Energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy storage device and an energy storage system. The energy storage device comprises a first container, a second container and a heat management assembly. The first container is provided with a plurality of first battery clusters which are sequentially arranged in the first direction, and the second container is arranged on the upper side of the first container in the second direction in a stacked mode and provided with a plurality of second battery clusters which are sequentially arranged in the first direction. The heat management assembly comprises a heat management unit, a heat exchange part and a connecting pipeline; and the heat management unit is positioned on one side of the second battery cluster along the first direction. And the heat exchange component comprises a first part arranged on the first battery cluster and a second part arranged on the second battery cluster. And the heat management unit is connected with the first part and the second part of the heat exchange component through the connecting pipeline to form a medium circulation loop for adjusting the temperature of all the battery devices. According to the technical scheme, all parts in the energy storage device can be reasonably arranged, and the number of battery devices arranged in the same size is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to an energy storage device and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Containerized energy storage systems are complete energy storage devices that highly integrate battery cells, battery management systems, energy storage converters, temperature control systems, fire protection systems, and electrical equipment into a standard container.

[0003] Currently, the arrangement of components in energy storage devices is not very compact, and the internal space of the container is wasted. Therefore, the above structure needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system that can reasonably arrange the various components in the energy storage device and increase the number of battery devices arranged in the same volume.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an energy storage device, including a first container, a second container, and a thermal management assembly. The first container has multiple first battery clusters arranged sequentially along a first direction. The second container is stacked on top of the first container along a second direction and has multiple second battery clusters arranged sequentially along the first direction; the first and second directions are perpendicular to each other. The thermal management assembly includes a thermal management unit, heat exchange components, and connecting pipes. The thermal management unit is disposed within the second container and located on one side of the second battery clusters along the first direction. The heat exchange components include a first portion disposed on the first battery clusters and a second portion disposed on the second battery clusters for heat exchange with the battery devices. The connecting pipes connect the thermal management unit to the first and second portions of the heat exchange components, forming a medium circulation loop for regulating the temperature of all battery devices.

[0006] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, an integrated thermal management component simultaneously controls the temperature of all battery clusters in both upper and lower containers. Furthermore, the thermal management unit, the second battery clusters, and other equipment and functions are centrally integrated in the second container, with the thermal management unit placed on one side, forming a clear functional zoning. This layout is compact and orderly, providing convenient operating space for daily inspection, maintenance, and troubleshooting of internal equipment, reducing operational complexity. Moreover, the space originally used for the thermal management unit in the first container is freed up to accommodate more battery devices, increasing space utilization and improving the volumetric energy density of the energy storage device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first battery cluster includes a plurality of battery devices arranged sequentially along a second direction, and the second battery cluster includes a plurality of battery devices arranged sequentially along the second direction. In the above structure, by stacking the multiple battery devices within each battery cluster vertically, the internal height space of the container is maximized. This vertical stacking method matches the height of the container's tall structure, reducing space waste that might result from horizontal arrangement, thereby integrating more battery devices within a limited footprint and improving the volumetric energy density and area energy density of the entire energy storage device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first part includes a plurality of first heat exchange plates, each corresponding to a plurality of battery devices in the first battery cluster, with each first heat exchange plate contacting and exchanging heat with a corresponding battery device. In the above structure, by configuring a separate heat exchange plate for each battery device, the minimum unitization of thermal management is achieved. This mode allows heat to be quickly and directly conducted away from the maximum surface area of ​​each battery device, greatly improving heat exchange efficiency. It solves the problem of excessive temperature differences within the battery cluster that may exist in traditional solutions, ensuring that all battery devices are in a nearly uniform optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the consistency of battery device performance, cycle life, and overall safety.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second part has the same structure as the first part. The second part includes multiple second heat exchange plates, each corresponding to a battery device in the second battery cluster, and each second heat exchange plate contacts and exchanges heat with a corresponding battery device. In the above structure, the second part adopts the exact same structure as the first part, meaning that the key heat exchange components are standardized and modularized. This simplifies the system design process and reduces the complexity and cost of manufacturing and spare parts management. Simultaneously, for maintenance personnel, only one maintenance standard and method are needed to handle the thermal management components of the two-layer container, significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first container further includes a first housing, with the first battery cluster and a first component housed within the first housing. The second container further includes a second housing, with the second battery cluster, a thermal management unit, and a second component housed within the second housing. Connecting pipes pass through the walls of the first and second housings, connecting the first component to the thermal management unit. In the above structure, by integrating the first battery cluster and its heat exchange components entirely into the first housing, and integrating the second battery cluster, thermal management unit, and heat exchange components into the second housing, clear functional modular zoning is achieved. This layout makes the system structure compact and well-organized, optimizes internal space utilization, and facilitates the installation, commissioning, and maintenance of each component. The connecting pipes passing through the walls of the first and second housings establish a stable and short thermal management medium transport channel between the upper and lower housings. This direct wall-penetrating connection method reduces pipe length and the number of bends, lowers flow resistance and heat loss, improves circulation efficiency, and avoids the physical damage risks that external pipes may cause, ensuring the long-term reliability of the thermal management system.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first container includes a top wall, and the second container includes a bottom wall, with the bottom wall and top wall stacked on top of each other. Connecting pipes pass through the top and bottom walls to connect the first part to the thermal management unit. In the above structure, by directly opening holes in the walls of the two containers and connecting them with pipes, two originally independent standardized containers are structurally and functionally tightly integrated into a unified whole system. Furthermore, the connection adopts the shortest path vertical connection method, minimizing the length of the connecting pipes. This not only saves on pipe material costs, but more importantly, it reduces pressure and heat losses in the pipes, improves the efficiency of thermal management medium circulation, thereby reducing system operating energy consumption and ensuring the overall efficiency of thermal management.

