Anti-reverse protection circuit for direct current socket, anti-reverse protection assembly and direct current socket

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides an anti-reverse protection circuit for a direct current socket, an anti-reverse protection assembly and the direct current socket. The anti-reverse protection circuit comprises an input side; an output side; the power supply circuit comprises a control module and a step-down circuit, and the control module is coupled to the input side and the step-down circuit; the one-way conduction circuit is coupled between the input side and the power supply circuit and is suitable for being conducted under the condition of opposite wiring so as to allow an external power supply to supply power to the power supply circuit; and a normally-closed switch arranged between the input side and the output side and coupled to the step-down circuit of the power supply circuit, the normally-closed switch being adapted to be turned on in the case of correct wiring to turn on the circuit between the input side and the output side, and to be turned on in the case of opposite wiring and power supply to the power supply circuit by an external power source to turn off the circuit between the input side and the output side. A circuit between the input side and the output side is turned off. Therefore, damage to external equipment caused by wiring errors of the positive and negative electrodes of the direct-current power supply can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to the field of electrical equipment, and particularly to a reverse protection circuit, a reverse protection component, and a DC socket for use as a DC socket. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of DC power supplies, DC sockets have become indispensable connection components in various electronic devices and power systems. DC sockets can be used to connect DC power supplies to electrical equipment, providing a stable DC current. However, existing DC sockets lack effective protection against incorrect wiring; that is, they are not equipped with protective circuits to prevent incorrect positive and negative wiring. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a reverse protection circuit, a reverse protection component, and a DC socket for use in DC sockets, so as to at least partially solve the aforementioned problems and / or other potential problems existing in conventional DC sockets.

[0004] In a first aspect of this disclosure, a reverse protection circuit for a DC socket is provided. The reverse protection circuit includes: an input side adapted for electrical connection to an external power source; an output side adapted for electrical connection to an external device; a power supply circuit including a control module and a step-down circuit, the control module being coupled to the input side and the step-down circuit; a unidirectional conduction circuit coupled between the input side and the power supply circuit, adapted to form an open circuit when the input side is correctly wired to the external power source, preventing the external power source from supplying power to the power supply circuit, and to conduct when the input side is wired in the opposite direction to the external power source, allowing the external power source to supply power to the power supply circuit; and a normally closed switch disposed between the input side and the output side and coupled to the step-down circuit of the power supply circuit, the normally closed switch being adapted to conduct when the external power source is correctly wired, connecting the circuit between the input side and the output side, and to open when the wiring is reversed and the external power source supplies power to the step-down circuit of the power supply circuit, disconnecting the circuit between the input side and the output side.

[0005] In embodiments according to this disclosure, the coordinated operation of the input side, output side, power supply circuit, unidirectional conduction circuit, and normally closed switch enables real-time monitoring of the DC power supply wiring status and prevents damage to external devices, making it suitable for various DC power supply scenarios. Other benefits will be described below in conjunction with corresponding embodiments.

[0006] In some embodiments, the input side includes a positive input side and a negative input side, and the output side includes a positive output side and a negative output side; and the unidirectional conduction circuit includes: an anode terminal coupled to a power supply circuit; and a cathode terminal coupled to the positive input side.

[0007] In some embodiments, the input side includes a positive input side and a negative input side, and the output side includes a positive output side and a negative output side; and the unidirectional conduction circuit includes: an anode terminal coupled to the negative input side; and a cathode terminal coupled to the power supply circuit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the input side includes a positive input side and a negative input side, and the output side includes a positive output side and a negative output side; and the first unidirectional conducting circuit in a pair of unidirectional conducting circuits includes: a first anode terminal coupled to a power supply circuit; and a first cathode terminal coupled to the positive input side, and the second unidirectional conducting circuit in a pair of unidirectional conducting circuits includes: a second anode terminal coupled to the negative input side; and a second cathode terminal coupled to the power supply circuit.

[0009] In some embodiments, a normally closed switch is coupled between the positive input side and the positive output side.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the normally closed switch is coupled between the positive input side and the positive output side, and the second terminal of the normally closed switch is coupled between the negative input side and the negative output side.

[0011] In some embodiments, the normally closed switch includes a normally closed relay.

[0012] In some embodiments, the unidirectional conduction circuit includes a crystal diode.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the power supply circuit is powered, the control module adjusts the output voltage of the step-down circuit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the control module includes a switching transistor connected to a step-down circuit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step-down circuit includes: an energy storage inductor, with a first end connected to a switching transistor and a second end connected to the output side; a freewheeling diode, with its cathode connected to the first end of the energy storage inductor and its anode grounded; and a filter capacitor, with one end connected to the second end of the energy storage inductor and the other end grounded.

