Ecological restoration vegetation coverage rapid detector

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration vegetation coverage rapid detector which comprises a processor, a sensor module, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a data processing and analyzing system and a display and operation interface, the sensor module, the data acquisition unit, the storage unit, the data processing and analysis system and the display and operation interface are all electrically connected with the processor, the sensor module comprises a plurality of optical sensors with different wave bands, and a mounting block is arranged above the plurality of optical sensors. The unmanned aerial vehicle is reasonable in structural design, a plurality of optical sensors with different wave bands can be installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body, a large monitoring range can be rapidly covered, the detection efficiency is greatly improved, meanwhile, vegetation and the earth surface of an ecological restoration area cannot be damaged, the optical sensors can be conveniently installed and detached, and the detection efficiency is improved. Therefore, the damaged optical sensor can be maintained and replaced conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0002] In various ecological restoration projects such as mine revegetation, degraded grassland restoration, and wetland restoration, vegetation coverage can be regularly monitored using a rapid vegetation coverage detector to intuitively understand the progress and effects of ecological restoration, providing a basis for adjusting subsequent restoration measures.

[0003] However, existing rapid vegetation coverage detectors for ecological restoration have shortcomings in use. They generally rely on manual on-site measurement, which is slow and directly damages the vegetation and ground surface in the ecological restoration area. Furthermore, existing detectors are not convenient for the rapid installation and removal of optical sensors of different wavelengths, making it difficult to repair or replace damaged optical sensors. Therefore, we propose a rapid vegetation coverage detector for ecological restoration to solve these problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings mentioned above by proposing a rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration includes a processor, a sensor module, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a data processing and analysis system, and a display and operation interface. The sensor module, data acquisition unit, storage unit, data processing and analysis system, and display and operation interface are all electrically connected to the processor. The sensor module includes multiple optical sensors of different wavelengths. A mounting block is provided above the multiple optical sensors. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) body is detachably fixed on the top of the mounting block. A connection mechanism is provided between the mounting block and the UAV body. A disassembly and replacement mechanism is provided between the mounting block and the multiple optical sensors. The UAV body is electrically connected to the processor.

[0007] The above scheme is adopted: optical sensors are used to receive electromagnetic radiation of different bands reflected or emitted by vegetation. Vegetation has a high reflectivity in the near-infrared band and a relatively low reflectivity in the red band of visible light. By analyzing the differences in reflection characteristics of these different bands, vegetation can be distinguished from other land features (such as soil, water bodies, bare rocks, etc.), and then the vegetation coverage can be calculated.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting mechanism includes a fixed base fixedly connected to the bottom of the drone body and a connecting block fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block. The bottom of the connecting block is threaded with four screws, and the connecting block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed base by the four screws.

[0009] The above-mentioned solution, with its fixed base, connecting blocks, and screws, facilitates the installation and removal of the mounting blocks and multiple optical sensors. By mounting multiple optical sensors on the drone, compared to traditional manual field measurements, it is possible to acquire vegetation coverage data for a large area in a short time, quickly covering a larger monitoring range and greatly improving detection efficiency. Unlike manual measurements, it does not require direct contact with vegetation, thus avoiding damage to the vegetation and ground surface in the ecological restoration area. This approach preserves the original state of the ecosystem to the greatest extent possible, meeting the principles and requirements of ecological monitoring.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the mounting block has several sliding grooves on both its front and rear sides, and a cavity is formed inside the mounting block. The disassembly and replacement mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity, and a slider fixedly connected to the top of the optical sensor. Two extrusion plates are threaded onto the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw, and the inclined surfaces of the two extrusion plates movably abut against a trapezoidal block. A lifting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the trapezoidal block, and multiple pressure plates are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting plate. Multiple sliders are slidably fitted into corresponding sliding grooves, and multiple pressure plates movably abut against the top of corresponding sliders. Four springs are fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate, and the tops of the four springs are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity.

[0011] The above solution works as follows: When the optical sensor needs to be disassembled, maintained, or replaced, the double-acting screw is rotated by handwheel. The double-acting screw causes the two pressing plates to move away from each other without pressing the trapezoidal block. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring, the trapezoidal block, lifting plate, and multiple pressure plates move upward without pressing the slider, thus preventing the slider and optical sensor from being pressed down and fixed. The damaged optical sensor can then be removed, and the new optical sensor and slider can be placed into the designated groove. Finally, the handwheel and double-acting screw are rotated in the opposite direction, causing the two pressing plates to move closer together and press down on the trapezoidal block and lifting plate. The lifting plate causes multiple pressure plates to move down and simultaneously press down and fix multiple sliders. Because the threaded connection has self-locking properties, the slider and optical sensor can be firmly fixed.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the cavity and the slide groove are provided with the same rectangular opening, and multiple pressure plates are slidably fitted into the corresponding rectangular openings.

