Spiral-flow type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of electrochemistry, in particular to a spiral-flow type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device, which is a spiral-flow type electrolysis device for realizing conversion electrolysis of different solution systems by utilizing the characteristic that a cation exchange membrane has selective permeation on cations. Comprising a cathode cylinder, a cation exchange membrane anode, an upper cover, a lower cover, a starting sheet, a cathode region rotational flow lower liquid inlet device, a cathode region rotational flow upper liquid outlet device, an upper starting sheet pressing ring, a lower supporting isolating ring, a sealing assembly and an anode positioning rod. The device is suitable for mutual migration and conversion of cations among a chlorination system, a sulfuric acid system, a nitric acid system, a sulfamic acid system, a phosphoric acid system, a thiourea system and a cyanide system, so that the problem that an original system cannot be normally electrolyzed is solved from the source, and the application range of an electrolysis process is expanded; the method is particularly suitable for efficient metal copper electrolysis when a copper chloride solution system is converted into a copper sulfate solution system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrochemistry, specifically to a vortex-type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device. It is a vortex-type electrolysis device that utilizes the selective permeability of cation exchange membranes to cations to achieve electrolysis of different solution systems. This device is suitable for the inter-migration and conversion of cations between chloride, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aminosulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, thiourea, and cyanide systems. It is particularly suitable for the efficient electrolysis of metallic copper in the conversion of copper chloride solution system to copper sulfate solution system. Background Technology

[0002] Cation exchange membranes are selective membranes that allow specific cations to pass through while blocking the transfer of other ions and electrons. In the electrolysis industry, cation exchange membranes are introduced to separate the cathode and anode regions in electrolysis devices, thereby enabling the migration and conversion of cations between different solution systems. This solves the problem of the original system's inability to electrolyze properly at its source and has great potential to expand the applicability of electrolysis processes. However, currently designed plate-type ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers are prone to concentration polarization, membrane blockage, and a rapid decline in electrolysis efficiency due to the slow electrolyte flow.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a swirling cation exchange membrane electrolysis device. Through mechanical pressurization, it achieves a rapid axial flow of electrolyte in the anode region and a rapid tangential swirling flow in the cathode region, thus fundamentally solving the problems of concentration polarization, low current efficiency, and easy membrane clogging. This greatly promotes the widespread adoption and use of cation exchange membrane electrolysis devices. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model relates to the field of electrochemistry, specifically to a vortex-type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device. It is a vortex-type electrolysis device that utilizes the selective permeability of cation exchange membranes to cations to achieve electrolysis of different solution systems. This device is suitable for the inter-migration and conversion of cations between chloride, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aminosulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, thiourea, and cyanide systems. It is particularly suitable for the efficient electrolysis of metallic copper in the conversion of copper chloride solution system to copper sulfate solution system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A swirling cation exchange membrane electrolysis device is designed, comprising a cathode cylinder, a starting electrode sheet tightly attached to the inner wall of the cathode cylinder, an upper starting electrode sheet pressure ring installed at the upper end of the starting electrode sheet for fixing the starting electrode sheet and an anode positioning rod, the anode positioning rod being inserted into the anode positioning hole, a swirling liquid outlet in the cathode region installed at the upper end of the cathode cylinder, and a sealing assembly installed between the two, an upper cover installed at the upper end of the swirling liquid outlet in the cathode region, and a sealing assembly installed between the two, a lower support isolation ring installed at the lower end of the cathode cylinder, and a sealing assembly installed between the two, a swirling liquid inlet in the cathode region installed at the lower end of the lower support isolation ring, and a sealing assembly installed between the two, the cation exchange membrane anode being installed at the center of the electrolysis device, and a sealing assembly installed between the lower cover and the cation exchange membrane anode.

[0007] Furthermore, the inlet direction of the cathode region vortex lower liquid inlet and the outlet direction of the cathode region vortex upper liquid outlet form a 90-degree angle with the electrolysis device, and the inlet and outlet are located at the tangent position in the middle of the inlet and outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, an anode positioning hole is provided at the center of the upper cover, and the upper part of the cation exchange membrane anode is positioned and fixed to the anode positioning hole of the upper cover by an anode positioning rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower cover is provided with a cation exchange membrane anode inlet and a cation exchange membrane anode outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the cation exchange membrane anode is provided with an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet in the anode region, and 2-4 electrolyte overflow ports are provided at the top of the anode device.

[0011] Furthermore, a matching sealing component is provided on the contact surface between the electrolyte inlet of the anode region and the anode inlet of the cation exchange membrane, and between the electrolyte outlet of the anode region and the anode outlet of the cation exchange membrane. The sealing component is an O-type seal or an X-type seal.