[0012] In some embodiments, the top wall of the first container has a first through hole, and the bottom wall of the second container has a second through hole. The energy storage device further includes a connecting assembly, which includes a connecting sleeve and a sealing frame. The connecting sleeve is disposed within the first through hole and is fixedly connected to the second container. The sealing frame is disposed within the second through hole and is fixedly connected to the first container. The connecting sleeve is located outside the sealing frame, and a sealing element is provided on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve. The sealing frame is sealed to the connecting sleeve via the sealing element, and the connecting sleeve and the sealing frame form a channel for the connecting pipeline to pass through. In the above structure, by providing the connecting sleeve and the sealing frame, a channel is provided for the connecting pipeline to pass through the container. Furthermore, by providing the sealing element, the sealing performance of the connection between the first and second containers is further improved. This ensures that the connecting pipeline is isolated from the external environment, reduces the impact of the environment on the connecting pipeline, and improves its service life.

[0013] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes an energy storage converter and multiple AC circuit breakers. The DC side of the energy storage converter is connected to the first and second battery clusters via a DC bus, forming multiple independent cluster-level charging and discharging circuits. Multiple AC circuit breakers are located within the first container and electrically connected to the AC side of the energy storage converter. Each AC circuit breaker is configured to indirectly control the circuit connection between its corresponding cluster-level charging and discharging circuit and external equipment by controlling the switching on and off of the AC side of the energy storage converter. In this structure, the AC circuit breakers are centrally located within the first container at the bottom, allowing for safe and convenient switching operations of all high-voltage circuits from the ground without the need to climb to heights. This solves the problems of inconvenient operation of high-voltage equipment and the risks of working at heights in stacked energy storage systems, improving system maintainability. Each AC circuit breaker indirectly controls its corresponding battery cluster circuit by controlling its AC side, establishing a precise and independent control link. When any battery cluster or PCS module fails, rapid isolation can be achieved by operating the corresponding AC circuit breaker, minimizing the scope of the fault and ensuring the normal operation of the rest of the system.