[0016] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a feedback circuit coupled between the buck circuit and the control module, and the feedback circuit includes a voltage divider resistor adapted to divide the output voltage of the buck circuit and feed the divided voltage signal back to the control module.

[0017] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a compensation circuit coupled to the control module, adapted to compensate the feedback signal of the feedback circuit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the buck circuit is coupled to a normally closed switch via a crystal diode.

[0019] In some embodiments, the anti-reverse protection circuit further includes: a lamp driving circuit coupled to a step-down circuit, wherein the driving signal of the lamp driving circuit has square wave characteristics and is suitable for driving the indicator light to flash.

[0020] In a second aspect of this disclosure, a reverse protection assembly for a DC socket is provided. The reverse protection assembly includes: a reverse protection circuit according to the first aspect described above; a terminal block coupled to the input side of the reverse protection circuit; and a socket coupled to the output side of the reverse protection circuit.

[0021] In some embodiments, the anti-reverse protection component further includes: an indicator light coupled to the power supply circuit of the anti-reverse protection circuit, adapted to turn on when the input side wiring of the anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed and an external power supply supplies power to the power supply circuit of the anti-reverse protection circuit.

[0022] In a third aspect of this disclosure, a DC socket is provided. The DC socket includes: a housing; and a reverse protection component according to the second aspect described above, coupled to the housing and adapted for electrical connection to an external device.

[0023] It should be understood that the content described in this content section is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein:

[0025] Figures 1 to 4 A schematic diagram of an anti-reverse protection circuit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0027] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a normally closed switch according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0028] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of an indicator light according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0030] In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, the term "comprising" and similar terms should be understood as open-ended inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to". The term "based on" should be understood as "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" should be understood as "at least one embodiment". The term "some embodiments" should be understood as "at least some embodiments". Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below. The terms "first", "second", etc., may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0031] As briefly mentioned earlier, existing DC sockets have the problem of incorrect wiring to DC power supplies. Specifically, in actual use, incorrect wiring of DC sockets can cause abnormal operation or even damage to electrical equipment (hereinafter referred to as external equipment). For example, electronic devices lack internal reverse connection protection circuits, and the input reverse voltage can damage circuit components, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Secondly, reverse connection can cause short circuits, overloads, and other problems, further leading to overheating, melting, or other safety hazards. In addition, reverse wiring can also affect the stability of the power supply system, causing power supply system malfunctions or even adverse chain reactions throughout the entire power network.

[0032] To address, or at least partially address, the aforementioned problems or other potential problems of existing DC socket solutions, embodiments of this disclosure provide a reverse-bias protection circuit, a reverse-bias protection component, and a DC socket solution for a DC socket. The reverse-bias protection circuit includes an input side, an output side, a power supply circuit, a unidirectional conduction circuit, and a normally closed switch. Further, the input side is adapted for electrical connection to an external power source. Further, the output side is adapted for electrical connection to an external device. Further, the power supply circuit is coupled to the input side and includes a control module and a step-down circuit. The control module is coupled to the input side and the step-down circuit. Further, the unidirectional conduction circuit is coupled between the input side and the power supply circuit and is adapted to form an open circuit when the input side is correctly wired to the external power source, preventing the external power source from supplying power to the power supply circuit, and to conduct when the input side is wired in the opposite direction to the external power source, allowing the external power source to supply power to the power supply circuit. Furthermore, a normally closed switch is arranged between the input side and the output side and coupled to the step-down circuit of the power supply circuit. The normally closed switch is adapted to conduct when the external power supply is correctly wired, so as to conduct the circuit between the input side and the output side, and to open when the wiring is reversed and the external power supply supplies power to the step-down circuit of the power supply circuit, so as to disconnect the circuit between the input side and the output side.

[0033] In this way, by setting up a power supply circuit and a unidirectional conduction circuit, the wiring status of the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply can be quickly and accurately identified. If the external power supply is wired correctly, the unidirectional conduction circuit remains open, and the external power supply does not supply power to the power supply circuit; if the external power supply is wired incorrectly, the unidirectional conduction circuit is open, and the external power supply supplies power to the power supply circuit.