[0013] The above solution facilitates the guidance of the pressure plate, making its movement more stable and smooth.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, ear plates are fixedly connected to both inner walls of the cavity, and the top ends of the four springs are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding ear plates.

[0015] The above solution facilitates the installation of the spring.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the same limiting rod is rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity, and both extrusion plates are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding limiting rod.

[0017] The above scheme facilitates the guidance and limiting of the extrusion plate, preventing it from rotating together with the bidirectional lead screw.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a handwheel is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw, and bearings are fixedly connected to both inner walls of the cavity, with the bidirectional lead screw fixedly sleeved inside the inner rings of the two bearings.

[0019] The above solution facilitates the support of the bidirectional lead screw, making its rotation more stable, and also makes it easier to rotate the bidirectional lead screw.

[0020] This invention discloses a rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration. It utilizes optical sensors to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted by vegetation in different wavelengths. Vegetation has high reflectivity in the near-infrared band and relatively low reflectivity in the red light band of the visible spectrum. By analyzing the differences in reflection characteristics across these different bands, vegetation can be distinguished from other land features (such as soil, water, and bare rock), thereby calculating the vegetation coverage. The installation of the mounting block and multiple optical sensors is facilitated by the use of a fixing base, connecting blocks, and screws. By mounting multiple optical sensors on the drone, compared to traditional manual field measurements, vegetation coverage data for a large area can be obtained in a short time, rapidly covering a larger monitoring range and greatly improving detection efficiency. Unlike manual measurements, it does not require direct contact with vegetation, thus avoiding damage to the vegetation and surface of the ecological restoration area and preserving the original state of the ecosystem to the greatest extent possible, in accordance with the principles and requirements of ecological monitoring.

[0021] In this utility model, the rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage describes a method where, when the optical sensor needs to be disassembled, maintained, or replaced, the handwheel is rotated to turn the bidirectional screw. The bidirectional screw causes the two pressing plates to move away from each other without pressing the trapezoidal block. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring, the trapezoidal block, the lifting plate, and multiple pressure plates move upward without pressing the slider, thus preventing the slider and optical sensor from being pressed down and fixed. The damaged optical sensor can then be removed, and the new optical sensor and slider can be placed into the designated groove. Finally, the handwheel and bidirectional screw are rotated in the opposite direction, causing the two pressing plates to move closer together and press down on the trapezoidal block and the lifting plate. The lifting plate causes multiple pressure plates to move downward, simultaneously pressing down and fixing multiple sliders. Because the threaded connection has self-locking properties, the slider and optical sensor can be firmly fixed.

[0022] This utility model has a reasonable structural design, which can install multiple optical sensors of different bands on the drone body, quickly cover a large monitoring range, greatly improve detection efficiency, and at the same time will not damage the vegetation and ground surface of the ecological restoration area. It also facilitates the installation and disassembly of optical sensors, thereby making it convenient to maintain and replace damaged optical sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage proposed in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the mounting block of the rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage proposed in this utility model.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of a rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage proposed in this utility model.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Unmanned aerial vehicle body; 2. Fixed base; 3. Connecting block; 4. Screw; 5. Disassembly and replacement mechanism; 6. Mounting block; 7. Optical sensor; 501. Slide groove; 502. Slider; 503. Pressure plate; 504. Handwheel; 505. Lifting plate; 506. Ear plate; 507. Two-way lead screw; 508. Extrusion plate; 509. Limiting rod; 510. Cavity; 511. Trapezoidal block; 512. Spring; 513. Bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-4 A rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration includes a processor, a sensor module, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a data processing and analysis system, and a display and operation interface. The sensor module, data acquisition unit, storage unit, data processing and analysis system, and display and operation interface are all electrically connected to the processor. The sensor module includes multiple optical sensors 7 of different wavelengths. A mounting block 6 is provided above the multiple optical sensors 7. An unmanned aerial vehicle body 1 is detachably fixed on the top of the mounting block 6. A connection mechanism is provided between the mounting block 6 and the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1. A disassembly and replacement mechanism 5 is provided between the mounting block 6 and the multiple optical sensors 7. The unmanned aerial vehicle body 1 is electrically connected to the processor.

