Air distribution type smoke dust treatment equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and relates to air distribution type smoke treatment equipment which comprises a reaction cavity loaded with an inert and an air distribution plate arranged in the reaction cavity, the interior of the reaction cavity is in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment; the reaction cavity is provided with a smoke gas inlet, a smoke gas outlet, a material supplementing opening and a slag discharging opening which are communicated with the reaction cavity; the inerts are stacked or flatly laid on the air distribution plate; metal smoke dust to be treated enters the reaction cavity through the smoke dust air inlet, impacts or is introduced into the inerts after being divided by the air dividing plate and is physically combined with the inerts, and the purified metal smoke dust is discharged through the air outlet. The utility model provides the air distribution type smoke dust treatment equipment which is thorough in separation, easy to operate and high in safety degree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of additive manufacturing and relates to a dust treatment device, particularly a dust distribution type dust treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of metal additive manufacturing, metal fumes containing metal powder particles and / or metal condensates (black slag) generated during the process are often produced. These fumes have a very low minimum ignition energy and are highly flammable. Therefore, special dust removal equipment is required to remove, collect, transfer, or store the dust in a safe environment.

[0003] Conventional dust removal methods primarily utilize an inert gas atmosphere to prevent dust from reacting with oxygen, thus preventing combustion by isolating the air. However, this type of dust removal device presents challenges in maintenance, including difficulties and hazards. Additionally, some dust removal methods work by simply filtering metal fumes to separate metal powder particles and / or metal condensates (black slag) generated during the process from the gas. However, this method is prone to incomplete separation and low separation efficiency.

[0004] In addition, there is a dust removal method that uses liquid passivation, which involves filling the dust collection bin / filter box with liquid such as water for passivation before proceeding with other maintenance steps. However, this method requires a lot of manpower and material resources and is not suitable for aluminum / aluminum alloy powder. Alternatively, natural incineration is also a common method, which involves placing the dust collection bin / filter box in a safe area and allowing it to react fully with oxygen to generate low-activity oxide dust. However, this method is highly dangerous, requires specific site conditions, is environmentally unfriendly, and results in the filter / dust collection bin being unusable or having a reduced lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the background art, the present invention provides a dust separation equipment that is thorough in separation, easy to operate and has a high degree of safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A dust collection device with air distribution characteristics: the dust collection device includes a reaction chamber loaded with inert materials and an air distribution plate placed inside the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment; the reaction chamber is provided with a dust inlet and an exhaust outlet, as well as a feed inlet and a slag outlet communicating with the reaction chamber; the inert materials are piled up or spread flat on the air distribution plate; the metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber through the dust inlet and is diverted by the air distribution plate, impacting or being introduced into the inert materials and physically combining with the inert materials; the purified metal dust is discharged through the exhaust outlet.

[0008] The reaction chamber is equipped with an air distribution chamber; the air distribution plate is laid on the air distribution chamber; the metal fumes to be treated enter the reaction chamber and pass through the air distribution chamber and the air distribution plate in sequence.

[0009] The aforementioned dust inlet is located on the side wall or bottom of the reaction chamber; when the dust inlet is located on the side wall of the reaction chamber, the metal dust to be treated is introduced into the air distribution chamber through the dust inlet and the pipe placed inside the reaction chamber; when the dust inlet is located at the bottom of the reaction chamber, the metal dust to be treated is introduced into the air distribution chamber through the dust inlet.

[0010] The aforementioned air distribution plate is provided with air distribution holes that penetrate the air distribution plate; there are multiple air distribution holes, which are evenly or non-evenly distributed on the air distribution plate.

[0011] When the aforementioned air distribution holes are arranged in a non-uniform manner on the air distribution plate, the density of air distribution holes located at the center of the air distribution plate is greater than the density of air distribution holes located at non-center positions of the air distribution plate.

[0012] The aforementioned air-distribution type dust treatment equipment also includes a filtration device placed inside the reaction chamber. The mixture generated after the metal dust to be treated physically combines with the inert material is intercepted by the filtration device; the purified metal dust is discharged through the filtration device and the exhaust port.

[0013] The aforementioned filtration equipment includes filter screens, filter cartridges, and / or cyclone separators.

[0014] The reaction chamber described above is either an integral structure or a split structure; when the reaction chamber is a split structure, the reaction chamber includes a fixing component and a detachable component movably connected to the fixing component; the filtration device is placed in the fixing component.

[0015] The aforementioned air-distribution type dust treatment equipment also includes a physical separation device connected to the reaction chamber; the physical separation device is a front-end separation device and / or a back-end separation device; when the physical separation device is a front-end separation device, the front-end separation device is connected to the dust inlet; when the physical separation device is a back-end separation device, the back-end separation device is connected to the exhaust port.