[0034] Furthermore, if the power supply circuit detects an external power supply wiring error, the normally closed switch quickly opens, cutting off the current path between the input and output sides, thereby preventing incorrect current from entering the external device and avoiding damage due to overcurrent or reverse voltage. When the external power supply wiring is correct, the normally closed switch remains closed, ensuring a smooth circuit between the input and output sides. In this case, current can be transmitted to the external device. This reverse polarity protection circuit is simple in structure, low in cost, and has stable performance. It has a fast response speed, reliable operation, and can operate stably in complex DC power supply environments.

[0035] This anti-reverse protection circuit can prevent damage to the power system and external equipment caused by wiring errors due to human error or accidental factors, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire power supply system.

[0036] The following describes an example structure and operation of a reverse protection component for a DC socket in an electronic device. The concept of this disclosure will primarily be described using a DC socket as an example. It should be understood that the same principle applies to other types of sockets, and will not be elaborated upon further below.

[0037] A DC socket according to an embodiment of this disclosure includes a housing and a reverse polarity protection component. The reverse polarity protection component is coupled to the housing. This component is used for electrically connecting to an external device and enables the identification of reverse power supply connections and the safety protection of the external device. The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the specific structure and function of the DC socket.

[0038] Specifically, the housing is the external protective structure of the DC socket, used to house the reverse polarity protection components and provide mechanical strength and stability. The housing can be made of insulating materials (such as plastic or composite materials) to ensure safety during use. An internal space is provided within the housing for installing and securing the reverse polarity protection components. Furthermore, the outer surface of the housing has socket interfaces for easy connection of external devices.

[0039] Furthermore, the reverse polarity protection component is housed inside the housing. This component can receive DC power from an external power source and identify the wiring status of the external power supply. If the external power supply is correctly wired, the reverse polarity protection component allows current to flow from the input to the output, providing a stable power supply to the external device. If the external power supply is incorrectly wired, the reverse polarity protection component cuts off the current path between the input and output.

[0040] In this way, through the modular integration of the housing and reverse polarity protection components, this DC socket not only provides mechanical protection but also prevents damage to external devices caused by incorrect power wiring. This DC socket is suitable for various DC power supply applications, such as home appliances, industrial equipment, and vehicle-mounted equipment, providing users with a safe and reliable DC power supply.

[0041] The following describes in detail the embodiments of this disclosure with reference to the specific structure and function of the anti-reverse protection component. According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the anti-reverse protection component includes an anti-reverse protection circuit 100, terminals, and sockets. By integrating the anti-reverse protection circuit 100, terminals, and sockets, it is used for automatic identification of power supply wiring status and safety protection of external devices.

[0042] Specifically, the reverse protection circuit 100 is used to identify the wiring status of the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply and control the on / off state of the module according to the wiring status, thereby realizing rapid judgment and response to reverse power supply and avoiding damage to external equipment caused by incorrect wiring.

[0043] Furthermore, a terminal block is provided on the input side 110 of the reverse protection circuit 100 for connection to an external power supply. The terminal block includes a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal, which are coupled to the positive input side 1101 and the negative input side 1102 of the reverse protection circuit 100 described below, respectively. Through the terminal block, an external DC power supply can be reliably input to the reverse protection circuit 100, enabling the circuit to monitor and control the power supply connection status.

[0044] Furthermore, a socket is disposed on the output side 120 of the reverse protection circuit 100 for connection to the plug of an external device. The socket includes a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal, which are coupled to the positive output side 1201 and the negative output side 1202 of the reverse protection circuit 100 described below, respectively. If the external power supply is wired correctly, the reverse protection circuit 100 allows current to flow and supplies power to the external device through the socket; if the external power supply is wired incorrectly, the reverse protection circuit 100 cuts off the current path between the input side 110 and the output side 120, and the socket no longer outputs current, thereby preventing damage to the external device due to incorrect wiring.

[0045] In this way, the input electrical energy is transmitted to the reverse protection circuit 100 by connecting to an external power source through the terminal block; and the current processed by the protection circuit is safely output to the external device by connecting to an external device through the socket. Therefore, it can effectively realize real-time monitoring of the DC power supply wiring status and quickly take protective measures in case of wiring errors, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the DC power supply system.

[0046] In some embodiments, the reverse protection component includes an indicator light 160 for providing a visual status indication when a power wiring error is detected, thereby enhancing the user experience and the safety of device operation.

[0047] Furthermore, the positive and negative terminals of the indicator light 160 are coupled to the power supply circuit 130 of the reverse protection circuit 100, respectively. The indicator light 160 is used to provide the user with an intuitive error message when the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed.