[0030] The above scheme utilizes multiple optical sensors 7 to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted by vegetation in different wavelengths. Vegetation has high reflectivity in the near-infrared band and relatively low reflectivity in the red light band of the visible spectrum. The data acquisition and storage units are responsible for collecting the raw data acquired by the sensors and storing it in the internal storage medium for easy subsequent transmission and analysis. The data processing and analysis system analyzes the differences in reflection characteristics of these different wavelengths to distinguish vegetation from other ground features (such as soil, water bodies, bare rocks, etc.), and then calculates the vegetation coverage. Some systems can also output the results in intuitive charts, images, etc., for easy understanding and use by users. The display and operation interface is generally a visual interface such as an LCD screen. Operators can set the instrument parameters (such as monitoring range, monitoring time interval, etc.) by touch or button operation, and can also view the detection results, instrument status, and other information in real time.

[0031] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the connecting mechanism includes a fixed base 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body 1, and a connecting block 3 fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block 6. The bottom of the connecting block 3 is threaded with four screws 4, and the connecting block 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed base 2 by the four screws 4.

[0032] The above solution, with the setting of fixing base 2, connecting block 3 and screw 4, facilitates the installation and disassembly of mounting block 6 and multiple optical sensors 7. By installing multiple optical sensors 7 on the UAV body 1, compared with traditional manual field measurement, it is possible to obtain vegetation coverage data of a large area in a short time, quickly cover a larger monitoring range, greatly improve detection efficiency, and avoid direct contact with vegetation as in manual measurement, so as not to damage the vegetation and ground surface of the ecological restoration area, thus maintaining the original state of the ecosystem to the greatest extent, which is in line with the principles and requirements of ecological monitoring.

[0033] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1-3 As shown, the mounting block 6 has several sliding grooves 501 on both its front and rear sides, and a cavity 510 is formed inside the mounting block 6. The disassembly and replacement mechanism 5 includes a bidirectional lead screw 507 rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity 510, and a slider 502 fixedly connected to the top of the optical sensor 7. Two extrusion plates 508 are threaded on the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw 507. The inclined surfaces of the two extrusion plates 508 movably abut against a trapezoidal block 511. A lifting plate 505 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the trapezoidal block 511. The bottom of the lifting plate 505... The cavity 505 is fixedly connected to multiple pressure plates 503, and multiple sliders 502 are slidably sleeved in the corresponding slide grooves 501. The multiple pressure plates 503 are movably abutting against the top of the corresponding sliders 502. The top of the lifting plate 505 is fixedly connected to four springs 512, and the tops of the four springs 512 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity 510. The inner walls of both sides of the cavity 510 are fixedly connected to ear plates 506, and the tops of the four springs 512 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding ear plates 506.

[0034] Using the above solution: When it is necessary to disassemble, maintain, or replace the optical sensor 7, the double-acting screw 507 is rotated by the handwheel 504. The double-acting screw 507 causes the two pressing plates 508 to move away from each other without pressing the trapezoidal block 511. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring 512, the trapezoidal block 511, the lifting plate 505, and the multiple pressure plates 503 move upward without pressing the slider 502, thus preventing the slider 502 from being pressed down and fixed to the optical sensor 7. The damaged optical sensor 7 can then be removed. The new optical sensor 7 and the slider 502 are then placed into the designated slide groove 501. Finally, the handwheel 504 and the double-acting screw 507 are rotated in the opposite direction, causing the two pressing plates 508 to move closer to each other and press down on the trapezoidal block 511 and the lifting plate 505. The lifting plate 505 causes the multiple pressure plates 503 to move downward, simultaneously pressing down and fixing the multiple sliders 502. Because the threaded connection has self-locking properties, the slider 502 and the optical sensor 7 can be firmly fixed.

[0035] Furthermore, a rectangular opening is provided between the cavity 510 and the slide groove 501, and multiple clamping plates 503 are slidably fitted into the corresponding rectangular openings to facilitate the guidance of the clamping plates 503 and make their movement more stable and smooth.

[0036] Furthermore, the same limiting rod 509 is rotatably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the cavity 510, and the two extrusion plates 508 are slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding limiting rod 509, which is conducive to guiding and limiting the extrusion plates 508 so that they do not rotate together with the bidirectional lead screw 507.

[0037] Furthermore, a handwheel 504 is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional lead screw 507, and bearings 513 are fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the cavity 510. The bidirectional lead screw 507 is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the two bearings 513, which facilitates the support of the bidirectional lead screw 507, making its rotation more stable, and also facilitates the rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 507.