[0012] Furthermore, the cathode cylinder and the cathode region swirling liquid outlet, the cathode cylinder and the lower support isolation ring, and the lower support isolation ring and the cathode region swirling liquid inlet are provided with matching sealing grooves, and the sealing components are O-type seals or X-type seals.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper cover and the upper liquid outlet of the cathode zone swirl, and the lower cover and the lower liquid inlet of the cathode zone swirl, adopt a rotating and pressing mechanical structure, and a matching sealing groove is provided on the contact surface. The sealing component is an O-type seal or an X-type seal.

[0014] The swirl-type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device provided by this utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) Achieving interconversion between different solution systems:

[0016] Compared to existing electrolysis devices that can only perform electrolysis in one solution system, this equipment can realize electrolysis across solution systems, thus solving the problem of some solution systems being unable to electrolyze and enrich metals from the source.

[0017] (2) Optimized cation membrane electrolysis process conditions:

[0018] Currently designed plate-type ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers are prone to membrane clogging, decreased electrolysis efficiency, and concentration polarization due to slow electrolyte flow. This electrolysis device fundamentally solves the concentration polarization problem by employing a solution movement mechanism of high-speed tangential flow in the cathode region and high-speed axial flow in the anode region, thereby improving current efficiency and exhibiting greater adaptability to contaminants in the solution, enabling the extraction of high-purity metals from solutions containing impurities. Simultaneously, the staggered electrolyte flow washes away contaminants from the membrane surface, preventing membrane clogging.

[0019] (3) Efficient modular design:

[0020] All parts are modularly designed, plastic parts are manufactured using standardized injection molding, and the electrolysis unit is vertically installed, which saves space, is easy to install, expand, and relocate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments and their drawings can be obtained based on the embodiments shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a basic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0024] 1. Cathode cylinder; 2. Cation exchange membrane anode; 21. Electrolyte inlet in the anode zone; 22. Electrolyte outlet in the anode zone; 23. Electrolyte overflow outlet; 3. Top cover; 31. Anode positioning hole; 4. Bottom cover; 41. Cation exchange membrane anode inlet hole; 42. Cation exchange membrane anode outlet hole; 5. Starting electrode plate; 6. Lower vortex inlet device in the cathode zone; 7. Upper vortex outlet device in the cathode zone; 8. Upper starting electrode plate pressure ring; 9. Lower support isolation ring; 10. Sealing assembly; 11. Anode positioning rod Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of various embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 The swirling cation exchange membrane electrolysis device shown includes a cathode cylinder 1, a cation exchange membrane anode 2, an upper cover 3, a lower cover 4, a starting electrode 5, a swirling lower liquid inlet device 6 in the cathode region, a swirling upper liquid outlet device 7 in the cathode region, an upper starting electrode pressure ring 8, a lower support isolation ring 9, a sealing assembly 10, and an anode positioning rod 11.

[0028] The vortex inlet 6 and the vortex outlet 7 are connected to the flanges at the upper and lower ends of the cathode cylinder 1, respectively. Matching sealing grooves are provided on the mating surfaces, and O-type or X-type sealing components 10 are used for sealing. The inlet direction of the vortex inlet 6 and the outlet direction of the vortex outlet 7 in the cathode area form a 90-degree angle with the electrolysis device. The inlet and outlet are located at the tangential position in the middle of the inlet and outlet. The electrolyte in the cathode area enters the electrolysis device tangentially. The electrolyte in the cathode area flows upward in a vortex manner between the starting plate and the cation exchange membrane. This electrolyte flow method can avoid the concentration polarization phenomenon generated during the electrolysis process, improve the current efficiency, and has a stronger adaptability to contaminants in the solution, enabling the extraction of high-purity metals from solutions containing impurities.

[0029] An anode positioning hole 31 is provided at the center of the upper cover 3. The upper part of the cation exchange membrane anode 2 is positioned and fixed to the anode positioning hole 31 of the upper cover 3 by the anode positioning rod 11.

[0030] A cation exchange membrane anode inlet 41 and a cation exchange membrane anode outlet 42 are provided on the lower cover 4.

[0031] An electrolyte inlet 21 and an electrolyte outlet 22 are provided on the cation exchange membrane anode 2, and 2-4 electrolyte overflow outlets 23 are provided at the top of the anode device.

[0032] A matching sealing component 10 is provided on the contact surface between the electrolyte inlet 21 in the anode region and the cation exchange membrane anode inlet 41, and between the electrolyte outlet 22 in the anode region and the cation exchange membrane anode outlet 42. The sealing component 10 is an O-type seal or an X-type seal.