[0048] When the external power supply is correctly wired (i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101 and the negative terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102), current does not flow to the power supply circuit 130. At this time, the power supply circuit 130 will not provide drive current to the indicator light 160, and the indicator light 160 remains off. Meanwhile, the reverse polarity protection circuit 100 allows the current path between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201, and between the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202, to be open, and electrical energy is normally transmitted to the external device.

[0049] If the external power supply is wired incorrectly (i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102 and the negative terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101), current flows to the power supply circuit 130. The power supply circuit 130 detects the wiring error and provides drive current to the indicator light 160, causing it to illuminate. Once the indicator light 160 is in the conducting state, it visually indicates the wiring error to the user, prompting them to check and correct the power supply wiring. Simultaneously, the reverse current protection circuit 100 cuts off the current path between the input side 110 and the output side 120, preventing erroneous current from being transmitted to external devices. In some embodiments, when the power supply circuit 130 is conducting, the step-down circuit 190 continuously outputs a stepped-down output voltage, for example, 12V. Meanwhile, in the case of reverse wiring, the indicator light 160 can remain constantly lit to alert the user.

[0050] The following will combine Figures 1 to 4 This describes the specific structure of the anti-reverse protection circuit 100. Figures 1 to 4 A schematic diagram of an anti-reverse protection circuit 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For example... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit 100 generally includes an input side 110, an output side 120, a power supply circuit 130, a unidirectional conduction circuit 140, and a normally closed switch 150. This reverse polarity protection circuit 100 can identify the positive and negative wiring status of the DC power supply and cut off the current path when the wiring is incorrect, preventing damage to external equipment. The specific structure and function of each part are described in detail below for each embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Specifically, input side 110 is used to connect to an external power supply. In some embodiments, input side 110 includes a positive input side 1101 and a negative input side 1102. Input side 110 serves as the power input terminal of the reverse protection circuit 100, receiving current from the external DC power supply to provide power for the subsequent detection and protection functions of the reverse protection circuit 100. For example, the voltage of the external power supply can be 48V.

[0052] Furthermore, the output side 120 is used to connect to external devices. In some embodiments, the output side 120 includes a positive output side 1201 and a negative output side 1202. The electrical connection state of the output side 120 depends on the wiring state of the external power supply. If the external power supply is wired correctly, the output side 120 allows current to flow normally to the external device; if the external power supply is wired incorrectly, the circuit between the output side 120 and the input side 110 is disconnected to prevent incorrect current from being transmitted to the external device. The interface form of the output side 120 can be adapted according to specific application scenarios, such as adapting to electrical equipment such as DC motors and DC lamps.

[0053] Furthermore, the power supply circuit 130 is coupled to the input side 110 to monitor the positive and negative wiring status of the power supply on the input side 110. The power supply circuit 130 can determine the wiring status of the external power supply in real time and send corresponding control signals to other components. Furthermore, the power supply circuit 130 includes a control module 180 and a step-down circuit 190. The control module 180 is coupled to the input side 110 and the step-down circuit 190, and is used to adjust the output voltage of the step-down circuit 190 when the power supply circuit 130 is powered.

[0054] Furthermore, a unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is disposed between the input side 110 and the power supply circuit 130 to control the power supply of the power supply circuit 130 according to the positive and negative wiring status of the external power supply. If the external power supply is wired correctly, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is in the off state, forming an open circuit and preventing the external power supply from supplying power to the power supply circuit 130, ensuring the normal operation of the DC socket circuit; when the input side 110 and the external power supply are wired in opposite directions, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is turned on, allowing the external power supply to supply power to the step-down circuit 190 of the power supply circuit 130, and the output voltage of the step-down circuit 190 is adjusted via the control module 180. At this time, the power supply circuit 130 recognizes the error state and triggers the protection mechanism. For example, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 can be a diode or other unidirectional conduction device for unidirectional current control.

[0055] Furthermore, the normally closed switch 150 is coupled between the input side 110 and the output side 120, and electrically connected to the step-down circuit 190 of the power supply circuit 130. If the external power supply is correctly wired, the power supply circuit 130 does not receive an error signal, the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, and a conductive path is formed between the input side 110 and the output side 120, allowing current to be transmitted to the external device. If the external power supply is incorrectly wired, the power supply circuit 130 receives an error signal and drives the normally closed switch 150 to open, cutting off the current path between the input side 110 and the output side 120, thereby cutting off the power supply under incorrect wiring conditions and preventing erroneous current from entering the external device. For example, the normally closed switch 150 can be a normally closed relay.

