hot water, increasing the contact time between the disinfection lamp 122 and the water, thus improving the sterilization and disinfection effect on the incoming water flow of the bathroom water tank 1. At the same time, the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212 is equipped with a transparent window 125, and the disinfection lamp 122 is installed inside the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212 and faces the transparent window 125. The light of the disinfection lamp 122 can continue to irradiate and sterilize the water outside the turbulence-prone pipe section 121, i.e., inside the bathroom water tank 1, through the transparent window 125, further improving the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the baffle tube section 1212 and the transparent window 125 can be integrally made of the same material, that is, the transparent window 125 is part of the baffle tube section 1212, and the entire baffle tube section 1212 is transparent and can transmit the light of the disinfection lamp 122; or the baffle tube section 1212 is provided with an opening for installing the transparent window 125, and the transparent window 125 is installed on the opening.

[0047] For example, the transparent window 125 can be made of materials such as acrylic or glass that are transparent to ultraviolet light.

[0048] In addition, the turbulence section 1212 can be a section of the turbulence pipe body 121 with different inner diameters, or a section of the turbulence pipe body 121 with several protrusions on its inner wall. By setting different inner diameter sections or sections with protrusions, the water is disturbed, the water flow rate is slowed down, so as to increase the contact time between the disinfection lamp 122 and the water and improve the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0049] In this embodiment, the disinfection lamp 122 is an ultraviolet disinfection lamp. Ultraviolet disinfection lamps are existing and mature lamps, and are not the focus of this application. For details, please refer to the prior art, which will not be elaborated here.

[0050] Optionally, the turbulence-disrupting pipe section 1212 includes a first turbulence-disrupting section 1212a and a second turbulence-disrupting section 1212b arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. The main pipe section 1211 is located at the end of the first turbulence-disrupting section 1212a away from the second turbulence-disrupting section 1212b. Along the water flow direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first turbulence-disrupting section 1212a gradually decreases, while the cross-sectional area of ​​the second turbulence-disrupting section 1212b gradually increases. A disinfection lamp 122 is installed inside the turbulence-disrupting pipe body 121 and is used to sterilize and disinfect the water.

[0051] The disinfection device 12 sets up two interconnected turbulence sections 1212a and 1212b, with the cross-sectional area of ​​the first turbulence section 1212a gradually decreasing and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second turbulence section 1212b gradually increasing along the water flow direction. This creates a large-small-large cross-sectional area structure for the turbulence section 1212. When water enters the main pipe section 1211 and exits through the outlet hole 1212d of the turbulence section 1212, the water is slowed down by the large-small-large irregular structure, increasing the contact time between the disinfection lamp 122 and the water. Furthermore, because the water stays in the turbulence pipe body 121 for an increased time, more water directly contacts the disinfection lamp 122, improving the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0052] To further enhance the flow disturbance effect, the flow disturbance section 1212 also includes a third flow disturbance section 1212c. The third flow disturbance section 1212c is located at the end of the second flow disturbance section 1212b away from the first flow disturbance section 1212a, and its cross-sectional area gradually decreases along the water flow direction. This structure allows the water flow velocity to be further reduced after entering the second flow disturbance section 1212b due to the effect of the third flow disturbance section 1212c.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first turbulence section 1212a, the second turbulence section 1212b, and the third turbulence section 1212c are all conical structures.

[0054] In order to enable the disinfection lamp 122 to irradiate and sterilize the water inside the tank 11, a first opening 1212e is provided at the end of the third turbulence section 1212c away from the second turbulence section 1212b, and a transparent window 125 is provided on the first opening 1212e. By providing a transparent window 125 in the third turbulence section 1212c, the disinfection lamp 122 can sterilize and disinfect the water inside the tank 11 located above the turbulence tube 121.