[0016] The aforementioned physical separation equipment includes filter elements, filter screens, cyclone separators, and / or mechanical labyrinths.

[0017] The advantages of this utility model are:

[0018] This invention provides a dust treatment device with a split-flow design, comprising a reaction chamber containing inert materials and a split-flow plate placed inside the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is located in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment. The reaction chamber is equipped with a dust inlet and an exhaust outlet, as well as a feed inlet and a slag outlet, all communicating with the reaction chamber. The inert materials are piled or spread on the split-flow plate. The metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber through the dust inlet and is then diverted by the split-flow plate, impacting or being introduced into the inert materials to physically combine with them. The purified metal dust is then discharged through the exhaust outlet. This invention, by setting up a split-flow plate within the reaction chamber, causes the metal dust to be treated entering the reaction chamber to be divided into at least two airflows, simultaneously impacting the inert materials. This increases the contact probability with the inert materials, allowing the metal dust to be treated to fully combine with them. This avoids problems such as insufficient inert materials or frequent backflushing leading to downtime, directly improving dust treatment efficiency and enhancing part printing quality and efficiency. Meanwhile, because the metal fumes to be treated are fully combined with the inert compounds, the reactivity of the metal fumes is greatly reduced, and the resulting mixture of metal fumes and inert compounds is also difficult to ignite in the air, making it safer. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-distribution type dust treatment equipment (bottom air supply type) provided by this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the air-distribution type dust treatment equipment (waist-mounted air supply type) provided by this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view of the air distribution plate used in this utility model.

[0022] in:

[0023] 1-Reaction chamber; 2-Inert material; 3-Fume inlet; 4-Exhaust outlet; 5-Filter equipment; 6-Feeding port; 7-Slag discharge port; 13-Air distribution plate; 14-Air distribution hole. Detailed Implementation

[0024] See Figure 1 as well as Figure 2This utility model provides a dust treatment device with air distribution, including a reaction chamber 1 containing inert material 2 and an air distribution plate 13 placed inside the reaction chamber 1; the reaction chamber 1 is in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment; the reaction chamber 1 is provided with a dust inlet 3 and an exhaust outlet 4, as well as a feed inlet 6 and a slag outlet 7 that are connected to the reaction chamber 1; the inert material 2 is piled up or spread on the air distribution plate 13; the metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber 1 through the dust inlet 3 and is diverted by the air distribution plate 13, impacting or passing into the inert material 2 and physically combining with the inert material 2; the purified metal dust is discharged through the exhaust outlet 4. The dust collection device provided by this utility model, when in use, fills the reaction chamber 1 with an excess or sufficient amount of inert material 2. When the metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber 1 through the dust inlet 3, it can fully mix with the inert material 2 in the reaction chamber 1, thereby forming a physically bonded mixture. Under the action of gravity, the physically bonded mixture gradually sinks and accumulates at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1. The purified metal dust is then discharged through the exhaust port 4 or recycled. For example, the air distribution plate 13 is preferably a perforated plate, used to evenly distribute the incoming metal dust to be treated at the bottom of the inert material 2 for uniform fluidization. The structure of the air distribution plate 13 is not limited; it can also be an array of long openings or a pipe with an internal flow channel, as long as it can control the airflow direction and distribute the flow. For example, the shape of the reaction chamber 1 is not limited; it can be square or circular, and it may or may not have internal partitions. It should be noted that the metal dust to be treated flows using inert gas as a carrier, powered by a fan or air pump.

[0025] The reaction chamber 1 contains an air distribution chamber; an air distribution plate 13 is laid on the air distribution chamber; the metal fumes to be treated enter the reaction chamber 1 and pass through the air distribution chamber and the air distribution plate 13 in sequence. The fume inlet 3 is located on the side wall or bottom of the reaction chamber 1; when the fume inlet 3 is located on the side wall of the reaction chamber 1, the metal fumes to be treated are introduced into the air distribution chamber through the fume inlet 3 and the pipe placed inside the reaction chamber 1; when the fume inlet 3 is located at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1, the metal fumes to be treated are introduced into the air distribution chamber through the fume inlet 3. For example, see [link to example]. Figure 1 (The overall structure features bottom-ventilated design) and Figure 2 (The overall structure is an upper-supply, diverting airflow design). The air distribution plate 13 is laid flat in the reaction chamber 1, and the inerting agent 2 is placed on top of the air distribution plate 13. The air distribution plate 13 has air distribution holes 14 that penetrate it. The metal fumes to be treated enter the reaction chamber 1 through the fume inlet 3, are diverted by the air distribution holes 14, and then impact or pass into the inerting agent 2, where they physically combine with the inerting agent 2. See also... Figure 1 The metal fumes to be treated flow into the reaction chamber 1 from the bottom. As the fumes rise, they are blocked and dispersed by the air distribution plate 13 within the reaction chamber 1, and then react fully with the inert material 2 on the air distribution plate 13. See also Figure 2 The metal fumes to be treated are introduced into the inert material 2 through the side wall of the reaction chamber 1. They first pass through the air distribution plate 13. The metal fumes to be treated flow back at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1 and rise to the air distribution plate 13. After being blocked and diverted by the air distribution plate 13, they form a dispersed state and then fully react with the inert material 2 on the air distribution plate 13.