[0056] During operation, if the user correctly connects the positive and negative terminals of the power supply to the input side 110, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 blocks the external power supply to the power supply circuit 130, the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, and the input side 110 and the output side 120 form a circuit, allowing current to be supplied to the external device normally. If the positive input side 1101 and the negative input side 1102 of the input side 110 are reversed with the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 conducts, allowing the power supply circuit 130 to receive power from the external power supply and determine that the wiring is incorrect. It then controls the normally closed switch 150 to disconnect the input side 110 and the output side 120, cutting off power transmission and preventing damage to the external device.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the positive input side 1101 and negative input side 1102 of the input side 110 are used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of an external power supply to receive DC power from the external power supply. Simultaneously, the positive output side 1201 and negative output side 1202 of the output side 120 are used to connect to the power input terminal of an external device, thereby providing DC power to the external device.

[0058] Furthermore, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. This unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is used to maintain different conduction states depending on whether the external power supply wiring is correct, to ensure the safety of external devices.

[0059] Furthermore, the anode is coupled to the power supply circuit 130, and the cathode is coupled to the positive input side 1101 to receive the voltage signal from the positive input side 1101.

[0060] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are correctly connected to the positive input side 1101 and the negative input side 1102, the voltage at the anode of the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is lower than the voltage at the cathode, and the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 remains open, thereby preventing the power supply circuit 130 from receiving power from the external power supply. At this time, the power supply circuit 130 will not trigger the protection measures, and the current on the input side 110 can be transmitted to the output side 120 through the normally closed switch 150 to supply power to the external device.

[0061] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed, i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102 and the negative terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101, the voltage at the anode of the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is higher than the voltage at the cathode. The unidirectional conduction circuit 140 then conducts, transferring current from the external power supply to the power supply circuit 130. Upon receiving power from the external power supply, the power supply circuit 130 detects the wiring error and controls the normally closed switch 150 to disconnect the connection between the input side 110 and the output side 120, cutting off power transmission and preventing damage to external equipment.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the anode of the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is coupled to the cathode input side 1102; the cathode is coupled to the power supply circuit 130.

[0063] If the external power supply is connected correctly, and the voltage at the anode is lower than the voltage at the cathode, the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 is in the off state, and the power supply circuit 130 cannot receive power from the external power supply. At this time, the power supply circuit 130 will not trigger the protection measures, and the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, so that the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201, and the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202 form a circuit, thereby supplying power to the external device.

[0064] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed, i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102 and the negative terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101, the voltage at the anode terminal will be higher than the voltage at the cathode terminal. The unidirectional conduction circuit 140 will then conduct, and the current from the external power supply will be transmitted to the power supply circuit 130. Upon receiving the power supply, the power supply circuit 130 will identify the wiring error and control the normally closed switch 150 to disconnect the connection between the input side 110 and the output side 120, thereby cutting off power transmission and preventing damage to external equipment.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a fuse 170 can be arranged between the negative input side 1102 and the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 for overcurrent protection. Meanwhile, a filter capacitor 171 is arranged between the cathode of the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 and the positive input side 1101 to reduce ripple and noise in the input voltage.

[0066] In some embodiments, the control module 180 includes a switching transistor, a control pin, and a feedback pin. The switching transistor is connected to the energy storage inductor 191 of the buck circuit 190. The control module 180 regulates the output voltage of the buck circuit 190 by controlling the switching transistor's on and off states. The feedback pin receives a feedback signal from the feedback circuit, and the control pin receives a control signal from the compensation circuit, thereby adjusting the duty cycle of the switching transistor based on the feedback and control signals to stabilize the output voltage. For example, the switching transistor can be a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).

[0067] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the energy storage inductor 191 of the buck circuit 190 is connected to the switching transistor, and the second terminal is connected to the output side, for storing and transferring energy. The cathode of the freewheeling diode 192 is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage inductor, and the anode is grounded, for providing a freewheeling path for the energy storage inductor 191 when the switching transistor is turned off, ensuring continuous power supply to the load. One end of the filter capacitor 193 is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage inductor, and the other end is grounded, for filtering the voltage on the output side and providing a stable DC output voltage.

[0068] When the wiring is reversed, the input voltage is reduced to the required output voltage by the control module 180 and the step-down circuit 190. The switching transistor, driven by the control module 180, turns on and off at a high frequency. The energy storage inductor stores energy through electromagnetic induction and, in conjunction with the freewheeling diode 192 and the filter capacitor 193, converts the pulse signal into a stable DC signal output to the output side. The feedback circuit adjusts the duty cycle control of the switching transistor by the control module 180 based on real-time detection of output voltage changes, thereby regulating the output voltage.