[0038] In this invention, multiple optical sensors 7 are used to receive electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted by vegetation. For example, vegetation has a high reflectivity in the near-infrared band and a relatively low reflectivity in the red light band of the visible spectrum. The data acquisition unit and storage unit are responsible for collecting the raw data acquired by the sensors and storing it in the internal storage medium for easy subsequent transmission and analysis. The data processing and analysis system analyzes the differences in reflection characteristics of these different wavelengths to distinguish vegetation from other land features (such as soil, water bodies, bare rocks, etc.) and calculates the vegetation coverage. Some systems can also output the results in intuitive charts, images, etc., for easy understanding and use by users. The display and operation interface is generally a visual interface such as an LCD screen. Operators can set the instrument parameters (such as monitoring range, monitoring time interval, etc.) by touch or button operation, and can also view the detection results, instrument status, and other information in real time.

[0039] The mounting base 2, connecting block 3, and screw 4 facilitate the installation and removal of mounting block 6 and multiple optical sensors 7. By mounting multiple optical sensors 7 on the UAV body 1, compared with traditional manual field measurement, vegetation coverage data of a large area can be obtained in a short time, quickly covering a larger monitoring range, greatly improving detection efficiency. Unlike manual measurement, it does not require direct contact with vegetation, and will not damage the vegetation and ground surface of the ecological restoration area, thus maintaining the original state of the ecosystem to the greatest extent, which meets the principles and requirements of ecological monitoring.

[0040] When the optical sensor 7 needs to be disassembled, maintained, or replaced, the double-acting screw 507 is rotated by the handwheel 504. The double-acting screw 507 causes the two pressing plates 508 to move away from each other without pressing the trapezoidal block 511. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring 512, the trapezoidal block 511, the lifting plate 505, and the multiple pressure plates 503 move upward without pressing the slider 502, thus preventing the slider 502 from being pressed down and fixed to the optical sensor 7. The damaged optical sensor 7 can then be removed. The new optical sensor 7 and the slider 502 are then placed into the designated slide groove 501. Finally, the handwheel 504 and the double-acting screw 507 are rotated in the opposite direction, causing the two pressing plates 508 to move closer to each other and press down on the trapezoidal block 511 and the lifting plate 505. The lifting plate 505 causes the multiple pressure plates 503 to move downward, simultaneously pressing down and fixing the multiple sliders 502. Because the threaded connection has self-locking properties, the slider 502 and the optical sensor 7 can be firmly fixed.

Claims

1. A rapid detection instrument for vegetation coverage in ecological restoration, comprising a processor, a sensor module, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a data processing and analysis system, and a display and operation interface, characterized in that, The sensor module, data acquisition unit, storage unit, data processing and analysis system, and display and operation interface are all electrically connected to the processor. The sensor module includes multiple optical sensors (7) of different bands. A mounting block (6) is provided above the multiple optical sensors (7). The top of the mounting block (6) is detachably fixed with an unmanned aerial vehicle body (1). A connection mechanism is provided between the mounting block (6) and the unmanned aerial vehicle body (1). A disassembly and replacement mechanism (5) is provided between the mounting block (6) and the multiple optical sensors (7).

2. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unmanned aerial vehicle body (1) is electrically connected to the processor.

3. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism includes a fixed base (2) fixedly connected to the bottom of the unmanned vehicle body (1) and a connecting block (3) fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block (6). The bottom of the connecting block (3) is threaded with four screws (4), and the connecting block (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed base (2) by the four screws (4).

4. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting block (6) has several sliding grooves (501) on its front and rear sides. A cavity (510) is formed inside the mounting block (6). The disassembly and replacement mechanism (5) includes a bidirectional lead screw (507) rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the cavity (510), and a slider (502) fixedly connected to the top of the optical sensor (7). Two extrusion plates (508) are threaded onto the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw (507). The inclined surfaces of the two extrusion plates (508) movably abut against a trapezoidal block (511). A lifting plate (505) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the block (511). Multiple pressure plates (503) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting plate (505). Multiple sliders (502) are slidably sleeved in the corresponding slide grooves (501). Multiple pressure plates (503) are movably abutting against the top of the corresponding sliders (502). Four springs (512) are fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate (505). The tops of the four springs (512) are fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the cavity (510).

5. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cavity (510) and the slide groove (501) are provided with the same rectangular opening, and multiple pressure plates (503) are respectively slidably sleeved in the corresponding rectangular opening.

6. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 4, characterized in that, Ear plates (506) are fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the cavity (510), and the top ends of the four springs (512) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding ear plates (506).

7. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cavity (510) has a rotatable limit rod (509) rotatably connected to the inner walls on both sides, and the two extrusion plates (508) are slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding limit rod (509).

8. The rapid detection instrument for ecological restoration vegetation coverage according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the bidirectional lead screw (507) is fixedly connected to a handwheel (504), and bearings (513) are fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the cavity (510). The bidirectional lead screw (507) is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the two bearings (513).

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