[0026] See Figure 3 The air distribution plate 13 is provided with air distribution holes 14 penetrating the air distribution plate 13; for example, in order to fully disperse the metal fumes to be treated, there are multiple air distribution holes 14, which are evenly or non-evenly distributed on the air distribution plate 13. See Figure 3 As a preferred implementation, when the air distribution holes 14 are arranged non-uniformly on the air distribution plate 13, the density of the air distribution holes 14 located at the center of the air distribution plate 13 is greater than the density of the air distribution holes 14 located at the non-center positions of the air distribution plate 13. Preferably, the air distribution holes 14 are eccentrically distributed, thereby causing the inerted material 2 to flow periodically. It should be noted that the air distribution holes 14 on the air distribution plate 13 can also be asymmetrical, so that the air acting on the bottom of the inerted material 2 is appropriately deflected to one side, so as to generate swirling flow in the inerted material 2, causing the inerted material and additives to flow periodically, improving the uniformity of dust mixing. The air distribution plate 13 can also be used with a filter screen, that is, a filter screen is superimposed on the upper / lower side of the air distribution plate 13 to prevent the inerted material from falling below the air distribution plate 13, so as to reduce the pressure drop in the air path and make the fluidization effect more uniform. For example, in addition to the inerting material 2, auxiliary filter additives and auxiliary filter element cleaning additives, such as plastic filter media and lightweight coarse particles, can also be added to the air distribution plate 13 to improve the adsorption capacity of the metal fumes to be treated, and to a certain extent clean the filter element by means of friction from the additives. Obviously, in this invention, the inerting material 2 is laid on the air distribution plate 13 to form a fluidized bed, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time inerting.

[0027] See Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The dust collection device provided by this utility model also includes a filter device 5 placed inside the reaction chamber 1. The mixture generated after the metal dust to be treated physically combines with the inerting agent 2 is intercepted by the filter device 5; the purified metal dust is discharged through the filter device and the exhaust port 4. For example, the filter device 5 can be a filter screen, filter element and / or cyclone separator, but regardless of the structure, any conventional or non-standard device that can separate the airflow and the mixture generated after physical combination can be selected.

[0028] The reaction chamber 1 used in this invention can be a one-piece structure or a split structure. Figure 1Taking the structure shown as an example, when the reaction chamber 1 used in this utility model is an integral structure, the reaction chamber 1 is respectively provided with a feeding port 6 and a slag discharge port 7 that communicate with the interior of the reaction chamber 1; inert material 2 can be added to the reaction chamber 1 through the feeding port 6, and at the same time, the mixture generated after physical bonding can be discharged through the slag discharge port 7. When the reaction chamber 1 is a split structure, the reaction chamber 1 includes a fixed part and a detachable part that is movably connected to the fixed part; the filter device is placed in the fixed part. Before physical bonding, the detachable part is disassembled, and an appropriate amount of inert material 2 is filled into the detachable part. When physical bonding is completed, in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment, the detachable part containing the mixture generated after physical bonding is transferred or cleaned.

[0029] Furthermore, the dust collection device provided by this utility model also includes a physical separation device connected to the reaction chamber 1; the physical separation device is a front-end separation device and / or a back-end separation device; when the physical separation device is a front-end separation device, it is connected to the dust inlet 3; when the physical separation device is a back-end separation device, it is connected to the exhaust port 4. For example, the physical separation device may be a filter element, a filter screen, a cyclone separator, and / or a mechanical labyrinth.