[0014] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fire suppression system, comprising a fire suppression control unit, water fire suppression piping, multiple sprinklers, and fire suppression wiring harness piping. The fire suppression control unit is located within the first container. The water fire suppression piping includes a first water pipe distributed within the first container and a second water pipe distributed within the second container. The first and second water pipes are used to connect to a fire suppression fluid supply source. Multiple sprinklers are respectively located on the first and second water pipes, corresponding to the battery devices in the first and second battery clusters. The fire suppression wiring harness piping includes a first wiring harness located within the first container and a second wiring harness located within the second container. The second wiring harness passes through the bodies of the first and second containers and connects to the fire suppression control unit together with the first wiring harness, for transmitting fire detection signals and control commands. This structure centralizes the fire suppression control unit within the first container at the bottom, facilitating unified monitoring of the entire system's fire alarm status and rapid activation of fire suppression procedures from the nearest location. This shortens fire confirmation and response time, ensuring rapid extinguishing of fires in their critical initial stages. Using a single fire alarm control panel to provide fire protection for both upper and lower layers of containers simultaneously saves on the number of core components such as fire alarm control panels and control modules compared to a solution where each layer has its own independent control panel. This reduces the system's hardware costs, installation costs, and subsequent maintenance costs, and simplifies the system architecture.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides an energy storage system, which includes a power conversion device and the energy storage device in the above embodiments, wherein the power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power-consuming device and the energy storage device.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The features, advantages, and technical effects of exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device according to some embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to other embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to other embodiments of this application.

[0023] Detailed Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0024] 1. Energy storage device; 2. Battery unit; 3. Thermal management assembly; 301. Thermal management unit; 302. Heat exchange component; 303. Connecting pipeline; 304. First part; 305. Second part; 306. Fastening bolt; 4. Battery cell; 5. Outer casing; 5a. First sub-section; 5b. Second sub-section; 5c. Accommodation space; 6. First container; 601. First battery cluster; 602. First housing; 603. Top wall; 604. First through hole; 7. Second container; 701. Second battery cluster; 702. Second housing; 703. Bottom wall; 704. Second through hole; 8. Connecting assembly; 801. Connecting sleeve; 802. Sealing frame; 803. Seal; 901. Energy storage converter; 902. AC circuit breaker; X, First direction; Y, Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0028] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of this application shown in the accompanying drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of the integrated device, are merely illustrative and should not constitute any limitation on this application.

[0035] In the embodiments of this application, "parallel" includes not only the case of absolute parallelism, but also the case of approximate parallelism as commonly understood in engineering; similarly, "perpendicular" also includes not only the case of absolute perpendicularity, but also the case of approximate perpendicularity as commonly understood in engineering. For example, if the angle between two directions is 85°-95°, the two directions can be considered perpendicular; if the angle between two directions is 0°-5°, the two directions can be considered parallel.

[0036] In this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two).

[0037] This application provides an energy storage device including one or more battery clusters to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device. The battery clusters may include multiple battery cells connected in series to increase the voltage of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device. Each battery cell may include multiple individual battery cells connected in series or in parallel.

[0038] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.

[0039] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0040] Energy storage devices can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage devices can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, an energy storage device can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires energy storage devices.

[0041] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0042] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include a housing and one or more battery clusters, with the batteries housed within the housing.

[0043] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include modules such as thermal management components, main control module, central control module, power distribution module, and fire protection components.

[0044] As an example, the thermal management component may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each battery device via piping to regulate the temperature of the individual battery cells.

[0045] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0046] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit for an energy storage device, used to monitor and manage the device. The central control module can monitor information such as the energy storage device's current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an Insulation Monitoring Module (IMM), a Master Battery Management Unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0047] As an example, a fire protection system includes control panels, detectors, alarm devices, etc., used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in energy storage systems.

[0048] As an example, the power distribution unit can be used to distribute power to the power modules of the energy storage device.

[0049] The battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity. A battery cell assembly may include multiple battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections via a busbar.

[0050] In some embodiments, a battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0051] In some embodiments, the battery device may be a battery pack, which includes an outer casing and one or more battery cell assemblies housed within the outer casing.

[0052] As an example, battery cell assemblies can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple battery cells to the housing.

[0053] As an example, the outer casing may include a first sub-section and a second sub-section. The first and second sub-sections are fastened together to form a closed space inside the sub-sections to house the individual battery cells. Here, "closed" refers to covering or shutting down; it can be sealed or not sealed. The first sub-section may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0054] As an example, the sub-section may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, forming an enclosed space inside the sub-section to accommodate multiple battery cells.

[0055] Figure 1 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the battery device 2 includes an outer casing 5 and battery cells 4, with the battery cells 4 housed within the outer casing 5. The battery cell 4 can be the smallest unit that makes up a battery.