[0069] In some embodiments, the control module 180 may be a high-voltage switching power supply control chip, which integrates switching MOSFETs, PWM control and protection functions. Of course, the control module 180 may also be implemented by circuits, and this embodiment of the present disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0070] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a feedback circuit. This feedback circuit is coupled between the output terminal of the buck circuit 190 and the feedback pin of the control module 180, and is used to monitor the output voltage of the buck circuit 190 in real time and feed the detection signal back to the control module 180. Specifically, the feedback circuit divides the output voltage using voltage-dividing resistors, transmits the divided voltage signal to the feedback pin of the control module 180, and generates an error signal by comparing the feedback signal with a reference voltage inside the control module 180. Based on the error signal, the control module 180 dynamically adjusts the on and off times of the switching transistor, thereby changing the duty cycle of the switching transistor to ensure the stability of the output voltage of the buck circuit 190. For example, the voltage-dividing resistors are resistors 183 and 184.

[0071] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a compensation circuit coupled to the control pin of the control module 180, used to compensate the feedback signal to improve the stability and dynamic response performance of the power supply circuit. Specifically, the compensation circuit improves the response speed of the control module 180 by adjusting the gain and phase characteristics of the feedback signal, avoiding instability or oscillation caused by circuit delays or output fluctuations.

[0072] For example, the compensation circuit can employ an RC compensation circuit. This RC compensation circuit includes a resistor 181 and a capacitor 182 connected in series. One end of the resistor 181 is connected to the control pin of the control module 180, and one end of the capacitor 182 is grounded. By adjusting the amplitude and phase of the feedback signal, the compensation circuit enables the control module 180 to respond more quickly and accurately to changes in the output voltage, ensuring that the output voltage remains stable at the target value.

[0073] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the normally closed switch 150 is coupled to the output of the buck circuit 190 to receive the stabilized voltage signal after being stepped down. The output of the buck circuit 190 is coupled to the normally closed switch via a crystal diode, specifically, crystal diode 151 is coupled in parallel to the normally closed switch 150. The step-down process converts the input voltage into a low-voltage DC signal suitable for driving the normally closed switch. The crystal diode 151 provides unidirectional conduction, preventing damage or malfunction of the normally closed switch due to reverse voltage.

[0074] For example, when the normally closed switch 150 is opened, its internal coil generates a reverse electromotive force, and the crystal diode 151 conducts, which provides a discharge circuit for the current in the coil of the normally closed switch 150, allowing the current to slowly decay through the crystal diode 151, thereby consuming the magnetic field energy in the coil of the normally closed switch 150 and ensuring that the normally closed switch 150 is not impacted by the reverse electromotive force.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the reverse protection circuit further includes a lamp driver circuit coupled to the output of the step-down circuit 190 to receive the stepped-down stable voltage signal. The lamp driver circuit generates a drive signal with square wave characteristics. The frequency and duty cycle of this drive signal can be adjusted according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited in the embodiments of this disclosure. Through this drive signal, the lamp driver circuit can effectively drive the indicator light to blink, thereby providing an intuitive indication of the circuit status.

[0076] When the 12V power supply to the output of the step-down circuit 190 is connected, the power supply is filtered by capacitors 165 and 166 and then supplies power to the entire lamp driver circuit. Chip 161 starts working, and capacitor 164 is charged through resistors 162 and 163. When the voltage on capacitor 164 reaches the threshold voltage of threshold pin 6 (THOLD), the internal circuit of chip 161 activates, the output state of output pin 3 (OUT) changes, and simultaneously discharge pin 7 (DC) discharges capacitor 164. The charging and discharging process of capacitor 164 continuously cycles, thereby generating a pulse signal with a certain frequency at output pin 3 (OUT). This pulse signal drives LED 160 through resistor 167, causing LED 160 to flash at a certain frequency, thus indicating the working status of the circuit. Throughout the entire operation, the values ​​of resistors 162, 163, and capacitor 164 ensure the charging and discharging time constant of capacitor 164, thereby ensuring parameters such as the frequency and duty cycle of the output pulse signal. By adjusting the parameters of these components, the characteristics of the circuit output signal can be adjusted to meet different application requirements.

[0077] When an external power supply is connected to the input side and the wiring is reversed, the buck circuit 190 steps down the input voltage and outputs a stable DC voltage, simultaneously driving the lamp driver circuit. The lamp driver circuit receives the voltage signal provided by the buck circuit 190, generates a square wave-like drive signal, and drives the indicator light to flash at a specific frequency, indicating that the reverse protection circuit is in the reverse wiring state. If the input wiring is correct, the reverse protection circuit will cut off the output current and drive the indicator light to enter different flashing modes or an off state through the lamp driver circuit to indicate that the wiring is correct.