[0030] See Figure 1 as well as Figure 2The working method of the air-distribution type dust treatment device provided by this utility model is described as follows: Inert material 2 is added into the reaction chamber 1. Preferably, additional additives can also be added to the inert material 2. Before physical bonding, the circulating air is started with a wind speed higher than the working speed. The circulating air enters through the dust inlet 3 and uses the high wind speed to blow the inert material 2 onto the surface of the filter device 5, or to disperse the inert material 2, so that the surface of the filter device 5 is covered with a layer of inert material to protect the filter device 5. After the filter device 5 is covered with a layer of inert material, the operation begins. The metal dust to be treated continuously passes through the inert material 2. At this time, most of the metal particles in the metal dust are adsorbed and left by the dispersed inert material 2. Some of the metal dust and the rolled-up or dispersed inert material 2 are blown onto the filter device 5 and adhere to the filter device 5. Once certain conditions are met (the filter device 5 is saturated, or the inerting agent 2 in the reaction chamber 1 has been completely blown away for a period of time, and a layer of pure dust adheres to the filter device 5, but the dust is not yet deep enough to penetrate the filter device 5), the metal dust to be treated is stopped from entering the dust inlet 3, and the filter device 5 is cleaned (for example, the filter device 5 is backflushed, that is, a strong airflow is used to blow the filter device 5 in the opposite direction to make the adhering material on the filter device 5 fall off; other methods such as mechanical scraping or mechanical vibration can also be used), the inerting agent 2 on the filter device 5 mixes with the metal particles in the metal dust and falls back to the bottom of the reaction chamber 1. It should be noted that the cleaning of the filter device 5 will not interrupt the purification process of the metal dust, avoiding problems such as machine shutdown caused by insufficient inerting agent or frequent backflushing, and can directly improve the dust treatment efficiency, improve the printing quality of parts and printing efficiency. After the mixture formed by the inerting agent 2 on the filter device 5 and the metal particles in the fumes to be treated is cleaned back into the reaction chamber 1, the fumes to be treated are reintroduced through the fume inlet 3, and the aforementioned process is repeated until the inerting agent 2 is fully utilized or completely combined with the metal particles in the fumes to be treated. Then, the mixture formed by the inerting agent 2 and the metal particles in the fumes to be treated is removed, and new pure inerting agent 2 is introduced to start a new round of fumes purification. It should be noted that if the cleaning method of the filter device 5 is mechanical scraping or other methods that do not affect the circulating air, the circulating air can continue to circulate, and mechanical scraping can be performed during continuous operation. Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The structure shown utilizes the filtration and adsorption effects of a fluidized bed to significantly reduce the amount of dust reaching the filtration device 5, thereby reducing the burden on the filtration device 5 and extending the filter element's lifespan. The fluidized bed's mixing capacity ensures uniform mixing of dust and inert materials; it requires no additional power source or moving parts.

Claims

1. A dust collection and treatment device with air distribution, characterized in that: The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment includes a reaction chamber (1) containing inert material (2) and an air distribution plate (13) placed inside the reaction chamber (1); the reaction chamber (1) is in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment; the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a dust inlet (3) and an exhaust outlet (4) communicating with the reaction chamber (1), as well as a feed inlet (6) and a slag outlet (7); the inert material (2) is piled up or spread on the air distribution plate (13); the metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber (1) through the dust inlet (3) and is diverted by the air distribution plate (13) and impacts or is introduced into the inert material (2) and physically combines with the inert material (2); the purified metal dust is discharged through the exhaust outlet (4).

2. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction chamber (1) is provided with an air distribution chamber; the air distribution plate (13) is laid on the air distribution chamber; the metal dust to be treated enters the reaction chamber (1) and passes through the air distribution chamber and the air distribution plate (13) in sequence.

3. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust inlet (3) is located on the side wall or bottom of the reaction chamber (1); when the dust inlet (3) is located on the side wall of the reaction chamber (1), the metal dust to be treated is introduced into the air distribution chamber through the dust inlet (3) and the pipe placed inside the reaction chamber (1); when the dust inlet (3) is located at the bottom of the reaction chamber (1), the metal dust to be treated is introduced into the air distribution chamber through the dust inlet (3).

4. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The air distribution plate (13) is provided with air distribution holes (14) that penetrate the air distribution plate (13); there are multiple air distribution holes (14), which are evenly or non-evenly distributed on the air distribution plate (13).

5. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the air distribution holes (14) are arranged on the air distribution plate (13) in a non-uniform manner, the density of the air distribution holes (14) located at the center of the air distribution plate (13) is greater than the density of the air distribution holes (14) located at the non-center of the air distribution plate (13).

6. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment also includes a filter device (5) placed inside the reaction chamber (1), and the mixture generated after the metal dust to be treated and the inert substance (2) are physically combined is intercepted by the filter device (5); The purified metal fumes are discharged through the filtration equipment and the exhaust port (4).

7. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filtration equipment is a filter screen, a filter element, and / or a cyclone separator.

8. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reaction chamber (1) is an integral structure or a split structure; when the reaction chamber (1) is a split structure, the reaction chamber (1) includes a fixing member and a detachable member movably connected to the fixing member; the filtration device is placed in the fixing member.

9. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air-distribution dust treatment equipment also includes a physical separation device connected to the reaction chamber (1); the physical separation device is a front-end separation device and / or a back-end separation device; when the physical separation device is a front-end separation device, the front-end separation device is connected to the dust inlet (3); when the physical separation device is a back-end separation device, the back-end separation device is connected to the exhaust port (4).

10. The air-distribution type dust treatment equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The physical separation equipment is a filter element, filter screen, cyclone separator and / or mechanical labyrinth.

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