[0056] The outer casing 5 is used to house the battery cell 4, and the outer casing 5 can have various structures. In some embodiments, the outer casing 5 may include a first sub-part 5a and a second sub-part 5b, which overlap each other, and together define a receiving space 5c for housing the battery cell 4. The second sub-part 5b may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first sub-part 5a may be a plate-like structure, with the first sub-part 5a covering the open side of the second sub-part 5b to form an outer casing 5 with the receiving space 5c; alternatively, both the first sub-part 5a and the second sub-part 5b may be hollow structures with one side open, with the open side of the first sub-part 5a covering the open side of the second sub-part 5b to form an outer casing 5 with the receiving space 5c. Of course, the first sub-part 5a and the second sub-part 5b can have various shapes, such as cylinders, cuboids, etc.

[0057] To improve the sealing performance after the first sub-part 5a and the second sub-part 5b are connected, a sealing element, such as sealant or sealing ring, can also be provided between the first sub-part 5a and the second sub-part 5b.

[0058] Assuming that the first sub-part 5a covers the top of the second sub-part 5b, the first sub-part 5a can also be called the upper box cover, and the second sub-part 5b can also be called the lower outer box.

[0059] In the battery device 2, there can be one or more battery cells 4. If there are multiple battery cells 4, they can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed manner. A mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 4 are connected in both series and parallel.

[0060] Multiple battery cells 4 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 4 can be housed in the outer box 5; of course, multiple battery cells 4 can also be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules can then be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a whole, and housed in the outer box 5.

[0061] In related technologies, multiple energy storage devices in an energy storage system are separate systems, each containing a corresponding battery cluster and a heat exchange module. The heat exchange unit within the heat exchange module is located on top of the battery cluster. Therefore, the heat exchange unit occupies internal space within the energy storage device, compressing the space available for the battery devices.

[0062] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device that simultaneously controls the temperature of all battery clusters in two layers of containers using an integrated thermal management system. Specifically, the thermal management unit, the second battery clusters, and other equipment and functions are centrally integrated into the second container, with the thermal management unit positioned to one side, creating a clear functional zoning. This compact and orderly layout provides convenient operating space for daily inspection, maintenance, and troubleshooting of internal equipment, reducing operational complexity. Furthermore, the space originally allocated for the thermal management unit in the first container is freed up to accommodate more battery devices, increasing space utilization and improving the volumetric energy density of the energy storage device.

[0063] Please refer to the reference. Figures 2 to 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to other embodiments of this application.

[0064] As shown in the figure, the energy storage device 1 provided in this embodiment includes a first container 6, a second container 7, and a thermal management component 3. The first container 6 has multiple first battery clusters 601 arranged sequentially along a first direction X. The second container 7 is stacked on top of the first container 6 along a second direction Y, and has multiple second battery clusters 701 arranged sequentially along the first direction X. The first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other. The thermal management component 3 includes a thermal management unit 301, a heat exchange component 302, and a connecting pipe 303. The thermal management unit 301 is disposed inside the second container 7 and located on one side of the second battery clusters 701 along the first direction X. The heat exchange component 302 includes a first portion 304 disposed on the first battery clusters 601 and a second portion 305 disposed on the second battery clusters 701 for heat exchange with the battery devices 2. The connecting pipe 303 connects the thermal management unit 301 to the first portion 304 and the second portion 305 of the heat exchange component 302, forming a medium circulation loop for regulating the temperature of all battery devices 2.

[0065] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, an integrated thermal management component 3 simultaneously controls the temperature of all battery clusters in both upper and lower containers. Furthermore, the thermal management unit 301, the second battery cluster 701, and other equipment and functions are centrally integrated in the second container 7, with the thermal management unit 301 placed on one side, forming a clear functional zoning. This layout is compact and orderly, providing convenient operating space for daily inspection, maintenance, and troubleshooting of internal equipment, reducing operational complexity. Moreover, the space originally used for the thermal management unit 301 in the first container 6 is freed up to accommodate more battery devices 2, increasing space utilization and improving the volumetric energy density of the energy storage device 1.

[0066] Optionally, the first direction X can be a direction parallel to the horizontal direction, and the second direction Y can be a vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction. Stacking the first container 6 and the second container 7 vertically can reduce the floor space occupied and improve the utilization rate in the vertical direction.