[0055] Furthermore, along the circumferential direction of the turbulence-disrupting tube 121, referring to... Figure 3 The first turbulence section 1212a is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed second openings 1212f, and multiple transparent windows 125 are respectively provided on the multiple second openings 1212f. By providing multiple circumferentially distributed transparent windows 125 in the first turbulence section 1212a, the disinfection lamp 122 can sterilize the water located around the turbulence pipe 121 in the tank 11.

[0056] In this embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting pipe body 121 also includes a main pipe section 1211, which is provided with a second water inlet. Along the water flow direction (i.e., from the main pipe section 1211 to the turbulence-disrupting pipe section 1212), the second water inlet, the first water inlet, and the water outlet 1212d are connected in sequence.

[0057] Optionally, the main pipe section 1211 includes a first straight section 1211a, a transition section 1211b, and a second straight section 1211c arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. A first turbulence-inducing section 1212a is located at the end of the second straight section 1211c away from the transition section 1211b. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first straight section 1211a is larger than that of the second straight section 1211c. The cross-sectional area of ​​the transition section 1211b gradually decreases along the water flow direction. This structure of the main pipe section 1211 can first decelerate the water entering the main pipe section 1211, and then further decelerate it by turbulence in the turbulence-inducing section 1212, thereby increasing the contact time between the disinfection lamp 122 and the water.

[0058] Optionally, multiple sets of water outlet holes 1212d are provided, and the multiple sets of water outlet holes 1212d are distributed at intervals around the circumference of the turbulence-disrupting pipe body 121, and each set of water outlet holes 1212d includes multiple water outlet holes 1212d distributed at intervals along the water flow direction. In this embodiment, the first turbulence-disrupting section 1212a, the second turbulence-disrupting section 1212b, and the third turbulence-disrupting section 1212c are all provided with water outlet holes 1212d.

[0059] Optionally, such as Figures 4-5As shown, the disinfection device also includes a generator 1221, which is located inside the main pipe section 1211. A disinfection lamp 122 is mounted on the generator 1221 and extends into the turbulence-prone pipe section 1212. When water enters through the inlet of the tank 11, the water flow impact causes the generator 1221 to generate electricity, thereby turning on the disinfection lamp 122. This structure allows the disinfection device 12 to generate electricity using the water flow impact during use, thus saving energy.

[0060] When the water flow is low, the disinfection device 12 can also supply power to the disinfection lamp 122 through the main control chip; and after the water source is turned off, the disinfection device 12 can also supply power to the disinfection lamp 122 regularly through the main control chip, for example, once every 5 minutes, to ensure the quality of the water.

[0061] Specifically, the generator 1221 includes a rotor winding 1221a and a magnetic stator 1221b. The magnetic stator 1221b includes magnetic poles N and S arranged opposite to each other. The rotor winding 1221a is rotatably positioned between magnetic poles N and S. A shaft 1222 is located at the end of the rotor winding 1221a away from the turbulence-inducing pipe section 1212, and an impeller 1223 is located at one end of the shaft 1222. The impeller 1223 is located outside the turbulence-inducing pipe section 121. When water enters through the inlet of the housing 11, the water flow impacts the impeller 1223, causing the rotor winding 1221a to rotate, thereby cutting magnetic lines of force to generate current, and the disinfection lamp 122 is turned on. This structure allows the impeller 1223 to first decelerate the water flow after it enters through the inlet of the housing 11, and then, in conjunction with the turbulence-inducing pipe section 121, further decelerate the water flow, which not only further improves the disinfection effect but also reduces energy consumption.

[0062] Optionally, refer to Figures 2-3 As shown, the first straight section 1211a of the main pipe section 1211 has a flange 1211d at the end away from the turbulence-causing pipe section 1212; the housing of the generator 1221 is provided with a first fixed bracket 123 connected to the flange 1211d. Specifically, the first fixed bracket 123 includes at least two strip plates 1231, one end of which is welded to the housing of the generator 1221, and the other end is detachably connected to the flange 1211d by screws.