[0033] Matching sealing grooves are provided on the mating surfaces of the cathode cylinder 1 and the cathode region vortex upper liquid outlet 7, the cathode cylinder 1 and the lower support isolation ring 9, and the lower support isolation ring 9 and the cathode region vortex lower liquid inlet 6. The sealing assembly 10 is an O-type seal or an X-type seal.

[0034] A rotary clamping mechanical structure is used between the upper cover 3 and the upper liquid outlet 7 in the cathode zone, and between the lower cover 4 and the lower liquid inlet 6 in the cathode zone, which has the advantages of fast installation and disassembly and tight installation. Matching sealing grooves are provided on the contact surface, and the sealing assembly 10 is an O-type seal or an X-type seal.

[0035] like Figure 1 The illustrated vortex-type cation exchange membrane electrolysis device operates under a DC electric field. Metal cations in the electrolyte at the anode move towards the cathode. Due to the selective permeability of the cation exchange membrane to cations, only metal cations can pass through the membrane into the cathode region, while anions are blocked and retained there. Therefore, the solution system at the anode does not affect the electrolytic deposition process of the metal at the cathode. The metal cations absorb electrons and undergo a reduction reaction, electrolytically depositing elemental metals on the starting electrode 5. Meanwhile, anions in the electrolyte at the cathode move towards the anode, release electrons, and undergo an oxidation reaction. The generated gas is carried out by the anolyte, collected, and discharged.

[0036] like Figure 1 The swirling cation exchange membrane electrolysis device shown has a horizontal rotating electrolyte flow in the cathode area and a vertical axial electrolyte flow in the anode area. Through the flushing action of the two high-speed alternating liquid flows, the dirt on the membrane surface can be washed away and carried out, avoiding and solving the problem of easy clogging of the cation exchange membrane. This greatly promotes the popularization and use of cation exchange membrane electrolysis devices.

[0037] The various embodiments provided by this utility model can be combined with each other in any way as needed, and the technical solutions obtained by such combinations are also within the scope of this utility model.

[0038] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, then this utility model also includes these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolysis device, characterized by, The cathode cylinder (1) is provided with the starting sheet (5) closely attached to the inner wall of the cathode cylinder (1), the upper starting sheet pressing ring (8) installed at the upper end of the starting sheet (5) for pressing the starting sheet (5) and fixing the anode positioning rod (11), the anode positioning rod (11) inserted into the anode positioning hole (31), the cathode zone cyclone upper liquid outlet (7) installed at the upper end of the cathode cylinder (1), the sealing assembly (10) installed between the two, the upper cover (3) installed at the upper end of the cathode zone cyclone upper liquid outlet (7), the sealing assembly (10) installed between the two, the lower support isolation ring (9) installed at the lower end of the cathode cylinder (1), the sealing assembly (10) installed between the two, the cathode zone cyclone lower liquid inlet (6) installed at the lower end of the lower support isolation ring (9), the sealing assembly (10) installed between the two, the cation exchange membrane anode (2) installed at the center position of the electrolytic device, and the sealing assembly (10) installed between the lower cover (4) and the cation exchange membrane anode (2).

2. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode zone cyclone lower liquid inlet (6) and the cathode zone cyclone upper liquid outlet (7) are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees with the electrolytic device, and the liquid inlet and outlet are located at the tangent position of the liquid inlet and outlet.

3. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper cover (3) is provided with the anode positioning hole (31) at the center position, and the cation exchange membrane anode (2) is positioned and fixed by the anode positioning rod (11) at the upper part of the cation exchange membrane anode (2) and the anode positioning hole (31) of the upper cover (3).

4. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower cover (4) is provided with the cation exchange membrane anode liquid inlet hole (41) and the cation exchange membrane anode liquid outlet hole (42).

5. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cation exchange membrane anode (2) is provided with the anode zone electrolyte liquid inlet (21) and the anode zone electrolyte liquid outlet (22), and 2-4 electrolyte overflow ports (23) are arranged at the top end of the anode device.

6. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode cylinder (1), the cathode zone cyclone upper liquid outlet (7), the cathode cylinder (1), the lower support isolation ring (9), and the lower support isolation ring (9) are provided with the sealing groove matched with the abutting surface of the cathode zone cyclone lower liquid inlet (6), and the sealing assembly (10) is O-shaped sealing or X-shaped sealing.

7. A rotating flow cation exchange membrane electrolytic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper cover (3) and the cathode zone cyclone upper liquid outlet (7), the lower cover (4) and the cathode zone cyclone lower liquid inlet (6) adopt the rotary pressing mechanical structure, and the sealing groove matched with the contact surface is arranged, and the sealing assembly (10) is O-shaped sealing or X-shaped sealing.

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