[0067] For example, the height of a container is typically 4.5m, and the height of the battery unit 2 is typically 200mm-300mm. In related technologies, four battery clusters are generally installed inside the container, each battery cluster including five battery units 2 arranged along the height direction, with reserved space at the top of the battery cluster for installing a heat exchange unit. This structure reduces the number of battery units 2 in each battery cluster due to the increased use of height space.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, four battery clusters are also provided in each container, and each battery cluster can have a maximum number of battery devices 2 arranged along the height direction, so seven battery devices 2 can be arranged. At the same time, the width space in the horizontal direction is insufficient to arrange a battery cluster, so a thermal management unit 301 is arranged, and two containers share a thermal management unit 301. The remaining space on the side of the first container 6 can be used to arrange other electrical components.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the first battery cluster 601 includes a plurality of battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y, and the second battery cluster 701 includes a plurality of battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y. For example, the first battery cluster 601 includes 7 battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y, and the second battery cluster 701 includes 7 battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y.

[0070] By stacking multiple battery devices 2 within each battery cluster vertically, the vertical space inside the container is maximized. This vertical stacking method matches the tall structure of the container itself, reducing the space waste that might result from horizontal arrangement. As a result, more battery devices 2 are integrated within a limited footprint, improving the volumetric energy density and area energy density of the entire energy storage device 1.

[0071] Furthermore, the vertically stacked battery cells 4 can be stably integrated within a unified module frame, enhancing the overall mechanical strength of the battery module. This structure makes each battery module a standardized, robust, and independent unit, facilitating installation, securing, and subsequent replacement, thereby improving the system's modularity and structural reliability.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, the first part 304 includes a plurality of first heat exchange plates, which are configured one-to-one with a plurality of battery devices 2 in the first battery cluster 601, and each first heat exchange plate contacts and exchanges heat with a corresponding battery device 2.

[0073] In the above structure, thermal management is minimized by configuring a heat exchange plate for each battery device 2. This approach ensures that heat can be quickly and directly conducted away from the maximum surface area of ​​each battery device 2, greatly improving heat exchange efficiency. It solves the problem of excessive temperature differences within the battery cluster that may exist in traditional solutions, ensuring that all battery devices 2 are in a nearly uniform optimal operating temperature range, thereby significantly improving the consistency of battery performance, cycle life, and overall safety.

[0074] The one-to-one direct contact heat exchange reduces reliance on intermediate media such as air, resulting in faster thermal response and more precise temperature control. Even if a battery device 2 experiences abnormal overheating, its corresponding heat exchange plate can immediately and effectively dissipate heat, effectively suppressing the risk of thermal runaway and providing a higher level of safety for the system.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the second part 305 has the same structure as the first part 304. The second part 305 includes a plurality of second heat exchange plates that are arranged one-to-one with the plurality of battery devices 2 in the second battery cluster 701, and each second heat exchange plate contacts and exchanges heat with a corresponding battery device 2.

[0076] In the aforementioned structure, the second part 305 adopts the same structure as the first part 304, signifying the standardization and modularization of the key heat exchange component 302. This simplifies the system design process and reduces the complexity and cost of manufacturing and spare parts management. Simultaneously, for maintenance personnel, only the same set of maintenance standards and methods are needed to handle the thermal management components 3 of both containers, reducing the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the first container 6 further includes a first container body 602, a first battery cluster 601 and a first portion 304 disposed within the first container body 602, and the second container 7 further includes a second container body 702, a second battery cluster 701, a thermal management unit 301 and a second portion 305 disposed within the second container body 702, and a connecting pipe 303 passes between the walls of the first container body 602 and the second container body 702, and connects the first portion 304 disposed within the first container body 602 to the thermal management unit 301 disposed within the second container body 702.

[0078] In the above structure, by integrating the first battery cluster 601 and its heat exchange component 302 into the first housing 602, and integrating the second battery cluster 701, thermal management unit 301, and heat exchange component 302 into the second housing 702, a clear functional modular partitioning is achieved. This layout makes the system structure compact and well-organized, optimizes the use of internal space, and facilitates the installation, commissioning, and maintenance of each component. The connecting pipe 303 passes between the walls of the first housing 602 and the second housing 702, establishing a stable and short thermal management medium transport channel between the upper and lower housings. This direct connection method through the housing walls reduces pipe length and the number of bends, reduces flow resistance and heat loss, improves circulation efficiency, and avoids the risk of physical damage that may be caused by external pipes, ensuring the long-term reliability of the thermal management system.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, the first housing 602 includes a top wall 603, and the second housing 702 includes a bottom wall 703. The bottom wall 703 and the top wall 603 are stacked together. A connecting pipe 303 passes through the top wall 603 and the bottom wall 703 to connect the first part 304 housed in the first housing 602 to the thermal management unit 301 housed in the second housing 702.