[0063] Specifically, when the disinfection device 12 is installed inside the box 11, the end of the first straight section 1211a of the main pipe section 1211 away from the turbulence-disrupting pipe section 1212 (i.e., the second water inlet) is directly opposite the inlet of the box 11, so that when water enters through the inlet of the box 11, most of the water can enter the main pipe section 1211 through the second water inlet, so that the turbulence-disrupting pipe section 1212 can turbulent the water and improve the sterilization and disinfection effect.

[0064] Optionally, the outer wall of the first straight section 1211a of the main pipe section 1211 is provided with a second fixed bracket 124 that connects to the inner wall of the housing 11. Specifically, the second fixed bracket 124 includes two connecting rods 1241 symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the first straight section 1211a of the main pipe section 1211. The connecting rods 1241 include a first rod 1241a and a second rod 1241b that are parallel to each other, and a third rod 1241c that connects the first rod 1241a and the second rod 1241b. The first rod 1241a is welded to the outer wall of the first straight section 1211a, and the second rod 1241b is connected to the inner wall of the housing 11 by screws.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. Sterilization device, characterized in that, The device comprises a spoiler body (121) and a sterilization lamp (122); The spoiler body (121) comprises a spoiler section (1212) for slowing down the water flow, the spoiler section (1212) is provided with a first water inlet and a plurality of water outlets (1212d); the spoiler section (1212) is provided with a transparent window (125), and the sterilization lamp (122) is arranged in the spoiler section (1212) and opposite to the transparent window (125).

2. The sanitizing device of claim 1, wherein, The spoiler section (1212) comprises a first spoiler section (1212a) and a second spoiler section (1212b) connected in sequence, and the cross-sectional area of the first spoiler section (1212a) gradually decreases along the water flow direction, and the cross-sectional area of the second spoiler section (1212b) gradually increases.

3. The sanitizing device of claim 2, wherein, The spoiler section (1212) further comprises a third spoiler section (1212c) arranged at one end of the second spoiler section (1212b) away from the first spoiler section (1212a), and the cross-sectional area of the third spoiler section (1212c) gradually decreases along the water flow direction.

4. The sanitizing device of claim 2, wherein, The spoiler body (121) further comprises a main body section (1211) provided with a second water inlet, and the second water inlet, the first water inlet and the water outlets (1212d) are sequentially communicated along the water flow direction; the main body section (1211) comprises a first straight section (1211a), a transition section (1211b) and a second straight section (1211c) arranged in sequence, and the first spoiler section (1212a) is arranged at one end of the second straight section (1211c) away from the transition section (1211b); The cross-sectional area of the first straight section (1211a) is greater than that of the second straight section (1211c); The cross-sectional area of the transition section (1211b) gradually decreases along the water flow direction.

5. The sanitizing device of claim 3, wherein, One end of the third spoiler section (1212c) away from the second spoiler section (1212b) is provided with a first opening (1212e) for mounting the transparent window (125); The first spoiler section (1212a) is provided with a plurality of second openings (1212f) distributed in the circumference and used for mounting the transparent window (125).

6. The sanitizing device of claim 4, wherein, Further comprising a generator (1221) arranged in the main body section (1211), and the sterilization lamp (122) is electrically connected to the generator (1221); one end of the generator (1221) away from the spoiler section (1212) is provided with an impeller (1223), and the impeller (1223) can rotate under the action of water flow to make the generator (1221) generate electricity.

7. The sanitization device of claim 6, wherein, One end of the main body section (1211) away from the spoiler section (1212) is provided with a flange (1211d); The shell of the generator (1221) is provided with a first fixing support (123) connected with the flange (1211d).

8. A sanitary water tank, characterized in that The sterilization device (12) as claimed in any one of claims 1-7 is arranged in a box (11).

9. A sanitary hot water tank according to claim 8, characterised in that The outer wall of the spoiler tube body (121) is provided with a second fixing support (124) connected with the inner wall of the box (11).

10. Gas water heating apparatus, characterised in that, The sanitary water tank (1) as claimed in any one of claims 8-9.