[0078] like Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the anti-reverse protection circuit 100 includes a pair of unidirectional conducting circuits 140. The pair of unidirectional conducting circuits 140 includes a first unidirectional conducting circuit 1401 and a second unidirectional conducting circuit 1402.

[0079] Furthermore, the first unidirectional conduction circuit 1401 includes a first anode and a first cathode. The first anode is coupled to the power supply circuit 130; the first cathode is coupled to the positive input side 1101.

[0080] Furthermore, the second unidirectional conduction circuit 1402 includes a second anode and a second cathode. The second anode is coupled to the negative input side 1102; the second cathode is coupled to the power supply circuit 130.

[0081] If the external power supply is correctly wired, the positive input side 1101 is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply, and the negative input side 1102 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. In this case, the voltage at the first cathode in the first unidirectional conduction circuit 1401 is higher than the voltage at the first anode, and the first unidirectional conduction circuit 1401 is in the off state; simultaneously, the voltage at the second anode in the second unidirectional conduction circuit 1402 is lower than the voltage at the second cathode, and the second unidirectional conduction circuit 1402 is also in the off state. Therefore, the power supply circuit 130 does not receive current, the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, and a path is formed between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201, and between the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202, thereby supplying power to the external device.

[0082] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed, i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102 and the negative terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101, the voltage at the first cathode in the first unidirectional conduction circuit 1401 is lower than the voltage at the first anode, and the first unidirectional conduction circuit 1401 is turned on. At the same time, the voltage at the second anode in the second unidirectional conduction circuit 1402 is higher than the voltage at the second cathode, and the second unidirectional conduction circuit 1402 is turned on, thus transmitting the current from the external power supply to the power supply circuit 130.

[0083] After receiving current, the power supply circuit 130 identifies an external power supply wiring error and controls the normally closed switch 150 to disconnect the connection between the input side 110 and the output side 120, cutting off the power supply and thus preventing damage to external equipment.

[0084] In this way, the positive and negative wiring status of the external power supply can be determined, and a rapid response can be made to incorrect wiring.

[0085] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, in some embodiments, the normally closed switch 150 is arranged between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201 to control the current path between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201.

[0086] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are connected correctly, the positive input side 1101 receives the positive voltage of the external power supply. The power supply circuit 130 will not detect the wiring error signal, and the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, so that the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201 form a circuit, thereby allowing the external power supply to supply power to the external device.

[0087] If the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are connected incorrectly, i.e., the positive terminal is connected to the negative input side 1102 and the negative terminal is connected to the positive input side 1101, the power supply circuit 130 identifies the wiring error through the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 and generates a control signal to open the normally closed switch 150, thereby cutting off the current path between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201, preventing the incorrect current from being transmitted to the external device, and avoiding damage to the external device or circuit failure caused by the wiring error.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the normally closed switch 150 includes a first terminal and a second terminal. Further, the first terminal of the normally closed switch 150 is coupled between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201 to control the current path between the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201.

[0089] Furthermore, the second terminal of the normally closed switch 150 is coupled between the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202 to control the current path between the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202.

[0090] With the external power supply terminals correctly connected, the positive input side 1101 is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply, and the negative input side 1102 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The power supply circuit 130 does not detect any error signals. At this time, the normally closed switch 150 remains in the conducting state, with its first and second terminals forming conductive paths, connecting the positive input side 1101 to the positive output side 1201 and the negative input side 1102 to the negative output side 1202, allowing the external power supply to power external devices.

[0091] If the external power supply is connected incorrectly (positive to negative input side 1102 and negative to positive input side 1101), the power supply circuit 130 detects the incorrect connection via the unidirectional conduction circuit 140 and generates a control signal. This control signal drives the normally closed switch 150 to actuate, cutting off the conduction path between the first and second terminals. At this time, the positive input side 1101 and the positive output side 1201, as well as the negative input side 1102 and the negative output side 1202, are both disconnected, preventing current from flowing to external devices and thus avoiding damage to them.