[0080] By directly drilling holes in the walls of two containers and connecting them with pipes, two originally independent standardized containers are structurally and functionally integrated into a unified whole system. This through-connection ensures the integrity of the media circulation loop, while requiring high-standard sealing technology to effectively isolate the equipment inside the container from external environmental factors such as dust and moisture, and prevent internal media leakage, thus ensuring the long-term operational reliability of the system in various harsh environments such as outdoors.

[0081] Furthermore, by directly drilling holes in the walls of the two containers and connecting them with pipes, the two originally independent standardized containers are structurally and functionally integrated into a unified whole system. Moreover, the connection employs a vertical connection method with the shortest path, minimizing the length of the connecting pipes. This not only saves on pipe material costs, but more importantly, it reduces pressure and heat losses in the pipeline, improves the efficiency of the thermal management medium circulation, thereby reducing system operating energy consumption and ensuring the overall effectiveness of thermal management.

[0082] The pipes pass through the main load-bearing structure of the container, and their connections themselves serve as an auxiliary point to enhance structural stability. This design avoids openings in the side walls of the container or using complex external pipe layouts, shortens the length of connecting pipes, maintains the integrity and mechanical strength of the container's main structure, and makes the stacked structure more stable and safe, meeting the structural requirements for transportation and operation.

[0083] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the top wall 603 of the first housing 602 is provided with a first through hole 604, and the bottom wall 703 of the second housing 702 is provided with a second through hole 704. The energy storage device 1 also includes a connecting assembly 8, which includes a connecting sleeve 801 and a sealing frame 802. The connecting sleeve 801 is disposed in the first through hole 604 and is fixedly connected to the second housing 702. The sealing frame 802 is disposed in the second through hole 704 and is fixedly connected to the first housing 602. The connecting sleeve 801 is disposed outside the sealing frame 802, and the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 801 is provided with a sealing element 803. The sealing frame 802 is sealed to the connecting sleeve 801 through the sealing element 803, and the connecting sleeve 801 and the sealing frame 802 form a channel for the connecting pipe 303 to pass through.

[0084] In the above structure, the connecting sleeve 801 and the sealing frame 802 provide a passage for the connecting pipe 303 to pass through the container. Furthermore, the sealing element 803 further enhances the sealing performance of the connection between the first container 6 and the second container 7. This ensures that the connecting pipe 303 is isolated from the external environment, reducing the impact of the environment on the connecting pipe 303 and extending its service life.

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the energy storage device 1 further includes an energy storage converter 901 and multiple AC circuit breakers 902. The DC side of the energy storage converter 901 is connected to the first battery cluster 601 and the second battery cluster 701 respectively via a DC bus, forming multiple independent cluster-level charging and discharging circuits. The multiple AC circuit breakers 902 are disposed inside the first container 6 and are electrically connected to the AC side of the energy storage converter 901. Each AC circuit breaker is configured to indirectly control the circuit connection between its corresponding cluster-level charging and discharging circuit and external equipment by controlling the on / off state of the AC side of the energy storage converter 901.

[0086] In the above structure, by establishing an independent cluster-level charge and discharge circuit for each battery cluster, the risks of circulating current and inconsistencies caused by parallel connection of multiple battery clusters are reduced. Each battery cluster can operate at its optimal state, improving the overall charge and discharge efficiency of the system and effectively extending the service life of the battery pack. All AC circuit breakers 902 are centrally located in the first container 6 at the bottom layer, allowing for safe and convenient switching operations of all high-voltage circuits from the ground without the need to climb to heights. This solves the problems of inconvenient operation of high-voltage equipment and the risks of working at heights in stacked energy storage systems, improving the maintainability of the system.

[0087] Each AC circuit breaker indirectly controls its corresponding battery cluster circuit by controlling the AC side, establishing a precise and independent control link. This architecture facilitates refined energy management and fault isolation. When any battery cluster fails, rapid isolation can be achieved by operating the corresponding AC circuit breaker, minimizing the scope of the fault's impact and ensuring the normal operation of the rest of the system. The combination of independent DC-side circuits and centralized AC-side control reduces complex DC bus links and potential fault points.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the energy storage device 1 further includes a fire-fighting component, which includes a fire control unit, water fire-fighting pipelines, multiple sprinklers, and fire-fighting wiring harnesses. The fire control unit is located within the first container 6. The water fire-fighting pipelines include a first water pipeline distributed within the first container 6 and a second water pipeline distributed within the second container 7. The first and second water pipelines are used to connect to a fire-fighting fluid supply source. Exemplarily, the fire-fighting fluid supply source can be a municipal fire hydrant or a municipal mobile fire-fighting water source, etc. The multiple sprinklers are respectively located on the first and second water pipelines and correspond to the positions of the battery devices in the first battery cluster 601 and the second battery cluster 701. The fire-fighting wiring harnesses include a first wiring harness located within the first container 6 and a second wiring harness located within the second container 7. The second wiring harness passes through the bodies of the first container 6 and the second container 7 and connects to the fire control unit together with the first wiring harness for transmitting fire detection signals and control commands.

[0089] In the aforementioned structure, the fire alarm control panel is centrally located in the first container on the ground floor, facilitating unified monitoring of the entire system's fire alarm status and rapid activation of fire suppression procedures. This significantly shortens fire confirmation and response time, ensuring rapid extinguishment at the critical initial stage of a fire. By strategically arranging water fire suppression pipelines and sprinklers corresponding to the battery unit locations within the upper and lower containers, it ensures that the extinguishing agent accurately and evenly covers every potential ignition point, eliminating fire blind spots. This design improves fire suppression efficiency and effectively suppresses the spread of battery thermal runaway within clusters and across containers, providing crucial safety assurance for the system. Using a single fire alarm control panel to provide fire protection (including water extinguishing and signal monitoring) for both upper and lower containers simultaneously, compared to a separate control panel for each floor, saves on the number of core components such as the fire alarm control panel and control modules, reducing system hardware costs, installation costs, and subsequent maintenance costs, while simplifying the system architecture.

[0090] In some alternative embodiments, the energy storage device 1 includes a first container 6, a second container 7, and a thermal management assembly 3. The first container 6 has multiple first battery clusters 601 arranged sequentially along a first direction X. The second container 7 is stacked on top of the first container 6 along a second direction Y, and has multiple second battery clusters 701 arranged sequentially along the first direction X. The first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other. The thermal management assembly 3 includes a thermal management unit 301, a heat exchange component 302, and a connecting pipe 303. The thermal management unit 301 is disposed within the second container 7 and located on one side of the second battery clusters 701 along the first direction X. The heat exchange component 302 includes a first portion 304 disposed on the first battery clusters 601 and a second portion 305 disposed on the second battery clusters 701 for heat exchange with the battery devices 2. The connecting pipe 303 connects the thermal management unit 301 to the first portion 304 and the second portion 305 of the heat exchange component 302, forming a medium circulation loop for regulating the temperature of all battery devices 2. The first battery cluster 601 includes seven battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y, and the second battery cluster 701 includes seven battery devices 2 arranged sequentially along the second direction Y. The first part 304 includes multiple first heat exchange plates, which are arranged one-to-one with the multiple battery devices 2 in the first battery cluster 601, and each first heat exchange plate contacts and exchanges heat with a corresponding battery device 2. The second part 305 has the same structure as the first part 304. The first container 6 also includes a first body 602, in which the first battery cluster 601 and the first part 304 are disposed. The second container 7 also includes a second body 702, in which the second battery cluster 701, the thermal management unit 301, and the second part 305 are disposed. A connecting pipe 303 passes between the walls of the first body 602 and the second body 702, and connects the first part 304, which is housed in the first body 602, to the thermal management unit 301, which is housed in the second body 702.