[0092] Various implementations of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed implementations. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described implementations. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or improvements to technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the various implementations disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A reverse protection circuit for a DC socket, characterized in that, include: The input side (110) is suitable for electrical connection to an external power supply; The output side (120) is suitable for electrical connection to external devices; The power supply circuit (130) includes a control module (180) and a step-down circuit (190), wherein the control module (180) is coupled to the input side (110) and the step-down circuit (190). A unidirectional conduction circuit (140) is coupled between the input side (110) and the power supply circuit (130), and is adapted to form an open circuit when the input side (110) is correctly connected to the external power supply so that the external power supply does not supply power to the power supply circuit (130), and to conduct when the input side (110) is connected in the opposite direction to the external power supply so as to allow the external power supply to supply power to the power supply circuit (130); as well as A normally closed switch (150) is arranged between the input side (110) and the output side (120) and coupled to the step-down circuit (190) of the power supply circuit (130). The normally closed switch (150) is adapted to be turned on when the external power supply is correctly wired, so that the circuit between the input side (110) and the output side (120) is connected, and to be turned on when the wiring is reversed and the external power supply supplies power to the step-down circuit (190) of the power supply circuit (130), so that the circuit between the input side (110) and the output side (120) is disconnected.

2. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input side (110) includes a positive input side (1101) and a negative input side (1102), and The output side (120) includes a positive output side (1201) and a negative output side (1202); and The unidirectional conduction circuit (140) includes: The anode is coupled to the power supply circuit (130); and The cathode terminal is coupled to the positive input side (1101).

3. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input side (110) includes a positive input side (1101) and a negative input side (1102), and The output side (120) includes a positive output side (1201) and a negative output side (1202); and The unidirectional conduction circuit (140) includes: The anode terminal is coupled to the negative input side (1102); and The cathode end is coupled to the power supply circuit (130).

4. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input side (110) includes a positive input side (1101) and a negative input side (1102), and The output side (120) includes a positive output side (1201) and a negative output side (1202); and The first unidirectional conduction circuit (1401) of the pair of unidirectional conduction circuits (140) includes: The first positive terminal is coupled to the power supply circuit (130); and The first cathode terminal is coupled to the positive input side (1101), and The second unidirectional conduction circuit (1402) in the pair of unidirectional conduction circuits (140) includes: The second anode terminal is coupled to the negative input side (1102); and The second cathode is coupled to the power supply circuit (130).

5. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The normally closed switch (150) is coupled between the positive input side (1101) and the positive output side (1201).

6. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first terminal of the normally closed switch (150) is coupled between the positive input side (1101) and the positive output side (1201), and The second terminal of the normally closed switch (150) is coupled between the negative input side (1102) and the negative output side (1202).

7. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normally closed switch (150) includes a normally closed relay.

8. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The unidirectional conduction circuit (140) includes a crystal diode.

9. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the power supply circuit (130) is powered, the control module (180) adjusts the output voltage of the step-down circuit (190).

10. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module (180) includes: The switching transistor is connected to the step-down circuit (190).

11. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The step-down circuit (190) includes: An energy storage inductor (191) is provided, with its first end connected to the switching transistor and its second end connected to the output side (120). A freewheeling diode (192), wherein the cathode of the freewheeling diode (192) is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage inductor (191), and the anode is grounded; and The filter capacitor (193) is connected at one end to the second end of the energy storage inductor (191), and the other end is grounded.

12. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit (130) also includes a feedback circuit coupled between the step-down circuit (190) and the control module (180), and The feedback circuit includes a voltage divider resistor, which is adapted to divide the output voltage of the step-down circuit (190) and feed the voltage divider signal back to the control module (180).

13. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The power supply circuit also includes a compensation circuit coupled to the control module (180), which is adapted to compensate the feedback signal of the feedback circuit.

14. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step-down circuit (190) is coupled to the normally closed switch (150) via a crystal diode (151).

15. The anti-reverse protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The lamp driving circuit is coupled to the step-down circuit (190), and the driving signal of the lamp driving circuit has square wave characteristics, which is suitable for driving the indicator light (160) to flash.

16. A reverse protection assembly for a DC socket, characterized in that, include: Anti-reverse protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-15; The wiring terminal is coupled to the input side (110) of the reverse protection circuit. as well as The socket is coupled to the output side (120) of the reverse protection circuit.

17. The anti-reverse protection component according to claim 16, characterized in that, Also includes: The indicator light (160) is coupled to the step-down circuit (190) of the power supply circuit (130) of the anti-reverse protection circuit, and is adapted to enter the conduction state when the wiring on the input side (110) of the anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed and an external power supply supplies power to the power supply circuit (130) of the anti-reverse protection circuit.

18. A DC socket, characterized in that, include: case; as well as The anti-reverse protection assembly according to claims 16 and 17 is coupled to the housing and is adapted for electrical connection to external devices.

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