[0091] This application provides an energy storage system, including a power conversion device and an energy storage device 1 as described in the above embodiments. The power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power-consuming device and the energy storage device 1. The energy storage system includes the energy storage device 1, which uses an integrated thermal management component 3 to simultaneously control the temperature of all battery clusters in both upper and lower containers. Furthermore, the thermal management unit 301, the second battery cluster 701, and other equipment and functions are centrally integrated in the second container 7, with the thermal management unit 301 placed on one side, forming a clear functional zoning. This layout is compact and orderly, providing convenient operating space for daily inspection, maintenance, and troubleshooting of internal equipment, reducing operational complexity. Moreover, the space originally used for the thermal management unit 301 in the first container 6 is freed up to accommodate more battery devices 2, increasing space utilization and improving the volumetric energy density of the energy storage device 1.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by, The energy storage device comprises: a first container, which is provided with a plurality of first battery clusters arranged in sequence along a first direction; a second container, which is arranged on the upper side of the first container along a second direction, and is provided with a plurality of second battery clusters arranged in sequence along the first direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; a thermal management assembly, which comprises a thermal management unit, a heat exchange component, and a connecting pipeline, the thermal management unit being arranged in the second container and located on one side of the plurality of second battery clusters along the first direction, the heat exchange component comprising a first part arranged on the first battery clusters and a second part arranged on the second battery clusters, and being used for heat exchange with the battery devices, and the connecting pipeline connecting the thermal management unit with the first part and the second part of the heat exchange component to form a medium circulation loop for adjusting the temperature of all the battery devices.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The first battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery devices arranged in sequence along the second direction, and the second battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery devices arranged in sequence along the second direction.

3. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein, The first part comprises a plurality of first heat exchange plates, the plurality of first heat exchange plates being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery devices in the first battery cluster, and each first heat exchange plate being in contact with a corresponding battery device for heat exchange.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3, wherein, The second part is identical in structure to the first part, and the second part comprises a plurality of second heat exchange plates arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery devices in the second battery cluster, and each second heat exchange plate is in contact with a corresponding battery device for heat exchange.

5. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The first container further comprises a first box body, the first battery clusters and the first part being arranged in the first box body, The second container further comprises a second box body, the second battery clusters, the thermal management unit, and the second part being arranged in the second box body, and the connecting pipeline being arranged between the walls of the first box body and the second box body and connecting the first part with the thermal management unit.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein, The first box body comprises a top wall, and the second box body comprises a bottom wall, the bottom wall being arranged in a stacked manner with the top wall, and the connecting pipeline passing through the top wall and the bottom wall to connect the first part with the thermal management unit.

7. The energy storage device of claim 6, wherein, The top wall of the first box body is provided with a first through hole, the bottom wall of the second box body is provided with a second through hole, and the energy storage device further comprises a connecting assembly, the connecting assembly comprising: a connecting sleeve arranged in the second through hole and fixedly connected with the second box body; a sealing frame arranged in the first through hole and fixedly connected with the first box body; wherein the connecting sleeve is arranged outside the sealing frame, the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is provided with a sealing element, the sealing frame is sealingly connected with the connecting sleeve through the sealing element, and the connecting sleeve and the sealing frame form a channel for the connecting pipeline to pass through.

8. The energy storage device of claim 7, wherein, The energy storage device further comprises: an energy storage converter, whose direct current side is connected with the first battery clusters and the second battery clusters through a direct current bus to form a plurality of independent cluster-level charge and discharge circuits; a plurality of alternating current breakers arranged in the first container and electrically connected with the alternating current side of the energy storage converter. Each of the AC circuit breakers is configured to indirectly control circuit connection between its corresponding one of the cluster-level charge-discharge circuits and external devices by controlling on-off of an AC side of the energy storage converter.

9. The energy storage device of any one of claims 6-8, wherein, The fire-fighting assembly comprises: a fire-fighting host arranged in the first container; a water fire-fighting pipeline comprising a first water pipeline distributed in the first container and a second water pipeline distributed in the second container, the first water pipeline and the second water pipeline being used for connecting a fire-fighting liquid supply source; a plurality of nozzles arranged on the first water pipeline and the second water pipeline respectively and corresponding to positions of battery devices in the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster; a fire-fighting wire harness pipeline comprising a first wire harness arranged in the first container and a second wire harness arranged in the second container, the second wire harness penetrating through the bodies of the first container and the second container and being connected to the fire-fighting host together with the first wire harness to transmit a fire-fighting detection signal and a control instruction.

10. An energy storage system characterized by, The power conversion device is used for electrically connecting the electrical device and the energy storage device.

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